Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2134958435', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12788', 'title': 'The Arabidopsis <i>Exine Formation Defect</i> (<i><scp>EFD</scp></i>) gene is required for primexine patterning and is critical for pollen fertility', 'display_name': 'The Arabidopsis <i>Exine Formation Defect</i> (<i><scp>EFD</scp></i>) gene is required for primexine patterning and is critical for pollen fertility', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-04-03', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2134958435', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12788', 'mag': '2134958435', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24697753'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12788', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58631098', 'display_name': 'New Phytologist', 'issn_l': '0028-646X', 'issn': ['0028-646X', '1469-8137'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101582684', 'display_name': 'Jun Hu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-8118'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I37461747', 'display_name': 'Wuhan University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033vjfk17', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I37461747']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jun Hu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I37461747']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039656689', 'display_name': 'Zhaodan Wang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I37461747', 'display_name': 'Wuhan University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033vjfk17', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I37461747']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhaodan Wang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I37461747']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079883906', 'display_name': 'Liyao Zhang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I37461747', 'display_name': 'Wuhan University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033vjfk17', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I37461747']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Liyao Zhang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I37461747']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110236324', 'display_name': 'Meng‐xiang Sun', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I37461747', 'display_name': 'Wuhan University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033vjfk17', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I37461747']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Meng‐xiang Sun', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Plant Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I37461747']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 5510, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5510, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.044, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 38, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.871928, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '203', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '140', 'last_page': '154'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11927', 'display_name': 'Plant Reproductive Biology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11927', 'display_name': 'Plant Reproductive Biology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10184', 'display_name': 'Plant Molecular Biology Research', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10240', 'display_name': 'Plant tissue culture and regeneration', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/callose', 'display_name': 'Callose', 'score': 0.9437921}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tapetum', 'display_name': 'Tapetum', 'score': 0.92116207}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sporopollenin', 'display_name': 'Sporopollenin', 'score': 0.9014938}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121807389', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2452297', 'display_name': 'Microspore', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.96696496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781246400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425282', 'display_name': 'Callose', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9437921}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147251661', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414075', 'display_name': 'Tapetum', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.92116207}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167196801', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067743', 'display_name': 'Sporopollenin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9014938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780618852', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932', 'display_name': 'Pollen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8270154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7511281}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779491563', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157892', 'display_name': 'Arabidopsis', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6829509}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29172406', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103129', 'display_name': 'Stamen', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.57857955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5145325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148196450', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21100485', 'display_name': 'Meiosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48031658}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47539672}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143065580', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695', 'display_name': 'Mutant', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.28492427}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27553254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125235067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128700', 'display_name': 'Cell wall', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2549929}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20827892}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D017360', 'descriptor_name': 'Arabidopsis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029681', 'descriptor_name': 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015254', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Modification Methylases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011058', 'descriptor_name': 'Pollen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017360', 'descriptor_name': 