Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2140630012', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5448.2333', 'title': 'Origin of the West Nile Virus Responsible for an Outbreak of Encephalitis in the Northeastern United States', 'display_name': 'Origin of the West Nile Virus Responsible for an Outbreak of Encephalitis in the Northeastern United States', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-12-17', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2140630012', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5448.2333', 'mag': '2140630012', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10600742'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5448.2333', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3880285', 'display_name': 'Science', 'issn_l': '0036-8075', 'issn': ['0036-8075', '1095-9203'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052474853', 'display_name': 'Robert S. Lanciotti', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'display_name': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042twtr12', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'display_name': 'National Center for Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmke174', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. S. Lanciotti', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039295142', 'display_name': 'John T. Roehrig', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-0479'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'display_name': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042twtr12', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'display_name': 'National Center for Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmke174', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. T. Roehrig', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101963512', 'display_name': 'Vincent Deubel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-3893'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157536573', 'display_name': 'Institut Pasteur', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0495fxg12', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157536573']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'V. Deubel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur–Paris, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur–Paris, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I157536573']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102771512', 'display_name': 'Jessica L. Smith', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8153-2484'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Smith', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Divisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Divisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052591857', 'display_name': 'Michael D. Parker', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3303-2418'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Parker', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Divisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Divisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109166659', 'display_name': 'Keith E. Steele', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Steele', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Divisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Divisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035835956', 'display_name': 'Bruce Crise', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'display_name': 'United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pveve47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2801122164', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B. Crise', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Divisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Divisions of Virology and Pathology, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801122164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086221851', 'display_name': 'Katharine E. Volpe', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'display_name': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042twtr12', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'display_name': 'National Center for Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmke174', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. E. Volpe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016363527', 'display_name': 'Mary B. Crabtree', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'display_name': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042twtr12', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'display_name': 'National Center for Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmke174', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. B. Crabtree', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112901222', 'display_name': 'J. Scherret', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. H. Scherret', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042392287', 'display_name': 'Roy A. Hall', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-1387'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. A. Hall', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047928870', 'display_name': 'J. S. Mackenzie', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-2190'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. S. MacKenzie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066509451', 'display_name': 'C. Bruce Cropp', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'display_name': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042twtr12', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'display_name': 'National Center for Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmke174', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. B. Cropp', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060239659', 'display_name': 'B. Panigrahy', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288380561', 'display_name': 'Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0599wfz09', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288380561', 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B. Panigrahy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288380561']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111653377', 'display_name': 'Eileen N. Ostlund', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288380561', 'display_name': 'Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0599wfz09', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288380561', 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E. Ostlund', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288380561']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061333867', 'display_name': 'Beverly J. Schmitt', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288380561', 'display_name': 'Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0599wfz09', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288380561', 'https://openalex.org/I1336096307']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B. Schmitt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288380561']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109936188', 'display_name': 'M. Malkinson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159495', 'display_name': 'Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05e6hcm17', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159495']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Malkinson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, Israel.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, Israel.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159495']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086668396', 'display_name': 'C. Banet', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159495', 'display_name': 'Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05e6hcm17', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159495']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Banet', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, Israel.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, Israel.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159495']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026989437', 'display_name': 'J. Weissman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159495', 'display_name': 'Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05e6hcm17', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159495']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Weissman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, Israel.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit-Dagon 50250, Israel.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159495']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110219905', 'display_name': 'Nicholas Komar', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'display_name': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042twtr12', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'display_name': 'National Center for Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmke174', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'N. Komar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111797760', 'display_name': 'Harry M. Savage', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'display_name': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042twtr12', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'display_name': 'National Center for Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmke174', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'H. M. Savage', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110113747', 'display_name': 'Ward B. Stone', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1296787989', 'display_name': 'New York State Department of Environmental Conservation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03p7fww37', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1296787989']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. Stone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Wildlife Pathology Unit, Division of Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Delmar, NY 12054, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Wildlife Pathology Unit, Division of Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Delmar, NY 12054, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1296787989']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063582244', 'display_name': 'Tracey McNamara', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1332460256', 'display_name': 'Wildlife Conservation Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01xnsst08', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1332460256']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. McNamara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1332460256']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110882685', 'display_name': 'Duane J. Gubler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'display_name': 'National Center for Infectious