Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2133805565', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/42.768843', 'title': 'A new approach for nonlinear distortion correction in endoscopic images based on least squares estimation', 'display_name': 'A new approach for nonlinear distortion correction in endoscopic images based on least squares estimation', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2133805565', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/42.768843', 'mag': '2133805565', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10385291'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/42.768843', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58069681', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging', 'issn_l': '0278-0062', 'issn': ['0278-0062', '1558-254X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~skumar/application/00768843.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033121119', 'display_name': 'K. Vijayan Asari', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Vijayan Asari', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for High Performance Embedded Syst., Nanyang Technol. Inst., Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for High Performance Embedded Syst., Nanyang Technol. Inst., Singapore', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018301052', 'display_name': 'Sanjiv Kumar', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-1414'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74973139', 'display_name': 'Carnegie Mellon University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05x2bcf33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74973139']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Kumar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74973139']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016682513', 'display_name': 'D. Radhakrishnan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I172675005', 'display_name': 'Nanyang Technological University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e7b5302', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I172675005']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Radhakrishnan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['[Division of Computing Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '[Division of Computing Systems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I172675005']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.851, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 129, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.958319, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '18', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '345', 'last_page': '354'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10638', 'display_name': 'Optical measurement and interference techniques', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10638', 'display_name': 'Optical measurement and interference techniques', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13114', 'display_name': 'Image Processing Techniques and Applications', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10531', 'display_name': 'Advanced Vision and Imaging', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion', 'display_name': 'Distortion (music)', 'score': 0.6942834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation', 'display_name': 'Least-squares function approximation', 'score': 0.48444417}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126780896', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871', 'display_name': 'Distortion (music)', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6942834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173413354', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049470', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear distortion', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6179655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5054257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9936470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405', 'display_name': 'Least-squares function approximation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48444417}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90119067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260', 'display_name': 'Polynomial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46477133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45938092}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138029060', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226633', 'display_name': 'Polynomial and rational function modeling', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45763588}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31972630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240', 'display_name': 'Computer vision', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45352185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44934285}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42908546}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158622935', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42291307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31258907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371', 'display_name': 'Computer network', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C194257627', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554', 'display_name': 'Amplifier', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776257435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430', 'display_name': 'Bandwidth (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185429906', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160', 'display_name': 'Estimator', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004724', 'descriptor_name': 'Endoscopy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016018', 'descriptor_name': 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004724', 'descriptor_name': 'Endoscopy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008962', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Theoretical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/42.768843', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58069681', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging', 'issn_l': '0278-0062', 'issn': ['0278-0062', '1558-254X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.121.4889', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~skumar/application/00768843.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10385291', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.121.4889', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~skumar/application/00768843.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 17, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1601541039', 'https://openalex.org/W1968909390', 'https://openalex.org/W1968932739', 'https://openalex.org/W1977272108', 'https://openalex.org/W2045511975', 'https://openalex.org/W2089805480', 'https://openalex.org/W2115797648', 'https://openalex.org/W2118777201', 'https://openalex.org/W2124147849', 'https://openalex.org/W2124535811', 'https://openalex.org/W2167916211', 'https://openalex.org/W2797212216', 'https://openalex.org/W3212737926', 'https://openalex.org/W3215393340', 'https://openalex.org/W4212808323', 'https://openalex.org/W4299732420', 'https://openalex.org/W569362820'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386414661', 'https://openalex.org/W2391717006', 'https://openalex.org/W2359780122', 'https://openalex.org/W2358330745', 'https://openalex.org/W2347431113', 'https://openalex.org/W2298863895', 'https://openalex.org/W2187246476', 'https://openalex.org/W2001689509', 'https://openalex.org/W1599289444', 'https://openalex.org/W1492601442'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Images': [0], 'captured': [1], 'with': [2, 146], 'a': [3, 17, 74, 132, 173], 'typical': [4], 'endoscope': [5], 'show': [6], 'spatial': [7], 'distortion,': [8], 'which': [9, 180], 'necessitates': [10], 'distortion': [11, 31, 65, 97, 151], 'correction': [12, 152], 'for': [13, 81, 121, 136, 183], 'subsequent': [14], 'analysis.': [15], 'Here,': [16], 'new': [18, 92], 'methodology': [19], 'based': [20, 39, 102], 'on': [21, 40, 103], 'least': [22], 'squares': [23], 'estimation': [24], 'is': [25, 43, 106, 118, 154, 181], 'proposed': [26, 71, 120, 166], 'to': [27, 45, 85, 94, 156], 'correct': [28], 'the': [29, 33, 47, 54, 62, 82, 87, 96, 100, 125, 128, 137, 161, 188], 'nonlinear': [30], 'in': [32, 131], 'endoscopic': [34], 'images.': [35, 189], 'A': [36, 91, 108], 'mathematical': [37], 'model': [38, 59, 138, 142, 153], 'polynomial': [41, 63], 'mapping': [42], 'used': [44, 135], 'map': [46], 'images': [48, 159], 'from': [49], 'distorted': [50], 'image': [51, 56, 101], 'space': [52], 'onto': [53], 'corrected': [55, 68], 'space.': [57], 'The': [58, 70, 141, 150, 165], 'parameters': [60, 143], 'include': [61], 'coefficients,': [64], 'center,': [66], 'and': [67, 114, 160, 171], 'center.': [69], 'method': [72], 'utilizes': [73], 'line': [75], 'search': [76, 117], 'approach': [77, 110], 'of': [78, 99, 124, 127, 187], 'global': [79], 'convergence': [80], 'iterative': [83], 'procedure': [84], 'obtain': [86], 'optimum': [88], 'expansion': [89], 'coefficients.': [90], 'technique': [93, 167], 'find': [95], 'center': [98], 'curvature': [104], 'criterion': [105], 'presented.': [107, 164], 'dual-step': [109], 'comprising': [111], 'token': [112], 'matching': [113], 'integrated': [115], 'neighborhood': [116], 'also': [119], 'accurate': [122, 184], 'extraction': [123], 'centers': [126], 'dots': [129], 'contained': [130], 'rectangular': [133], 'grid,': [134], 'parameter': [139], 'estimation.': [140], 'were': [144], 'verified': [145], 'different': [147], 'grid': [148], 'patterns.': [149], 'applied': [155], 'several': [157], 'gastrointestinal': [158], 'results': [162], 'are': [163], 'provides': [168], 'high-speed': [169], 'response': [170], 'forms': [172], 'key': [174], 'step': [175], 'toward': [176], 'online': [177], 'camera': [178], 'calibration,': [179], 'required': [182], 'quantitative': [185], 'analysis': [186]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133805565', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T09:05:42.312421', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}