Abstract: International Journal of Geriatric PsychiatryVolume 5, Issue 3 p. 145-159 Article The genetics of alzheimer's disease Stephen A. Whatley, Stephen A. Whatley Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UKSearch for more papers by this authorBrian H. Anderton, Brian H. Anderton Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UKSearch for more papers by this author Stephen A. Whatley, Stephen A. Whatley Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UKSearch for more papers by this authorBrian H. Anderton, Brian H. Anderton Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: May/June 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.930050303Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Anderton, B. H., Brion, J.-P. and Power, D. (1988) The protein constituents of paried helical filaments and senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. ISI Atlas Sci. Biochem. 1, 81– 87. Bahmanyar, S., Higgins, G. A., Goldgaber, D., Lewis, D. A., Morrison, J. H., Wilson, M. C., Shankar, S. K. and Gajdusek, D. C. (1987) Localisation of amyloid beta protein messenger RNA in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Science, 237, 77– 80. Bartus, R. T., Dean, R. L., Beer, B. and Lippa, A. (1982) The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. Science 217, 408– 17. Brayne, C. and Galloway, P. (1988) Normal ageing, impaired cognitive functions and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: A continuum? Lancet i, 1265– 1266. Breitner, J. C. S. and Folstein, M. F. (1984). Familial Alzheimer dementia: A preventive disorder with specific clinical features. Psychol. Med. 14, 63– 80. Breitner, J. C. S., Silverman, J. M., Mohs, R. C. and Davis, K. L. (1988) Familial aggregation in Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of risk among relatives of early and late-onset cases, and among male and female relatives of successive generations. Neurology 38, 207– 217. Brody, H. and Vijayashankar, N. (1977) Cell loss with ageing. In The Ageing Brain and Senile Dementia ( K. Nandy and I. Sherwin Plenum Press, New York). Burnet, F. M. (1974) Intrinsic Mutagenesis: A Genetic Approach To Ageing. MTP Press, Lancaster. Card, J. P., Meade, R. P. and Davis, L. G. (1988) Immunocytochemical localization of the precursor protein for β-amyloid in the rat central nervous system. Neuron 1, 835– 846. Carrell, R. W. (1988) Alzheimer's disease: Enter a protease inhibitor. Nature 331, 478– 479. Clemenceau, S., Foncin, J. F., Muller, J. Y., Halle, L., Hauptmann, G., Seger, J. and Salmon, C. (1986) Absence of a connection between Alzheimer's disease and complement markers. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 303, 149– 154. Cohen, M. L., Golde, T. E., Usiak, M. F., Younkin, L. H. and Younkin, S. G. (1988) In situ hybridization of nucleus basalis neurons shows increased β-amyloid mRNA in Alzheimer's disease. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 1227– 1231. Comfort, A. (1968) Physiology, homeostasis and ageing. Gerontologia 14, 224– 234. David, F., Halle, L. and Lucotte, G. (1987) No linkage between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a polymorphic probe located on the long arm of chromosome 21. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 305, 21– 24. David, F., Intrator, J. F., Foncin, J., Salmon, D. and Lucotte, G. (1988) Absence of a close linkage between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the polymorphic probe coding for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 306, 1– 4. Delabar, J. M., Goldgaber, D., Lamour, Y., Nicole, A., Huret, J-L., De Grouchy, J., Brown, P., Gajdusek, D. C. and Sinet, P. M. (1987) β-amyloid gene duplication in Alzheimer's disease and karyotypically normal Downs syndrome. Science 235, 1390– 1392. Dowson, J. H. (1982) Neurosonal lipofuscin accumulation in ageing and Alzheimer's dementia: A pathogenic mechanism?. Brit. Psychiat. 