Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2134080423', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.2.486-492.1998', 'title': 'Molecular Fingerprinting of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Transmission in Paris, France, and Surrounding Area', 'display_name': 'Molecular Fingerprinting of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Transmission in Paris, France, and Surrounding Area', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2134080423', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.2.486-492.1998', 'mag': '2134080423', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9466764', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/104565'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.2.486-492.1998', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/36/2/486.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53087977', 'display_name': 'Journal of Clinical Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0095-1137', 'issn': ['0095-1137', '1070-633X', '1098-660X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/36/2/486.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060780919', 'display_name': 'M. Cristina Gutiérrez', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1646-5414'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157536573', 'display_name': 'Institut Pasteur', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0495fxg12', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157536573']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. C. Gutiérrez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris,1'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris,1', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I157536573']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113528278', 'display_name': 'V. Vincent', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157536573', 'display_name': 'Institut Pasteur', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0495fxg12', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157536573']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'V. Vincent', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris,1'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris,1', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I157536573']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024300413', 'display_name': 'Dominique Aubert', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-8779'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210102336', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Max Fourestier', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017t1dh18', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210102336']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Aubert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Max Fourestier, 92000 Nanterre,2'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Max Fourestier, 92000 Nanterre,2', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210102336']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112013052', 'display_name': 'J. Bizet', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Bizet', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital des Prisons de Fresnes, 94261 Fresnes,3'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital des Prisons de Fresnes, 94261 Fresnes,3', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110477162', 'display_name': 'Olivier Gaillot', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210166892', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Boucicaut', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04j0szy54', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210166892']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'O. Gaillot', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Boucicaut, 75015 Paris,4 France'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Boucicaut, 75015 Paris,4 France', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210166892']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008544389', 'display_name': 'L Lebrun', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4486-9723'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210150149', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Antoine-Béclère', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04sb8a726', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097159', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150149']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Lebrun', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92141 Clamart,5'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92141 Clamart,5', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210150149']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107836262', 'display_name': 'Catherine Le Pendeven', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800379142', 'display_name': 'Université Paris-Seine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0033vhx30', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800379142']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Le Pendeven', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratoire Départemental de Seine Saint Denis, 93140 Bondy,6'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratoire Départemental de Seine Saint Denis, 93140 Bondy,6', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800379142']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088562359', 'display_name': 'M P Le Pennec', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210149930', 'display_name': 'Centre hospitalier Robert-Ballanger', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057wh9709', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210149930']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. P. Le Pennec', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robet Ballanger, 93602 Aulnay sur Bois,7'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robet Ballanger, 93602 Aulnay sur Bois,7', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210149930']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111898720', 'display_name': 'D Mathieu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210164847', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Paul-Brousse', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05n7yzd13', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097159', 'https://openalex.org/I4210164847']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Mathieu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif,8'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif,8', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210164847']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021037426', 'display_name': 'Catherine Offredo', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158411', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Laennec', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04ckvpk15', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158411']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Offredo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Laënnec, 75007 Paris,9'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Laënnec, 75007 Paris,9', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158411']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5032811003', 