Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2133759650', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/07357909009012073', 'title': 'Effects of Recombinant Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-2 on the Generation of Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells in Vitro', 'display_name': 'Effects of Recombinant Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-2 on the Generation of Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells in Vitro', 'publication_year': 1990, 'publication_date': '1990-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2133759650', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/07357909009012073', 'mag': '2133759650', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2124946'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/07357909009012073', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S121125331', 'display_name': 'Cancer Investigation', 'issn_l': '0735-7907', 'issn': ['0735-7907', '1532-4192'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113862478', 'display_name': 'Harry W. Findley', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150468666', 'display_name': 'Emory University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03czfpz43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Harry W. Findley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058567245', 'display_name': 'Sherif A. Nasr', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150468666', 'display_name': 'Emory University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03czfpz43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sherif Nasr', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081454651', 'display_name': 'Zeinab Afify', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-0389'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150468666', 'display_name': 'Emory University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03czfpz43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zeinab Afify', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072328892', 'display_name': 'Robert Hnath', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150468666', 'display_name': 'Emory University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03czfpz43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert Hnath', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026688765', 'display_name': 'Kathy Waldrep', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150468666', 'display_name': 'Emory University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03czfpz43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kathy Waldrep', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111766810', 'display_name': 'Abdel Ragab', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I150468666', 'display_name': 'Emory University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03czfpz43', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Abdel H. Ragab', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Pathology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I150468666']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.563, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 8, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.469454, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 76, 'max': 78}, 'biblio': {'volume': '8', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '493', 'last_page': '500'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11020', 'display_name': 'Immune Cell Function and Interaction', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11020', 'display_name': 'Immune Cell Function and Interaction', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10371', 'display_name': 'Immune Response and Inflammation', 'score': 0.9574, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10345', 'display_name': 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'score': 0.9521, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2720', 'display_name': 'Hematology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphokine-activated-killer-cell', 'display_name': 'Lymphokine-activated killer cell', 'score': 0.8789607}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49382859', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286498', 'display_name': 'Lymphokine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9498452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28651165', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4259786', 'display_name': 'Lymphokine-activated killer cell', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8789607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777371288', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410130', 'display_name': 'Interleukin 2', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7215823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137061746', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736033', 'display_name': 'Peripheral blood mononuclear cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6665515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.50207496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780841837', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24741149', 'display_name': 'Interferon gamma', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47574422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202751555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681', 'display_name': 'In vitro', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44926333}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778102761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332181', 'display_name': 'Natural killer cell', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.444533}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778690821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354', 'display_name': 'Cytokine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34458774}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31430084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2942772}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154317977', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266', 'display_name': 'Cytotoxic T cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.28887677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776090121', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529', 'display_name': 'T cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.28637856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147483822', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537', 'display_name': 'Antigen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.26350814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8891405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059', 'display_name': 'Immune system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.21413869}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129374314', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909381', 'display_name': 'Interleukin 21', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.20394668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07984531}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D007371', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferon-gamma', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007376', 'descriptor_name': 'Interleukin-2', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015979', 'descriptor_name': 'Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008213', 'descriptor_name': 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004305', 'descriptor_name': 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004347', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Interactions', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007371', 'descriptor_name': 'Interferon-gamma', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007376', 'descriptor_name': 'Interleukin-2', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015979', 'descriptor_name': 'Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007694', 'descriptor_name': 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007694', 'descriptor_name': 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008213', 'descriptor_name': 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011994', 'descriptor_name': 'Recombinant Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011994', 'descriptor_name': 'Recombinant Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/07357909009012073', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S121125331', 'display_name': 'Cancer Investigation', 'issn_l': '0735-7907', 'issn': ['0735-7907', '1532-4192'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2124946', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 25, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1496255841', 'https://openalex.org/W1499989626', 'https://openalex.org/W1517431480', 'https://openalex.org/W1542501019', 'https://openalex.org/W1643040145', 'https://openalex.org/W1667574047', 'https://openalex.org/W1980849025', 'https://openalex.org/W200371019', 'https://openalex.org/W2008338915', 'https://openalex.org/W2020211638', 'https://openalex.org/W2032280843', 'https://openalex.org/W2036275492', 'https://openalex.org/W2050106089', 'https://openalex.org/W2066407805', 'https://openalex.org/W2082775833', 'https://openalex.org/W2083870135', 'https://openalex.org/W2088740471', 'https://openalex.org/W2089251140', 'https://openalex.org/W2130901389', 'https://openalex.org/W2162284427', 'https://openalex.org/W2163371866', 'https://openalex.org/W2165113843', 'https://openalex.org/W2410398368', 'https://openalex.org/W2415975367', 'https://openalex.org/W2495273356'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2417793608', 'https://openalex.org/W2256054289', 'https://openalex.org/W2133759650', 'https://openalex.org/W2096574716', 'https://openalex.org/W2074240690', 'https://openalex.org/W2065367149', 'https://openalex.org/W2064195300', 'https://openalex.org/W2022017497', 'https://openalex.org/W1978551452', 'https://openalex.org/W1967360579'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'order': [1], 'to': [2, 72, 92, 116], 'determine': [3], 'if': [4], 'recombinant': [5, 13], 'interferon-γ': [6], '(rIFN-γ)': [7], 'can': [8], 'augment': [9], 'the': [10, 66, 94, 130, 143], 'effect': [11], 'of': [12, 59, 86, 97, 108, 119, 122, 132, 145, 172], 'interleukin-2': [14], '(rIL-2)': [15], 'in': [16, 54, 129, 142, 161], 'generating': [17, 162], 'lymphokine-activated': [18], 'killer': [19, 44], '(LAK)': [20], 'cells,': [21, 140], 'we': [22], 'have': [23, 49], 'incubated': [24], 'normal': [25, 61], 'peripheral': [26], 'blood': [27], 'mononuclear': [28], 'cells': [29, 124, 136, 164], '(PBMC)': [30], 'with': [31, 169, 181], 'these': [32, 117], 'lymphokines': [33, 68], 'for': [34], '3': [35], 'days': [36], 'and': [37, 42, 137, 141, 155], 'then': [38], 'tested': [39], 'their': [40], 'LAK': [41, 52], 'natural': [43], '(NK)': [45], 'cell': [46], 'activity.': [47], 'We': [48], 'found': [50], 'that': [51, 70, 77, 152], 'activity': [53, 96, 111], 'PBMC': [55], 'from': [56], '13': [57, 60], 'out': [58], 'donors': [62], 'was': [63, 79, 125], 'increased': [64], 'by': [65, 127], 'combined': [67], 'above': [69], 'due': [71], 'either': [73], 'lymphokine': [74], 'alone,': [75, 167], 'provided': [76], 'rIL-2': [78, 156, 166, 173], 'present': [80], 'at': [81], 'suboptimal': [82, 98, 170], 'concentration:': [83], 'Optimal': [84], 'levels': [85, 99, 105], 'rIFN-γ': [87, 154], '(100': [88, 106], 'U/ml)': [89, 101, 107], 'were': [90], 'able': [91], 'enhance': [93], 'LAK-inducing': [95], '(5': [100], 'but': [102], 'not': [103], 'optimal': [104], 'rIL-2.': [109], 'NK': [110], 'showed': [112], 'a': [113], 'similar': [114], 'response': [115], 'concentrations': [118, 171], 'lymphokines.': [120], 'Activation': [121], 'LAK/NK': [123, 163], 'accompanied': [126], 'increases': [128], 'percentages': [131], 'Leu': [133], '19+': [134], '(CD56)': [135], 'TAC+': [138], '(IL-2-receptor)': [139], 'intensity': [144], 'TAC': [146], 'antigen': [147], 'expression.': [148], 'These': [149], 'results': [150], 'indicate': [151], 'combination': [153], 'may': [157], 'be': [158], 'more': [159], 'effective': [160], 'than': [165], 'particularly': [168], 'such': [174], 'as': [175], 'occur': [176], 'during': [177], 'continuous': [178], 'infusion': [179], 'therapy': [180], 'this': [182], 'agent.': [183]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133759650', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T10:20:16.294852', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}