Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2141614766', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1017', 'title': 'US Hospital Payment Adjustments For Innovative Technology Lag Behind Those In Germany, France, And Japan', 'display_name': 'US Hospital Payment Adjustments For Innovative Technology Lag Behind Those In Germany, France, And Japan', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2141614766', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1017', 'mag': '2141614766', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25646106'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1017', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135745533', 'display_name': 'Health Affairs', 'issn_l': '0278-2715', 'issn': ['0278-2715', '2694-233X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315983', 'host_organization_name': 'Project HOPE', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315983'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Project HOPE'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1017', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054655688', 'display_name': 'John Hernandez', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-430X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088555', 'display_name': 'Abbott (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0052svj16', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088555']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4391012530', 'display_name': 'Abbott Vascular (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05d67dc31', 'country_code': None, 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088555', 'https://openalex.org/I4391012530']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210099913', 'display_name': 'Health Outcomes Solutions (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0173ksf49', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210099913']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John Hernandez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['John Hernandez ( ) is divisional vice president of Health Economics and Outcomes Research at Abbott Vascular, in Santa Clara, California.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'John Hernandez ( ) is divisional vice president of Health Economics and Outcomes Research at Abbott Vascular, in Santa Clara, California.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088555', 'https://openalex.org/I4391012530', 'https://openalex.org/I4210099913']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055530431', 'display_name': 'Susanne F. Machacz', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I3019813218', 'display_name': 'Abbott (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03wnay029', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I3019813218', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088555']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4391012530', 'display_name': 'Abbott Vascular (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05d67dc31', 'country_code': None, 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088555', 'https://openalex.org/I4391012530']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133813', 'display_name': 'Health Economics and Outcomes Research (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047933096', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133813']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Susanne F. Machacz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Susanne F. Machacz is senior manager of Health Economics and Outcomes Research at Abbott Vascular.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Susanne F. Machacz is senior manager of Health Economics and Outcomes Research at Abbott Vascular.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3019813218', 'https://openalex.org/I4391012530', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133813']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053143136', 'display_name': 'James C. Robinson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0056-3017'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I95457486', 'display_name': 'University of California, Berkeley', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an7q238', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James C. Robinson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['James C. Robinson ( ) is the Leonard D. Schaeffer Professor of Health Economics and director of the Berkeley Center for Health Technology, School of Public Health, at the University of California, Berkeley.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'James C. Robinson ( ) is the Leonard D. Schaeffer Professor of Health Economics and director of the Berkeley Center for Health Technology, School of Public Health, at the University of California, Berkeley.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.979, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 21, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.952087, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '34', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '261', 'last_page': '270'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10391', 'display_name': 'Healthcare Policy and Management', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10391', 'display_name': 'Healthcare Policy and Management', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10804', 'display_name': 'Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life', 'score': 0.9978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11590', 'display_name': 'Primary Care and Health Outcomes', 'score': 0.995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/prospective-payment-system', 'display_name': 'Prospective payment system', 'score': 0.59511274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/value', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'score': 0.46694008}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/health-technology', 'display_name': 'Health Technology', 'score': 0.42716333}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145097563', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747', 'display_name': 'Payment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.82055545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779245251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250835', 'display_name': 'Prospective payment system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.59511274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49329844}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776291640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46694008}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21333345', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519843', 'display_name': 'Health technology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42716333}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162118730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453', 'display_name': 'Actuarial science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.412019}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31364805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3008575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160735492', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207', 'display_name': 'Health care', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.21824375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13707721}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12840605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D014487', 'descriptor_name': 'Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000191', 'qualifier_name': 'economics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004469', 'descriptor_name': 'Economics, Hospital', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019458', 'descriptor_name': 'Insurance