'display_name': 'B. Pangon', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159263', 'display_name': 'Centre Hospitalier de Versailles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053evvt91', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159263']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B. Pangon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles,10'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, 78000 Versailles,10', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159263']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046693666', 'display_name': 'Catherine Pierre-Audigier', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288880153', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05tr67282', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288880153', 'https://openalex.org/I4210097159', 'https://openalex.org/I4210120235']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Pierre-Audigier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 75015 Paris,11 and'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 75015 Paris,11 and', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288880153']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 10, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.466, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 123, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.941215, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '36', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '486', 'last_page': '492'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11316', 'display_name': 'Mycobacterium research and diagnosis', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11381', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-sequence', 'display_name': 'Insertion sequence', 'score': 0.4803825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-epidemiology', 'display_name': 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'score': 0.46894953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-profiling', 'display_name': 'DNA profiling', 'score': 0.4480746}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168007829', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857299', 'display_name': 'Restriction fragment length polymorphism', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.81370044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781069245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.78206325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777975735', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971', 'display_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7380102}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49901986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4989078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157887575', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417216', 'display_name': 'Insertion sequence', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.4803825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97669555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118435', 'display_name': 'Molecular epidemiology', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.46894953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61511704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857', 'display_name': 'Incidence (geometry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46675396}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C761482', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093', 'display_name': 'Transmission (telecommunications)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45774502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C79386861', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476697', 'display_name': 'DNA profiling', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4480746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37746066}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2586916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135763542', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016', 'display_name': 'Genotype', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.24988496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1341252}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.070720494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.06703812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4918238', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121438', 'display_name': 'Transposable element', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.06462169}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C552990157', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430', 'display_name': 'DNA', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141231307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020', 'display_name': 'Genome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004269', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009169', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000635', 'qualifier_name': 'transmission', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017088', 'descriptor_name': 'AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000382', 'qualifier_name': 'microbiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017088', 'descriptor_name': 'AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000635', 'qualifier_name': 'transmission', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017088', 'descriptor_name': 'AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017088', 'descriptor_name': 'AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000367', 'descriptor_name': 'Age Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015342', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Probes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004269', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004269', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004269', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003951', 'descriptor_name': 'Diagnostic Errors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004641', 'descriptor_name': 'Emigration and Immigration', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005189', 'descriptor_name': 'False Positive Reactions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006679', 'descriptor_name': 'HIV Seropositivity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006703', 'descriptor_name': 'Homeless Persons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006761', 'descriptor_name': 'Hospitals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015994', 'descriptor_name': 'Incidence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017720', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016254', 'descriptor_name': 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009169', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009169', 'descriptor_name': 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010297', 'descriptor_name': 'Paris', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010297', 'descriptor_name': 'Paris', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012150', 'descriptor_name': 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011330', 'descriptor_name': 'Prisons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012091', 'descriptor_name': 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012737', 'descriptor_name': 'Sex Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012923', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Class', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.2.486-492.1998', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/36/2/486.