Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2139002764', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.4.739', 'title': 'The structure of plasmodesmata as revealed by plasmolysis, detergent extraction, and protease digestion.', 'display_name': 'The structure of plasmodesmata as revealed by plasmolysis, detergent extraction, and protease digestion.', 'publication_year': 1991, 'publication_date': '1991-02-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2139002764', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.4.739', 'mag': '2139002764', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1993740', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2288846'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.4.739', 'pdf_url': 'https://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/112/4/739/1060917/739.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96410829', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Cell Biology', 'issn_l': '0021-9525', 'issn': ['0021-9525', '1540-8140'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315676', 'host_organization_name': 'Rockefeller University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315676'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Rockefeller University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/112/4/739/1060917/739.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111549144', 'display_name': 'L G Tilney', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L G Tilney', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109240830', 'display_name': 'Todd J. Cooke', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T J Cooke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019775924', 'display_name': 'Patricia S. Connelly', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P S Connelly', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109938223', 'display_name': 'M S Tilney', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79576946', 'display_name': 'University of Pennsylvania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b30xv10', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M S Tilney', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79576946']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.903, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 123, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.959542, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '112', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '739', 'last_page': '747'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10240', 'display_name': 'Plant tissue culture and regeneration', 'score': 0.9936, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10240', 'display_name': 'Plant tissue culture and regeneration', 'score': 0.9936, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11470', 'display_name': 'Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis', 'score': 0.9863, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11247', 'display_name': 'Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism', 'score': 0.9745, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodesma', 'display_name': 'Plasmodesma', 'score': 0.9760551}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmolysis', 'display_name': 'Plasmolysis', 'score': 0.70261514}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169727747', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134046', 'display_name': 'Plasmodesma', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9760551}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32652394', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898668', 'display_name': 'Plasmolysis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.70261514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6317527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12554922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100', 'display_name': 'Biophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6252095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158617107', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79927', 'display_name': 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6108602}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5664732}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182220744', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251226', 'display_name': 'Proteases', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45032257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125235067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128700', 'display_name': 'Cell wall', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4412777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40657732}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25211674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.10308626}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D007365', 'descriptor_name': 'Intercellular Junctions', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000648', 'qualifier_name': 'ultrastructure', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010944', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000648', 'qualifier_name': 'ultrastructure', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002473', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Wall', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002473', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Wall', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000648', 'qualifier_name': 'ultrastructure', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003902', 'descriptor_name': 'Detergents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010450', 'descriptor_name': 'Endopeptidases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007365', 'descriptor_name': 'Intercellular Junctions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D063245', 'descriptor_name': 'Plant Development', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010944', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011523', 'descriptor_name': 'Protoplasts', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000648', 'qualifier_name': 'ultrastructure', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011523', 'descriptor_name': 'Protoplasts', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.4.739', 'pdf_url': 'https://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/112/4/739/1060917/739.