Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2132994318', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099006266', 'title': 'Evaporation of acoustically levitated droplets', 'display_name': 'Evaporation of acoustically levitated droplets', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-11-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2132994318', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099006266', 'mag': '2132994318'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099006266', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S152000018', 'display_name': 'Journal of Fluid Mechanics', 'issn_l': '0022-1120', 'issn': ['0022-1120', '1469-7645'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080937639', 'display_name': 'Alexander L. Yarin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-2525'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I174306211', 'display_name': 'Technion – Israel Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qryx823', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I174306211']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. L. YARIN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I174306211']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056815796', 'display_name': 'Günter Brenn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-0790'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181369854', 'display_name': 'Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f7hpc57', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. BRENN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046742068', 'display_name': 'Oliver Kastner', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181369854', 'display_name': 'Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f7hpc57', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'O. KASTNER', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111936758', 'display_name': 'Dirk Rensink', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181369854', 'display_name': 'Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f7hpc57', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. RENSINK', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000055792', 'display_name': 'Cameron Tropea', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1506-9655'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I31512782', 'display_name': 'Technical University of Darmstadt', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05n911h24', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I31512782']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. TROPEA', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [' Technische Universität Darmstadt'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': ' Technische Universität Darmstadt', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I31512782']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.379, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 248, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.97709, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '399', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '151', 'last_page': '204'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11255', 'display_name': 'Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies', 'score': 0.9926, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11255', 'display_name': 'Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies', 'score': 0.9926, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12163', 'display_name': 'Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation', 'score': 0.9857, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12776', 'display_name': 'Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics', 'score': 0.982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-streaming', 'display_name': 'Acoustic streaming', 'score': 0.72685426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sherwood-number', 'display_name': 'Sherwood number', 'score': 0.48066723}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779019082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674713', 'display_name': 'Acoustic streaming', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.72685426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.63269377}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5842693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51038369', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909534', 'display_name': 'Mass transfer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49224797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204723758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882459', 'display_name': 'Acoustic wave', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4901927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119103248', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901815', 'display_name': 'Sherwood number', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.48066723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130230704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898280', 'display_name': 'Nusselt number', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47451323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178635117', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499', 'display_name': 'RADIUS', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42849636}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111603439', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193', 'display_name': 'Boundary layer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41724318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38755655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23670936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16175395}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81288441', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125', 'display_name': 'Ultrasonic sensor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.12930745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196558001', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132', 'display_name': 'Turbulence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182748727', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932', 'display_name': 'Reynolds number', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099006266', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S152000018', 'display_name': 'Journal of Fluid Mechanics', 