'Arabidopsis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017360', 'descriptor_name': 'Arabidopsis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029681', 'descriptor_name': 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D029681', 'descriptor_name': 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019175', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Methylation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015254', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Modification Methylases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015254', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Modification Methylases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D056130', 'descriptor_name': 'Gametogenesis, Plant', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D056130', 'descriptor_name': 'Gametogenesis, Plant', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018507', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018506', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016254', 'descriptor_name': 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051479', 'descriptor_name': 'Plant Infertility', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051479', 'descriptor_name': 'Plant Infertility', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011058', 'descriptor_name': 'Pollen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12788', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58631098', 'display_name': 'New Phytologist', 'issn_l': '0028-646X', 'issn': ['0028-646X', '1469-8137'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24697753', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.6, 'display_name': 'Life on land'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '31070284'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 55, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1500702901', 'https://openalex.org/W1577875429', 'https://openalex.org/W1593345947', 'https://openalex.org/W1865716369', 'https://openalex.org/W1960142378', 'https://openalex.org/W1971872341', 'https://openalex.org/W1976558061', 'https://openalex.org/W1979018315', 'https://openalex.org/W1980996834', 'https://openalex.org/W1981276210', 'https://openalex.org/W1986535717', 'https://openalex.org/W1988437204', 'https://openalex.org/W1988578377', 'https://openalex.org/W1990469446', 'https://openalex.org/W1999947509', 'https://openalex.org/W2000258477', 'https://openalex.org/W2017096693', 'https://openalex.org/W2018304597', 'https://openalex.org/W2023618500', 'https://openalex.org/W2024445832', 'https://openalex.org/W2026617948', 'https://openalex.org/W2036341780', 'https://openalex.org/W2060446375', 'https://openalex.org/W2060507771', 'https://openalex.org/W2062675899', 'https://openalex.org/W2084390009', 'https://openalex.org/W2085815047', 'https://openalex.org/W2092310820', 'https://openalex.org/W2097378319', 'https://openalex.org/W2100686198', 'https://openalex.org/W2102003794', 'https://openalex.org/W2104800206', 'https://openalex.org/W2104824203', 'https://openalex.org/W2107667790', 'https://openalex.org/W2107834654', 'https://openalex.org/W2108990080', 'https://openalex.org/W2109350489', 'https://openalex.org/W2109757583', 'https://openalex.org/W2116122104', 'https://openalex.org/W2116734667', 'https://openalex.org/W2120471982', 'https://openalex.org/W2125013858', 'https://openalex.org/W2133532458', 'https://openalex.org/W2137358559', 'https://openalex.org/W2138400976', 'https://openalex.org/W2152345554', 'https://openalex.org/W2154775882', 'https://openalex.org/W2157103523', 'https://openalex.org/W2157314252', 'https://openalex.org/W2157801685', 'https://openalex.org/W2162563554', 'https://openalex.org/W2164464090', 'https://openalex.org/W2170145663', 'https://openalex.org/W2333574083', 'https://openalex.org/W2415690122'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4230320636', 'https://openalex.org/W2743745833', 'https://openalex.org/W2383999787', 'https://openalex.org/W2369842869', 'https://openalex.org/W2267479138', 'https://openalex.org/W2188244394', 'https://openalex.org/W2083647128', 'https://openalex.org/W2052966292', 'https://openalex.org/W2043271344', 'https://openalex.org/W2033255336'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Exine,': [0], 'the': [1, 37, 65, 151, 177], 'outermost': [2], 'layer': [3], 'of': [4, 39, 153, 180], 'a': [5, 69], 'pollen': [6, 20, 27, 144], 'grain,': [7], 'has': [8], 'important': [9], 'roles': [10], 'in': [11, 49, 61, 82, 92, 98, 135, 169], 'protecting': [12], 'microspore': [13], 'cytoplasm': [14], 'and': [15, 21, 64, 67, 86, 120, 128, 147, 156], 'determining': [16], 'species-specific': [17], 'interactions': [18], 'between': [19], 'stigma.': [22], 'The': [23, 52], 'molecular': [24], 'mechanism': [25], 'underlying': [26], 'exine': [28, 130, 145, 185], 'formation,': [29], 'however,': [30], 'remains': [31], 'largely': [32], 'unknown.': [33], 'Here,': [34], 'we': [35], 'report': [36], 'characterization': [38], 'an': [40, 102], 'Arabidopsis': [41], 'male-sterile': [42], 'mutant,': [43], 'efd,': [44], 'which': [45], 'exhibits': [46], 'male': [47, 148], 'sterility': [48], 'first-forming': [50], 'flowers.': [51], 'Exine': [53], 'Formation': [54], 'Defect': [55], '(EFD)': [56], 'gene': [57], 'is': [58, 80, 115, 132, 141, 166, 174], 'strongly': [59], 'expressed': [60], 'microsporocytes,': [62], 'tetrads': [63, 93], 'tapetum,': [66], 'encodes': [68], 'nuclear-localized': [70], 'de': [71], 'novo': [72], 'DNA': [73], 'methyltransferase.': [74], 'Detailed': [75], 'observations': [76], 'revealed': [77], 'that': [78, 139, 162], 'EFD': [79, 140], 'involved': [81, 168], 'both': [83], 'callose': [84, 104, 154], 'wall': [85, 155], 'primexine': [87, 113, 157], 'formation': [88, 131, 146], 'during': [89, 183], 'microsporogenesis.': [90], 'Microspores': [91], 'are': [94, 126], 'not': [95, 167], 'well': [96], 'separated': [97], 'efd': [99], 'due': [100], 'to': [101, 176], 'abnormal': [103], 'wall.': [105], 'Its': [106], 'plasma': [107], 'membrane': [108, 171], 'undulation': [109], 'appears': [110], 'normal,': [111], 'but': [112, 173], 'patterning': [114], 'impaired.': [116], 'Primexine': [117], 'matrix': [118], 'establishment': [119], 'sporopollenin': [121, 164], 'accumulation': [122, 165], 'at': [123], 'specific': [124], 'positions': [125], 'disturbed,': [127], 'thus': [129], 'totally': [133], 'blocked': [134], 'efd.': [136], 'We': [137, 159], 'confirmed': [138], 'required': [142], 'for': [143], 'fertility': [149], 'via': [150], 'regulation': [152], 'formation.': [158], 'also': [160], 'found': [161], 'positional': [163], 'regulating': [170], 'undulation,': [172], 'related': [175], 'complete': [178], 'separation': [179], 'tetrad': [181], 'microspores': [182], 'primary': [184], 'patterning.': [186]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134958435', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T13:49:39.349692', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}