Coverage', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000191', 'qualifier_name': 'economics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011445', 'descriptor_name': 'Prospective Payment System', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000191', 'qualifier_name': 'economics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013673', 'descriptor_name': 'Technology Assessment, Biomedical', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000191', 'qualifier_name': 'economics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014487', 'descriptor_name': 'Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014487', 'descriptor_name': 'Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003365', 'descriptor_name': 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003431', 'descriptor_name': 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003953', 'descriptor_name': 'Diagnosis-Related Groups', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005602', 'descriptor_name': 'France', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005858', 'descriptor_name': 'Germany', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019458', 'descriptor_name': 'Insurance Coverage', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000639', 'qualifier_name': 'trends', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019458', 'descriptor_name': 'Insurance Coverage', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019458', 'descriptor_name': 'Insurance Coverage', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007564', 'descriptor_name': 'Japan', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010343', 'descriptor_name': 'Patient Admission', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000191', 'qualifier_name': 'economics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010343', 'descriptor_name': 'Patient Admission', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010343', 'descriptor_name': 'Patient Admission', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011445', 'descriptor_name': 'Prospective Payment System', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011445', 'descriptor_name': 'Prospective Payment System', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011445', 'descriptor_name': 'Prospective Payment System', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000639', 'qualifier_name': 'trends', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012189', 'descriptor_name': 'Retrospective Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012720', 'descriptor_name': 'Severity of Illness Index', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013673', 'descriptor_name': 'Technology Assessment, Biomedical', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013673', 'descriptor_name': 'Technology Assessment, Biomedical', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013673', 'descriptor_name': 'Technology Assessment, Biomedical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1017', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135745533', 'display_name': 'Health Affairs', 'issn_l': '0278-2715', 'issn': ['0278-2715', '2694-233X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315983', 'host_organization_name': 'Project HOPE', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315983'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Project HOPE'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ft202ts', 'pdf_url': 'https://escholarship.org/content/qt5ft202ts/qt5ft202ts.pdf?t=o9dulo', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400115', 'display_name': 'eScholarship (California Digital Library)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2801248553', 'host_organization_name': 'California Digital Library', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801248553'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['California Digital Library'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25646106', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1017', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135745533', 'display_name': 'Health Affairs', 'issn_l': '0278-2715', 'issn': ['0278-2715', '2694-233X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315983', 'host_organization_name': 'Project HOPE', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315983'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Project HOPE'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.58, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 8, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1807558812', 'https://openalex.org/W1965252438', 'https://openalex.org/W1980556281', 'https://openalex.org/W2004221764', 'https://openalex.org/W2046263238', 'https://openalex.org/W2067562547', 'https://openalex.org/W2130361307', 'https://openalex.org/W2141155304'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4302339525', 'https://openalex.org/W4302081957', 'https://openalex.org/W4300721628', 'https://openalex.org/W4300439079', 'https://openalex.org/W4300420304', 'https://openalex.org/W4299699379', 'https://openalex.org/W4298725166', 'https://openalex.org/W4298202379', 'https://openalex.org/W2062604461', 'https://openalex.org/W131596847'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Medicare': [0, 96], 'pioneered': [1], 'add-on': [2, 49, 83], 'payments': [3, 97, 146, 171], 'to': [4, 128, 144, 166, 176, 181], 'facilitate': [5], 'the': [6, 39, 80, 89, 104, 114, 174, 184], 'adoption': [7], 'of': [8, 76, 113, 186], 'innovative': [9, 125], 'technologies': [10], 'under': [11], 'its': [12, 53], 'hospital': [13, 46], 'prospective': [14, 152], 'payment': [15, 26, 50, 62, 84, 131, 155], 'system.': [16], 'US': [17, 120], 'policy': [18], 'makers': [19], 'are': [20], 'now': [21], 'experimenting': [22], 'with': [23, 44, 60], 'broader': [24], 'value-based': [25, 154, 170], 'initiatives,': [27], 'but': [28], 'these': [29], 'have': [30], 'not': [31, 197], 'been': [32], 'adjusted': [33], 'for': [34, 79, 147, 173, 183, 201], 'innovation.': [35], 'This': [36], 'article': [37], 'examines': [38], 'structure,': [40], 'processes,': [41], 'and': [42, 57, 67, 71, 109, 136, 153], 'experience': [43], "Medicare's": [45], 'new': [47, 81, 148, 187], 'technology': [48, 82, 130], 'program': [51, 90, 121], 'since': [52], 'inception': [54], 'in': [55, 64, 92, 95, 98, 133, 168], '2001': [56, 70], 'compares': [58], 'it': [59, 141, 195], 'analogous': [61, 129], 'systems': [63, 156], 'Germany,': [65, 134], 'France,': [66], 'Japan.': [68, 137], 'Between': [69], '2015': [72], 'CMS': [73, 190], 'approved': [74, 122], 'nineteen': [75], 'fifty-three': [77], 'applications': [78], 'program.': [85], 'We': [86, 138], 'found': [87], 'that': [88, 140], 'resulted': [91], '$201.7': [93], 'million': [94], 'fiscal': [99], 'years': [100], '2002-13-less': [101], 'than': [102], 'half': [103], 'level': [105], 'anticipated': [106], 'by': [107, 117], 'Congress': [108], 'only': [110], '34': [111], 'percent': [112], 'amount': [115], 'projected': [116], 'CMS.': [118], 'The': [119, 162], 'considerably': [123], 'fewer': [124], 'technologies,': [126], 'compared': [127], 'mechanisms': [132], 'France': [135], 'conclude': [139], 'is': [142, 172], 'important': [143], 'adjust': [145, 178], 'medical': [149], 'innovations': [150], 'within': [151], 'explicitly': [157], 'as': [158, 160], 'well': [159], 'implicitly.': [161], 'most': [163], 'straightforward': [164], 'method': [165], 'use': [167], 'adjusting': [169], 'insurer': [175], 'retrospectively': [177], 'spending': [179], 'targets': [180], 'account': [182], 'cost': [185], 'technologies.': [188], 'If': [189], 'made': [191], 'such': [192], 'retrospective': [193], 'adjustments,': [194], 'would': [196], 'financially': [198], 'penalize': [199], 'hospitals': [200], 'adopting': [202], 'beneficial': [203], 'innovations.': [204]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2141614766', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-12T22:56:51.042155', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}