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96410829', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Cell Biology', 'issn_l': '0021-9525', 'issn': ['0021-9525', '1540-8140'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315676', 'host_organization_name': 'Rockefeller University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315676'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Rockefeller University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2288846', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2288846?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-sa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2288846', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1993740', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.4.739', 'pdf_url': 'https://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/112/4/739/1060917/739.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96410829', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Cell Biology', 'issn_l': '0021-9525', 'issn': ['0021-9525', '1540-8140'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315676', 'host_organization_name': 'Rockefeller University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315676'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Rockefeller University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.5}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W150702841', 'https://openalex.org/W1971340371', 'https://openalex.org/W2015607033', 'https://openalex.org/W2022586495', 'https://openalex.org/W2042517743', 'https://openalex.org/W2045666611', 'https://openalex.org/W2056056840', 'https://openalex.org/W2072002056', 'https://openalex.org/W2076461161', 'https://openalex.org/W2082062368', 'https://openalex.org/W2085577052', 'https://openalex.org/W2087381991', 'https://openalex.org/W2109401564', 'https://openalex.org/W2146317160', 'https://openalex.org/W2171550628', 'https://openalex.org/W2179384472', 'https://openalex.org/W2616512566', 'https://openalex.org/W2911236119', 'https://openalex.org/W361534980', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W82094632'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2170668613', 'https://openalex.org/W2165697491', 'https://openalex.org/W2157620028', 'https://openalex.org/W2139002764', 'https://openalex.org/W2118095887', 'https://openalex.org/W2106779559', 'https://openalex.org/W2077776152', 'https://openalex.org/W2072563749', 'https://openalex.org/W2032763267', 'https://openalex.org/W2005694028'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Plasmodesmata': [0], 'or': [1, 69, 138], 'intercellular': [2], 'bridges': [3], 'that': [4, 28, 172, 184], 'connect': [5], 'plant': [6], 'cells': [7, 112], 'are': [8, 210], 'cylindrical': [9], 'channels': [10], 'approximately': [11], '40': [12], 'nm': [13], 'in': [14, 44, 102, 125, 204, 221], 'diameter.': [15], 'Running': [16], 'through': [17], 'the': [18, 26, 32, 47, 52, 60, 64, 71, 77, 86, 90, 94, 111, 121, 126, 134, 144, 148, 153, 157, 165, 173, 188], 'center': [19], 'of': [20, 35, 143, 147, 207], 'each': [21, 180], 'is': [22, 29, 66, 80, 199], 'a': [23, 176], 'dense': [24], 'rod,': [25], 'desmotubule,': [27], 'connected': [30], 'to': [31, 51, 82, 201, 213], 'endoplasmic': [33], 'reticulum': [34], 'adjacent': [36], 'cells.': [37], 'Fern,': [38], 'Onoclea': [39], 'sensibilis,': [40], 'gametophytes': [41], 'were': [42, 105], 'cut': [43, 48, 78], 'half': [45], 'and': [46, 100, 107, 164, 169, 196], 'surfaces': [49], 'exposed': [50, 81], 'detergent,': [53], 'Triton': [54], 'X': [55], '100,': [56], 'then': [57, 84, 108], 'fixed.': [58, 109], 'Although': [59], 'plasma': [61, 91, 145], 'membrane': [62, 92, 146], 'limiting': [63, 93], 'plasmodesma': [65, 158], 'solubilized': [67], 'partially': [68], 'completely,': [70], 'desmotubule': [72, 87, 154, 174], 'remains': [73, 96, 155], 'intact.': [74], 'Alternatively,': [75], 'if': [76], 'surface': [79], 'papain,': [83], 'fixed,': [85], 'disappears,': [88], 'but': [89, 191], 'plasmodesmata': [95, 122], 'intact': [97], 'albeit': [98], 'swollen': [99], 'irregular': [101], 'profile.': [103], 'Gametophytes': [104], 'plasmolyzed,': [106], 'As': [110], 'retract': [113], 'from': [114], 'their': [115], 'cell': [116, 127, 135, 149], 'walls': [117], 'they': [118], 'leave': [119], 'behind': [120], 'still': [123], 'inserted': [124], 'wall.': [128], 'They': [129], 'can': [130, 139], 'break': [131], 'cleanly': [132], 'when': [133], 'proper': [136], 'retracts': [137], 'pull': [140], 'away': [141], 'portions': [142], 'with': [150, 167], 'them.': [151], 'Where': [152], 'intact,': [156], 'retains': [159], 'its': [160, 194], 'shape.': [161], 'These': [162], 'images': [163], 'results': [166], 'detergents': [168], 'proteases': [170], 'indicate': [171], 'provides': [175], 'cytoskeletal': [177], 'element': [178, 183], 'for': [179, 220], 'plasmodesma,': [181], 'an': [182], 'not': [185], 'only': [186], 'stabilizes': [187], 'whole': [189], 'structure,': [190], 'also': [192], 'limits': [193], 'size': [195], 'porosity.': [197], 'It': [198], 'likely': [200], 'be': [202], 'composed': [203], 'large': [205], 'part': [206], 'protein.': [208], 'Suggestions': [209], 'made': [211], 'as': [212], 'why': [214], 'this': [215], 'structure': [216], 'has': [217], 'been': [218], 'selected': [219], 'evolution.': [222]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2139002764', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T09:22:52.757177', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}