Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2141929300', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.6.2541-2547.2000', 'title': 'Cloning the Soil Metagenome: a Strategy for Accessing the Genetic and Functional Diversity of Uncultured Microorganisms', 'display_name': 'Cloning the Soil Metagenome: a Strategy for Accessing the Genetic and Functional Diversity of Uncultured Microorganisms', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2141929300', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.6.2541-2547.2000', 'mag': '2141929300', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10831436', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/110579'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.6.2541-2547.2000', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S158228368', 'display_name': 'Applied and Environmental Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0099-2240', 'issn': ['0099-2240', '1070-6291', '1098-5336'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc110579?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087216787', 'display_name': 'Michelle R. Rondon', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135310074', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Madison', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01y2jtd41', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michelle R. Rondon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029173785', 'display_name': 'Paul R. August', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-2379'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul R. August', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024540506', 'display_name': 'Alan D. Bettermann', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135310074', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Madison', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01y2jtd41', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alan D. Bettermann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073186281', 'display_name': 'Sean F. Brady', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-8586'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'display_name': 'Cornell University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6r87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sean F. Brady', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York3'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York3', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110442307', 'display_name': 'Trudy H. Grossman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Trudy H. Grossman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055569461', 'display_name': 'Mark R. Liles', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-8150'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135310074', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Madison', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01y2jtd41', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mark R. Liles', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075870191', 'display_name': 'Kara A. Loiacono', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kara A. Loiacono', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051784247', 'display_name': 'Berkley A. Lynch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Berkley A. Lynch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111221187', 'display_name': 'Ian A. MacNeil', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ian A. MacNeil', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065648239', 'display_name': 'C Minor', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Charles Minor', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038698807', 'display_name': 'Choi Lai Tiong', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Choi Lai Tiong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111499922', 'display_name': 'Michael Gilman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Gilman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088100974', 'display_name': 'Marcia S. Osburne', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158425', 'display_name': 'Ariadne Diagnostics (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04mzbw652', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marcia S. Osburne', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts2; and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158425']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008067693', 'display_name': 'Jon Clardy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-8356'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'display_name': 'Cornell University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6r87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jon Clardy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York3'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York3', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060743111', 'display_name': 'Jo Handelsman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-5030'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135310074', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Madison', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01y2jtd41', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jo Handelsman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109077043', 'display_name': 'Robert M. Goodman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135310074', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Madison', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01y2jtd41', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert M. Goodman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin1;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 11.694, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1239, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999974, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '66', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '2541', 'last_page': '2547'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10015', 'display_name': 'Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10015', 'display_name': 'Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11791', 'display_name': 'Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11048', 'display_name': 'Bacteriophages and microbial interactions', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fosmid', 'display_name': 'Fosmid', 'score': 0.6895674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-dna', 'display_name': 'Environmental DNA', 'score': 0.55097544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-diversity', 'display_name': 'Phylogenetic diversity', 'score': 0.521198}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/library', 'display_name': 'Library', 'score': 0.5001805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-artificial-chromosome', 'display_name': 'Bacterial artificial chromosome', 'score': 0.491551}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-microbiology', 'display_name': 'Soil microbiology', 'score': 0.4273925}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-dna', 'display_name': 'genomic DNA', 'score': 0.42152113}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15151743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903778', 'display_name': 'Metagenomics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8859689}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.82384133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127196793', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1439377', 'display_name': 'Fosmid', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6895674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779969263', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098939', 'display_name': 'Environmental DNA', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55097544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5328781}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98722961', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7189436', 'display_name': 'Phylogenetic diversity', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.521198}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1436000', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526826', 'display_name': 'Library', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5001805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.499192}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182901222', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419061', 'display_name': 'Bacterial artificial chromosome', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.491551}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779676784', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130999', 'display_name': 'Proteobacteria', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47985452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13575015', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1562492', 'display_name': 'Genomic library', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.43109038}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C172365310', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554937', 'display_name': 'Soil microbiology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4273925}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175605896', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39833', 