'issn_l': '0022-1120', 'issn': ['0022-1120', '1469-7645'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4389100856', 'https://openalex.org/W4212787992', 'https://openalex.org/W3154259685', 'https://openalex.org/W2556064029', 'https://openalex.org/W2312219845', 'https://openalex.org/W2157294444', 'https://openalex.org/W2054433155', 'https://openalex.org/W2022077171', 'https://openalex.org/W1992086985', 'https://openalex.org/W1984643829'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 37, 120, 178, 199, 228, 339, 471, 493], 'rate': [1, 208], 'of': [2, 10, 44, 54, 86, 113, 126, 137, 140, 146, 155, 170, 180, 184, 201, 233, 266, 280, 317, 330, 335, 410, 473, 508, 528, 534, 550], 'heat': [3, 204, 578], 'and': [4, 48, 89, 205, 223, 230, 446, 481, 487, 504, 579], 'mass': [5, 105, 206, 314, 580], 'transfer': [6, 207, 581], 'at': [7, 219, 225, 530, 546], 'the': [8, 20, 29, 42, 45, 55, 67, 71, 74, 78, 87, 94, 104, 111, 114, 131, 138, 143, 147, 153, 156, 159, 171, 175, 181, 187, 191, 195, 202, 210, 220, 234, 243, 267, 270, 278, 281, 288, 295, 302, 306, 313, 327, 333, 336, 344, 350, 357, 385, 397, 407, 411, 416, 460, 484, 491, 506, 520, 526, 531, 535, 552, 559, 563, 583], 'surface': [9, 31, 80, 212, 231], 'acoustically': [11], 'levitated': [12, 72, 588], 'pure': [13], 'liquid': [14, 185, 318, 351, 540], 'droplets': [15, 125, 157, 367, 456, 587], 'is': [16, 39, 122, 150, 162, 197, 213, 263, 277, 287, 294, 301, 312, 382, 404, 479, 495, 555], 'predicted': [17, 480], 'theoretically': [18], 'for': [19], 'case': [21], 'where': [22, 252], 'an': [23, 34, 474, 509], 'acoustic': [24, 35, 46, 68, 75, 160, 192, 348, 461, 536, 560, 566, 591], 'boundary': [25, 56, 533], 'layer': [26, 538], 'appears': [27, 464], 'near': [28, 77], 'droplet': [30, 50, 79, 95, 116, 172, 188, 211, 221, 360, 476, 553], 'resulting': [32], 'in': [33, 60, 118, 186, 194, 269, 298, 305, 320, 332, 477, 562, 589], 'streaming.': [36], 'theory': [38, 121], 'based': [40], 'on': [41, 343, 356, 516, 519], 'computation': [43, 334], 'field': [47, 69, 161], 'squeezed': [49, 457], 'shape': [51], 'by': [52, 158, 190, 242, 326, 459, 539, 558], 'means': [53], 'element': [57], 'method': [58], 'developed': [59], 'Yarin,': [61], 'Pfaffenlehner': [62], '&': [63], 'Tropea': [64], '(1998).': [65], 'Given': [66], 'around': [70], 'droplet,': [73], 'streaming': [76, 193, 561], 'was': [81, 107, 237], 'calculated.': [82], 'This': [83, 570], 'allowed': [84], 'calculation': [85], 'Sherwood': [88, 235], 'Nusselt': [90, 337], 'number': [91, 236], 'distributions': [92], 'over': [93, 209], 'surface,': [96], 'as': [97, 99, 165, 167, 353, 355, 523, 525], 'well': [98, 166, 354, 524], 'their': [100], 'average': [101, 232], 'values.': [102], 'Then,': [103], 'balance': [106], 'used': [108], 'to': [109, 124, 130, 215, 239, 466, 497, 574], 'calculate': [110], 'evolution': [112, 472], 'equivalent': [115, 359], 'radius': [117, 361], 'time.': [119], 'applicable': [123], 'arbitrary': [127], 'size': [128], 'relative': [129], 'sound': [132, 271, 283, 296, 386], 'wavelength': [133], 'λ,': [134, 141], 'including': [135], 'those': [136], 'order': [139], 'when': [142], 'compressible': [144], 'character': [145], 'gas': [148, 196, 513, 529], 'flow': [149], 'important.': [151], 'Also,': [152], 'deformation': [154], 'accounted': [163], 'for,': [164], 'a': [168, 217, 264, 362, 369, 517], 'displacement': [169], 'centre': [173], 'from': [174, 384, 406, 490], 'pressure': [176, 387, 418], 'node.': [177], 'effect': [179, 507], 'internal': [182], 'circulation': [183], 'sustained': [189], 'estimated.': [198], 'distribution': [200], 'time-average': [203], 'found': [214, 383, 405, 496], 'have': [216], 'maximum': [218], 'equator': [222], 'minima': [224], 'its': [226], 'poles.': [227], 'time': [229, 478], 'shown': [238], 'be': [240, 324, 467, 498], 'described': [241], 'expression': [244], 'Sh': [245, 429], '=': [246, 254, 373, 376, 423, 430, 443, 449, 452], 'KB': [247], '/√ω[Dscr': [248], ']': [249, 310, 437], '0': [250, 256, 259, 261, 275, 286, 293, 311, 380, 393, 402, 425, 438], ',': [251, 439], 'B': [253, 433, 441, 445], 'A': [255, 274, 379, 392, 401, 424], 'e': [257, 276, 381, 394, 403, 426], '/(ρ': [258], 'c': [260, 292], ')': [262], 'scale': [265], 'velocity': [268, 297], 'wave': [272], '(': [273, 420], 'amplitude': [279, 419], 'incident': [282], 'wave,': [284], 'ρ': [285], 'unperturbed': [289], 'air': [290, 331], 'density,': [291], 'air,': [299, 321], 'ω': [300], 'angular': [303], 'frequency': [304], 'ultrasonic': [307], 'range,': [308], '[Dscr': [309], 'diffusion': [315], 'coefficient': [316, 340], 'vapour': [319], 'which': [322], 'should': [323], 'replaced': [325], 'thermal': [328], 'diffusivity': [329], 'number).': [338], 'K': [341, 372, 431, 447, 450, 463], 'depends': [342], 'governing': [345], 'parameters': [346], '(the': [347], 'field,': [349, 462], 'properties),': [352], 'current': [358], '.': [363, 395], 'For': [364, 454], 'small': [365], 'spherical': [366], 'with': [368, 440, 483], '[Lt': [370], ']λ,': [371], '(45/4π)': [374], '1/2': [375], '1.89,': [377], 'if': [378, 400], 'level': [388], '(SPL)': [389], 'defined': [390, 414], 'using': [391, 415, 586], 'On': [396], 'other': [398], 'hand,': [399], 'same': [408], 'value': [409], 'SPL,': [412], 'but': [413], 'root-mean-square': [417], 'p': [421], 'rms': [422, 432, 434, 442, 448], '/√2),': [427], 'then': [428], '/': [435], '√ω[Dscr': [436], '√2': [444], '/√2': [451], '1.336.': [453], 'large': [455], 'significantly': [458], 'always': [465], 'greater': [468], 'than': [469], '1.89.': [470], 'evaporating': [475], 'compared': [482], 'present': [485, 584], 'experiments': [486], 'existing': [488], 'data': [489], 'literature.': [492], 'agreement': [494], 'rather': [499], 'good.': [500], 'We': [501, 542], 'also': [502], 'study': [503, 575], 'discuss': [505], 'additional': [510], 'blowing': [511], '(a': [512], 'jet': [514], 'impinging': [515], 'droplet)': [518], 'evaporation': [521, 554], 'rate,': [522], 'enrichment': [527], 'outer': [532], 'bondary': [537], 'vapour.': [541], 'show': [543], 'that,': [544], 'even': [545], 'relatively': [547, 564], 'high': [548], 'rates': [549], 'blowing,': [551], 'still': [556], 'governed': [557], 'strong': [565, 590], 'fields': [567], 'we': [568], 'use.': [569], 'makes': [571], 'it': [572], 'impossible': [573], 'forced': [576], 'convective': [577], 'under': [582], 'conditions': [585], 'fields.': [592]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2132994318', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-02T07:58:28.366809', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}