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53087977', 'display_name': 'Journal of Clinical Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0095-1137', 'issn': ['0095-1137', '1070-633X', '1098-660X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc104565', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc104565?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC104565', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9466764', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.2.486-492.1998', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/36/2/486.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53087977', 'display_name': 'Journal of Clinical Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0095-1137', 'issn': ['0095-1137', '1070-633X', '1098-660X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'No poverty', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1', 'score': 0.77}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 42, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1529772645', 'https://openalex.org/W1552880224', 'https://openalex.org/W1576630797', 'https://openalex.org/W1812218081', 'https://openalex.org/W1837184534', 'https://openalex.org/W1882788395', 'https://openalex.org/W1884882993', 'https://openalex.org/W1970418244', 'https://openalex.org/W1976285186', 'https://openalex.org/W2006094917', 'https://openalex.org/W2013923392', 'https://openalex.org/W2019023077', 'https://openalex.org/W2022820515', 'https://openalex.org/W2034179226', 'https://openalex.org/W2061990678', 'https://openalex.org/W2075357518', 'https://openalex.org/W2080212247', 'https://openalex.org/W2100008646', 'https://openalex.org/W2100887397', 'https://openalex.org/W2110303370', 'https://openalex.org/W2112507213', 'https://openalex.org/W2112909982', 'https://openalex.org/W2115705505', 'https://openalex.org/W2117034387', 'https://openalex.org/W2121632559', 'https://openalex.org/W2125750860', 'https://openalex.org/W2126037865', 'https://openalex.org/W2130462614', 'https://openalex.org/W2132072872', 'https://openalex.org/W2133075791', 'https://openalex.org/W2140695571', 'https://openalex.org/W2140799549', 'https://openalex.org/W2141884547', 'https://openalex.org/W2144054709', 'https://openalex.org/W2172204738', 'https://openalex.org/W2318136092', 'https://openalex.org/W2325087812', 'https://openalex.org/W2396285370', 'https://openalex.org/W2437634631', 'https://openalex.org/W4250259849', 'https://openalex.org/W4252577492', 'https://openalex.org/W4254993211'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W46140482', 'https://openalex.org/W4229937467', 'https://openalex.org/W2583545818', 'https://openalex.org/W2523117013', 'https://openalex.org/W2404390001', 'https://openalex.org/W2167849267', 'https://openalex.org/W2119877497', 'https://openalex.org/W2100008646', 'https://openalex.org/W1989435144', 'https://openalex.org/W1882788395'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ABSTRACT': [0], 'Forty-three': [1], 'percent': [2], 'of': [3, 19, 46, 110, 136, 194, 196, 203, 277, 284, 301], 'the': [4, 12, 31, 66, 79, 85, 98, 160, 236, 275, 285, 299, 305, 313], 'tuberculosis': [5, 20, 48, 62, 278, 303, 320], 'cases': [6, 26], 'reported': [7], 'in': [8, 21, 52, 55, 71, 217, 246, 256, 267, 298, 304], 'France': [9, 15], 'are': [10, 312], 'from': [11, 97, 115, 151, 223, 261], 'Ile': [13], 'de': [14], 'region.': [16], 'The': [17, 74, 142, 200, 228], 'incidence': [18], 'this': [22, 72], 'region': [23], 'is': [24], '33': [25], 'per': [27], '100,000': [28], 'inhabitants,': [29], 'twice': [30], 'national': [32], 'average.': [33], 'A': [34], 'restriction': [35], 'fragment': [36], 'length': [37], 'polymorphism': [38], '(RFLP)': [39], 'analysis': [40, 130, 169, 186], 'was': [41, 144, 156, 230, 240], 'performed': [42, 157], 'with': [43, 69, 104, 106, 120, 131, 147, 163, 165, 170, 181, 187, 191, 233, 243, 318], 'clinical': [44, 93], 'isolates': [45, 105, 222], 'Mycobacterium': [47], 'isolated': [49, 150], 'during': [50], '1995': [51], '10': [53], 'hospitals': [54], 'Paris': [56], 'and': [57, 64, 84, 92, 134, 179, 190, 212, 235, 270, 307], 'surrounding': [58], 'areas': [59], 'to': [60, 124, 225], 'detect': [61], 'transmission': [63, 279], 'define': [65], 'factors': [67, 316], 'associated': [68, 232, 242, 317], 'clustering': [70, 229], 'population.': [73], 'molecular': [75], 'markers': [76, 205], 'used': [77], 'were': [78, 95, 113, 139, 264], 'insertion': [80], 'sequence': [81], 'IS': [82, 111, 132, 171, 188, 197], '6110': [83, 112, 133, 172, 189, 198], 'direct': [86], 'repeat': [87], '(DR)': [88], 'sequence.': [89], 'Social,': [90], 'demographic,': [91], 'data': [94], 'collected': [96], 'patients’': [99], 'medical': [100], 'files.': [101], 'Ten': [102], 'patients': [103, 119], 'a': [107, 247, 295], 'single': [108], 'copy': [109], 'excluded': [114], 'further': [116], 'analysis.': [117], 'Twenty-four': [118], 'false-positive': [121], 'cultures': [122], 'due': [123], 'laboratory': [125], 'contamination': [126], '(based': [127], 'on': [128], 'RFLP': [129, 168, 185], 'examination': [135], 'patient': [137], 'data)': [138], 'also': [140], 'excluded.': [141], 'study': [143], 'then': [145], 'conducted': [146], '272': [148, 152], 'strains': [149, 164, 180, 211, 216], 'patients.': [153, 227, 287], 'Further': [154], 'fingerprinting': [155], 'by': [158, 167, 175, 184], 'using': [159], 'DR': [161], 'element': [162], 'patterns': [166, 183, 208], 'that': [173, 291, 308], 'differed': [174], 'one': [176], 'band': [177], 'only': [178], 'identical': [182], 'low': [192], 'numbers': [193], 'copies': [195], '.': [199], 'combined': [201], 'use': [202], 'both': [204], 'identified': [206], 'unique': [207], 'for': [209, 280], '177': [210], 'clustered': [213, 286], '95': [214], '(35.7%)': [215], '26': [218], 'groups,': [219], 'each': [220], 'containing': [221], '2': [224], '12': [226], 'strongly': [231], 'homelessness': [234], 'male': [237], 'sex.': [238], 'It': [239], 'not': [241], 'age,': [244], 'birth': [245], 'foreign': [248], 'country,': [249], 'human': [250], 'immunodeficiency': [251], 'virus': [252], 'positivity,': [253], 'or': [254, 258], 'residence': [255], 'hostels': [257], 'prison.': [259], 'Isolates': [260], 'homeless': [262, 271, 292], 'people': [263, 272, 293], 'often': [265], 'included': [266], 'large': [268], 'clusters,': [269], 'could': [273], 'be': [274], 'source': [276], 'more': [281], 'than': [282], '50%': [283], 'These': [288], 'results': [289], 'suggest': [290], 'play': [294], 'key': [296], 'role': [297], 'spread': [300], 'M.': [302], 'community': [306], 'poor': [309], 'socioeconomic': [310], 'conditions': [311], 'main': [314], 'risk': [315], 'active': [319], 'transmission.': [321]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134080423', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T02:39:42.962751', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}