'display_name': 'Microorganism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4237442}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17757408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135516', 'display_name': 'genomic DNA', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42152113}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C193252679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125', 'display_name': 'Phylogenetic tree', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.40504855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.39519596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42062724', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209205', 'display_name': '16S ribosomal RNA', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.34272963}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141231307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020', 'display_name': 'Genome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.30857855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2557029}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16011718}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130217890', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041', 'display_name': 'Biodiversity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.13003659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3017666073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764062', 'display_name': 'Base sequence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017753', 'descriptor_name': 'Ecosystem', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016680', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012988', 'descriptor_name': 'Soil Microbiology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000595', 'descriptor_name': 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000681', 'descriptor_name': 'Amylases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000681', 'descriptor_name': 'Amylases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002876', 'descriptor_name': 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003001', 'descriptor_name': 'Cloning, Molecular', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004269', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004269', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004269', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003851', 'descriptor_name': 'Deoxyribonucleases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003851', 'descriptor_name': 'Deoxyribonucleases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020459', 'descriptor_name': 'Genes, rRNA', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015698', 'descriptor_name': 'Genomic Library', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006461', 'descriptor_name': 'Hemolysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008049', 'descriptor_name': 'Lipase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008049', 'descriptor_name': 'Lipase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008969', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016366', 'descriptor_name': 'Open Reading Frames', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010802', 'descriptor_name': 'Phylogeny', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012336', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012336', 'descriptor_name': 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.6.2541-2547.2000', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S158228368', 'display_name': 'Applied and Environmental Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0099-2240', 'issn': ['0099-2240', '1070-6291', '1098-5336'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc110579', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc110579?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.906.5981', 'pdf_url': 'http://execdeanagriculture.rutgers.edu/pdfs/goodman-069.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC110579', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10831436', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc110579', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc110579?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.74, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'display_name': 'Life on land'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1480645851', 'https://openalex.org/W1540325334', 'https://openalex.org/W1551966235', 'https://openalex.org/W1569041852', 'https://openalex.org/W1972111118', 'https://openalex.org/W1973044939', 'https://openalex.org/W1988007171', 'https://openalex.org/W1990082546', 'https://openalex.org/W1991861473', 'https://openalex.org/W1996749102', 'https://openalex.org/W2013740990', 'https://openalex.org/W2018218203', 'https://openalex.org/W2031117804', 'https://openalex.org/W2043542212', 'https://openalex.org/W2052639391', 'https://openalex.org/W2054275184', 'https://openalex.org/W2055305007', 'https://openalex.org/W2056702887', 'https://openalex.org/W2057601877', 'https://openalex.org/W2064359314', 'https://openalex.org/W2075716829', 'https://openalex.org/W2095448507', 'https://openalex.org/W2097066978', 'https://openalex.org/W2105650917', 'https://openalex.org/W2118001436', 'https://openalex.org/W2122432523', 'https://openalex.org/W2131988453', 'https://openalex.org/W2142735254', 'https://openalex.org/W2143258005', 'https://openalex.org/W2158714788', 'https://openalex.org/W2159869703', 'https://openalex.org/W2160050864', 'https://openalex.org/W2176371198', 'https://openalex.org/W2267880147'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3197094478', 'https://openalex.org/W2398853658', 'https://openalex.org/W2369034457', 'https://openalex.org/W2359050771', 'https://openalex.org/W2119413948', 'https://openalex.org/W2054021237', 'https://openalex.org/W2037267940', 'https://openalex.org/W2029975231', 'https://openalex.org/W2027564077', 'https://openalex.org/W1483946786'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ABSTRACT': [0], 'Recent': [1], 'progress': [2], 'in': [3, 21, 31, 136], 'molecular': [4], 'microbial': [5, 19, 48, 112, 187], 'ecology': [6], 'has': [7], 'revealed': [8], 'that': [9, 101, 142, 150, 212, 226], 'traditional': [10], 'culturing': [11, 37], 'methods': [12, 41], 'fail': [13], 'to': [14, 42, 58, 157, 191, 208, 229], 'represent': [15], 'the': [16, 44, 98, 102, 121, 134, 147, 151, 192, 203, 219], 'scope': [17], 'of': [18, 28, 47, 61, 85, 89, 97, 111, 133, 195, 205, 221], 'diversity': [20, 110], 'nature,': [22], 'since': [23], 'only': [24], 'a': [25, 32, 52, 108, 181], 'small': [26], 'proportion': [27], 'viable': [29], 'microorganisms': [30, 225], 'sample': [33], 'are': [34, 180, 227], 'recovered': [35, 94], 'by': [36, 167, 224], 'techniques.': [38], 'To': [39, 71], 'develop': [40], 'investigate': [43], 'full': [45], 'extent': [46], 'diversity,': [49, 188], 'we': [50, 73], 'used': [51, 156], 'bacterial': [53], 'artificial': [54], 'chromosome': [55], '(BAC)': [56], 'vector': [57, 153], 'construct': [59], 'libraries': [60, 99, 104, 135, 179, 200], 'genomic': [62, 210], 'DNA': [63, 106], 'isolated': [64], 'directly': [65], 'from': [66, 95, 107, 116, 146], 'soil': [67, 186, 197], '(termed': [68], 'metagenomic': [69], 'libraries).': [70], 'date,': [72], 'have': [74], 'constructed': [75], 'two': [76], 'such': [77, 119], 'libraries,': [78], 'which': [79], 'contain': [80, 105], 'more': [81], 'than': [82], '1': [83], 'Gbp': [84], 'DNA.': [86, 163], 'Phylogenetic': [87], 'analysis': [88], '16S': [90], 'rRNA': [91], 'gene': [92], 'sequences': [93, 115], 'one': [96], 'indicates': [100], 'BAC': [103, 152], 'wide': [109], 'phyla,': [113], 'including': [114], 'diverse': [117], 'taxa': [118], 'as': [120], 'low-G+C,': [122], 'gram-positive': [123], 'Acidobacterium': [124], ',': [125, 127], 'Cytophagales': [126], 'and': [128, 160, 175, 215], 'Proteobacteria': [129], '.': [130], 'Initial': [131], 'screening': [132], 'Escherichia': [137], 'coli': [138], 'identified': [139], 'several': [140], 'clones': [141, 169], 'express': [143], 'heterologous': [144], 'genes': [145], 'inserts,': [148], 'confirming': [149], 'can': [154], 'be': [155, 202], 'maintain,': [158], 'express,': [159], 'analyze': [161], 'environmental': [162], 'The': [164], 'phenotypes': [165], 'expressed': [166], 'these': [168], 'include': [170], 'antibacterial,': [171], 'lipase,': [172], 'amylase,': [173], 'nuclease,': [174], 'hemolytic': [176], 'activities.': [177], 'Metagenomic': [178], 'powerful': [182], 'tool': [183], 'for': [184], 'exploring': [185], 'providing': [189], 'access': [190], 'genetic': [193], 'information': [194, 217], 'uncultured': [196], 'microorganisms.': [198], 'Such': [199], 'will': [201], 'basis': [204], 'new': [206], 'initiatives': [207], 'conduct': [209], 'studies': [211], 'link': [213], 'phylogenetic': [214], 'functional': [216], 'about': [218], 'microbiota': [220], 'environments': [222], 'dominated': [223], 'refractory': [228], 'cultivation.': [230]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2141929300', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 47}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 44}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 64}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 64}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-29T07:23:44.602132', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}