Diseases', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vmke174', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160401']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'display_name': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042twtr12', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1289490764', 'https://openalex.org/I1299022934']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. J. Gubler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160401', 'https://openalex.org/I1289490764']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 9, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 78.662, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1593, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999927, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '286', 'issue': '5448', 'first_page': '2333', 'last_page': '2337'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10166', 'display_name': 'Mosquito-borne diseases and control', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10166', 'display_name': 'Mosquito-borne diseases and control', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12047', 'display_name': 'Viral Infections and Vectors', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10091', 'display_name': 'Malaria Research and Control', 'score': 0.988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/flavivirus', 'display_name': 'Flavivirus', 'score': 0.7651986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/encephalitis-viruses', 'display_name': 'Encephalitis Viruses', 'score': 0.47368148}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/west-nile-virus', 'display_name': 'West Nile virus', 'score': 0.46999654}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7733393}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116675565', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045', 'display_name': 'Outbreak', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7664287}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780568436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165479', 'display_name': 'Flavivirus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7651986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.64211714}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83455156', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199615', 'display_name': 'Encephalitis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5959875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522874641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808', 'display_name': 'Virus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5837886}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779141303', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738292', 'display_name': 'Japanese encephalitis', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5444109}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781126499', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16529344', 'display_name': 'Goose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51927114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908928554', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199615', 'display_name': 'Encephalitis Viruses', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47368148}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776866189', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158856', 'display_name': 'West Nile virus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46999654}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.117661566}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004196', 'descriptor_name': 'Disease Outbreaks', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014901', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile Fever', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000821', 'qualifier_name': 'virology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014901', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile Fever', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014902', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile virus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014902', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile virus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000595', 'descriptor_name': 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000911', 'descriptor_name': 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000911', 'descriptor_name': 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000914', 'descriptor_name': 'Antibodies, Viral', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000914', 'descriptor_name': 'Antibodies, Viral', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001483', 'descriptor_name': 'Base Sequence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001715', 'descriptor_name': 'Bird Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001715', 'descriptor_name': 'Bird Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001715', 'descriptor_name': 'Bird Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000821', 'qualifier_name': 'virology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001717', 'descriptor_name': 'Birds', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001717', 'descriptor_name': 'Birds', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000821', 'qualifier_name': 'virology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018349', 'descriptor_name': 'Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018349', 'descriptor_name': 'Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018349', 'descriptor_name': 'Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019084', 'descriptor_name': 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016679', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome, Viral', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008969', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009511', 'descriptor_name': 'New England', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009511', 'descriptor_name': 'New England', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009519', 'descriptor_name': 'New York City', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009519', 'descriptor_name': 'New York City', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010802', 'descriptor_name': 'Phylogeny', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020308', 'descriptor_name': 'Songbirds', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000821', 'qualifier_name': 'virology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020308', 'descriptor_name': 'Songbirds', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014759', 'descriptor_name': 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014759', 'descriptor_name': 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014759', 'descriptor_name': 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014759', 'descriptor_name': 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014901', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile Fever', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000662', 'qualifier_name': 'veterinary', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014901', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile Fever', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014902', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile virus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014902', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile virus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014902', 'descriptor_name': 'West Nile virus', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5448.2333', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3880285', 'display_name': 'Science', 'issn_l': '0036-8075', 'issn': ['0036-8075', '1095-9203'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10600742', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.41, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 18, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1278012999', 'https://openalex.org/W1514647402', 'https://openalex.org/W1894011641', 'https://openalex.org/W1911753321', 'https://openalex.org/W1970455211', 'https://openalex.org/W2013820517', 'https://openalex.org/W2027598863', 'https://openalex.org/W2046051533', 'https://openalex.org/W2051976869', 'https://openalex.org/W2062407731', 'https://openalex.org/W2102102802', 'https://openalex.org/W2102424972', 'https://openalex.org/W2105724600', 'https://openalex.org/W2105926960', 'https://openalex.org/W2118911422', 'https://openalex.org/W2417092441', 'https://openalex.org/W278294052', 'https://openalex.org/W55249022'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3149977897', 'https://openalex.org/W3029606959', 'https://openalex.org/W2885999504', 'https://openalex.org/W2527201772', 'https://openalex.org/W2410929450', 'https://openalex.org/W2401247261', 'https://openalex.org/W2178499382', 'https://openalex.org/W2154196920', 'https://openalex.org/W2075333029', 'https://openalex.org/W1480732198'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'late': [1], 'summer': [2], '1999,': [3], 'an': [4], 'outbreak': [5], 'of': [6, 30, 45, 52, 64], 'human': [7, 79, 97], 'encephalitis': [8], 'occurred': [9], 'in': [10, 21, 38, 88, 132, 134], 'the': [11, 28, 39, 50, 96], 'northeastern': [12], 'United': [13], 'States': [14], 'that': [15, 82], 'was': [16, 93, 119], 'concurrent': [17], 'with': [18, 60, 101], 'extensive': [19], 'mortality': [20], 'crows': [22], '(Corvus': [23], 'species)': [24], 'as': [25, 27, 112], 'well': [26], 'deaths': [29], 'several': [31, 71], 'exotic': [32], 'birds': [33], 'at': [34], 'a': [35, 46, 53, 124, 129], 'zoological': [36], 'park': [37], 'same': [40], 'area.': [41], 'Complete': [42], 'genome': [43], 'sequencing': [44], 'flavivirus': [47], 'isolated': [48, 127], 'from': [49, 70, 128], 'brain': [51], 'dead': [54, 130], 'Chilean': [55], 'flamingo': [56], '(Phoenicopterus': [57], 'chilensis),': [58], 'together': [59], 'partial': [61], 'sequence': [62], 'analysis': [63, 108], 'envelope': [65], 'glycoprotein': [66], '(E-glycoprotein)': [67], 'genes': [68], 'amplified': [69], 'other': [72], 'species': [73], 'including': [74], 'mosquitoes': [75], 'and': [76, 92, 105], 'two': [77], 'fatal': [78], 'cases,': [80], 'revealed': [81], 'West': [83], 'Nile': [84], '(WN)': [85], 'virus': [86, 118, 126], 'circulated': [87], 'natural': [89], 'transmission': [90], 'cycles': [91], 'responsible': [94], 'for': [95], 'disease.': [98], 'Antigenic': [99], 'mapping': [100], 'E-glycoprotein-specific': [102], 'monoclonal': [103], 'antibodies': [104], 'E-glycoprotein': [106], 'phylogenetic': [107], 'confirmed': [109], 'these': [110], 'viruses': [111], 'WN.': [113], 'This': [114], 'North': [115], 'American': [116], 'WN': [117, 125], 'most': [120], 'closely': [121], 'related': [122], 'to': [123], 'goose': [131], 'Israel': [133], '1998.': [135]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2140630012', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 44}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 55}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 99}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 79}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-30T00:45:54.798059', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}