Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2141224535', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/72.761722', 'title': 'Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for independent component analysis', 'display_name': 'Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for independent component analysis', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2141224535', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/72.761722', 'mag': '2141224535', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18252563'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/72.761722', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S42080949', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks', 'issn_l': '1045-9227', 'issn': ['1045-9227', '1941-0093'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/ahyvarin/papers/TNN99_reprint.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061498233', 'display_name': 'Aapo Hyvärinen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5806-4432'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I133731052', 'display_name': 'University of Helsinki', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040af2s02', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Hyvarinen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Lab. of Comput. & Inf. Sci., Helsinki Univ., Finland]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Lab. of Comput. & Inf. Sci., Helsinki Univ., Finland]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5061498233'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 51.754, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 6065, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999317, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '10', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '626', 'last_page': '634'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11447', 'display_name': 'Blind Source Separation Techniques', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1711', 'display_name': 'Signal Processing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11447', 'display_name': 'Blind Source Separation Techniques', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1711', 'display_name': 'Signal Processing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10640', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1602', 'display_name': 'Analytical Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11871', 'display_name': 'Advanced Statistical Methods and Models', 'score': 0.9834, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/projection-pursuit', 'display_name': 'Projection pursuit', 'score': 0.45208728}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy-estimation', 'display_name': 'Entropy estimation', 'score': 0.42867082}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51432778', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145', 'display_name': 'Independent component analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.84588873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185429906', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160', 'display_name': 'Estimator', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6295829}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5521841}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106301342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933', 'display_name': 'Entropy (arrow of time)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5433134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5289105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776502983', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182', 'display_name': 'Contrast (vision)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5267897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C152139883', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973', 'display_name': 'Mutual information', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5160377}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118038509', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382970', 'display_name': 'Projection pursuit', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45208728}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44230407}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57493831', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666', 'display_name': 'Projection (relational algebra)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43871826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95546049', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345207', 'display_name': 'Entropy estimation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42867082}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.37626922}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126255220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical optimization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36884832}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35032544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14031449}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/72.761722', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S42080949', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks', 'issn_l': '1045-9227', 'issn': ['1045-9227', '1941-0093'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.297.8229', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/ahyvarin/papers/TNN99_reprint.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18252563', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.297.8229', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/ahyvarin/papers/TNN99_reprint.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 40, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1491770470', 'https://openalex.org/W1534416612', 'https://openalex.org/W153519981', 'https://openalex.org/W1663608671', 'https://openalex.org/W1667165204', 'https://openalex.org/W1762709062', 'https://openalex.org/W1788696583', 'https://openalex.org/W1926981477', 'https://openalex.org/W1964724001', 'https://openalex.org/W1966382716', 'https://openalex.org/W1972322883', 'https://openalex.org/W1977067929', 'https://openalex.org/W1990007244', 'https://openalex.org/W1996355918', 'https://openalex.org/W2019502123', 'https://openalex.org/W2050616618', 'https://openalex.org/W2082612735', 'https://openalex.org/W2096789154', 'https://openalex.org/W2099111195', 'https://openalex.org/W2099741732', 'https://openalex.org/W2101933716', 'https://openalex.org/W2108384452', 'https://openalex.org/W2112575974', 'https://openalex.org/W2128967371', 'https://openalex.org/W2133069808', 'https://openalex.org/W2137234026', 'https://openalex.org/W2141622014', 'https://openalex.org/W2145012779', 'https://openalex.org/W2145624369', 'https://openalex.org/W2145889472', 'https://openalex.org/W2147618476', 'https://openalex.org/W2335487254', 'https://openalex.org/W2620898487', 'https://openalex.org/W2795528501', 'https://openalex.org/W4212869706', 'https://openalex.org/W4238957295', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4301253858', 'https://openalex.org/W5731987', 'https://openalex.org/W81409850'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W70821309', 'https://openalex.org/W2889217016', 'https://openalex.org/W2385132419', 'https://openalex.org/W2137701558', 'https://openalex.org/W2112100270', 'https://openalex.org/W2111587777', 'https://openalex.org/W1994358135', 'https://openalex.org/W1974715691', 'https://openalex.org/W1878983720', 'https://openalex.org/W1576537667'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Independent': [0], 'component': [1], 'analysis': [2], '(ICA)': [3], 'is': [4, 112], 'a': [5, 29, 56], 'statistical': [6, 90], 'method': [7], 'for': [8, 35, 62, 132], 'transforming': [9], 'an': [10], 'observed': [11], 'multidimensional': [12], 'random': [13], 'vector': [14], 'into': [15], 'components': [16, 84], 'that': [17, 119], 'are': [18, 100, 120], 'statistically': [19], 'as': [20, 25, 85], 'independent': [21, 83], 'from': [22], 'each': [23], 'other': [24], 'possible.': [26], 'We': [27], 'use': [28], 'combination': [30], 'of': [31, 51, 58, 71, 81, 92, 105, 123, 135], 'two': [32], 'different': [33], 'approaches': [34], 'linear': [36, 107], 'ICA:': [37], "Comon's": [38], 'information': [39], 'theoretic': [40], 'approach': [41], 'and': [42, 79, 110], 'the': [43, 69, 72, 93, 103, 106, 136], 'projection': [44, 86], 'pursuit': [45, 87], 'approach.': [46], 'Using': [47], 'maximum': [48], 'entropy': [49], 'approximations': [50], 'differential': [52], 'entropy,': [53], 'we': [54, 127], 'introduce': [55, 128], 'family': [57], 'new': [59], 'contrast': [60, 65, 98, 117, 137], 'functions': [61, 66, 99, 118], 'ICA.': [63], 'These': [64], 'enable': [67], 'both': [68], 'estimation': [70, 80], 'whole': [73], 'decomposition': [74], 'by': [75], 'minimizing': [76], 'mutual': [77], 'information,': [78], 'individual': [82], 'directions.': [88], 'The': [89], 'properties': [91], 'estimators': [94], 'based': [95], 'on': [96], 'such': [97], 'analyzed': [101], 'under': [102], 'assumption': [104], 'mixture': [108], 'model,': [109], 'it': [111], 'shown': [113], 'how': [114], 'to': [115], 'choose': [116], 'robust': [121], 'and/or': [122], 'minimum': [124], 'variance.': [125], 'Finally,': [126], 'simple': [129], 'fixed-point': [130], 'algorithms': [131], 'practical': [133], 'optimization': [134], 'functions.': [138]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2141224535', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 209}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 249}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 234}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 302}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 273}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 257}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 283}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 279}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 269}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 283}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 341}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 302}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 320}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-06T04:59:54.421615', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}