140, 142– 148. Dyrks, T., Weidermann, A., Multhaup, G., Salbaum, J. M., Lemaire, H-G., Kang, J., Müller-Hill, B., Master, C. L. and Beyreuther, K. (1988) Identification, transmembrane orientation and biogenesis of the amyloid A4 precursor of Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J. 7, 949– 957. Eikelenboom, P., Goetz, J., Pronk, J. C. and Hauptmann, G. (1988) Complement C4 phenotypes in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Hum. Hered. 38, 48– 51. Fitch, N., Becker, R. and Heller, A. (1988) The inheritance of Alzheimer's disease: A new interpretation Ann. Neurol., 23, 14– 19. Furuya, H., Sasaki, H., Goto, I., Wong, C. W., Glenner, G. G. and Sakaki, Y. (1988) Amyloid β-protein gene duplication is not common in Alzheimer's disease: Analysis by polymorphic restriction fragments. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 150, 75– 81. Gallo, J-M. and Anderton, B. H. (1989) Alzheimer's disease and Downs syndrome: Sharing of a unique cerebrovascular amyloid fibril protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122, 1131– 1135. Goate, A. M., Owen, M. J., James, L. A., Mullan, M. J., Rossor, M. N., Haynes, A. R., Lai, L. Y. C., Roques, P., Williamson, R. and Hardy, J. A. (1989) Predisposing locus for Alzheimer's disease on chromosome 21. Lancet i, 352– 355. Goedert, M. (1987) Neuronal localization of amyloid beta protein precursor mRNA in normal human brain and in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J. 6, 3627– 3632. Goldgarber, D., Lerman, M. I., McBride, O. W., Saffiotti, D. and Gajdusek, D. C. (1987) Characterization and chromosomal localization of cDNA encoding brain amyloid of Alzheimer's disease. Science 235, 877– 880. Hayflick, L. (1974) In Theoretical Aspects of Ageing. ( M. Rockstein Ed). Plenum Press, New York. Heston, L. L. (1981) Genetic studies of dementia with emphasis on Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's neuropathology. In The Epidemiology of Dementia. ( J. A. Mortimer and L. M. Schuman Eds). Oxford University Press, New York. Heston, L. L., Mastri, A. R., Anderson, E. and White, J. (1981) Dementia of the Alzheimer type: Clinical genetics, natural history, and associated conditions. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 38, 1085– 1090. Heyman, A., Wilkinson, W. E., Hurwitz, B. J., Schmechel, D., Sigmon, A. H., Weinberg, T., Helms, M. J. and Swift, M. (1983) Alzheimer's disease: Genetic aspects and associated clinical disorders. Ann. Neurol. 14, 507– 515. Higgins, G. A., Lewis, D. A., Bahmanyar, S., Goldgaber, D., Gajdusek, D. C., Young, W. G., Morrison, J. H. and Wilson, M. C. (1988) Differential regulation of amyloid-β-protein mRNA expression within hippocampal neuronal subpopulations in Alzheimer's disease. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 1297– 1301. Holmgren, G., Holmberg, E., Lindstom, A., Lindstom, E., Nordamon, I., Sangren, O., Stean, L., Svenson, B., Lundgren, E. and von Gabain, A. (1988) Diagnosis of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in Sweden by RFLP analysis. Clin. Genet. 33, 176– 180. Jarvic, L. F., Yen, F. S. and Goldstein, F. (1974) Chromosomes and mental status. A study of women residing in institutions for the elderly. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 30, 118– 190. Kallman, F. J. (1953) Heredity in Health and Mental Disorder. Norton, New York. Kang, J., Lemaire, H-G., Unterbeck, A., Salbaum, J. M., Masters, C. L., Grzeschik, K-H., Multhaup, G., Beyreuther, K. and Müller-Hill, B. (1987) The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor. Nature 325, 733– 736. Kay, D. W. K. (1986) The genetics of Alzheimer's disease. Brit. Med. Bull. 42, 19– 23. Kirkwood, T. B. L. (1977) Evolution of ageing. Nature 270, 301– 304. Kitaguchi, N., Takahashi, Y., Tokushima, Y., Shiojiri, S. and Ito, H. (1988) Novel precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein shows protease inhbitor activity. Nature 331, 530– 532. Larsson, T., Sjogren, T. and Jacobson, G. (1983) Senile dementia: A clinical, sociomedical and genetic study. Acta Psychiat. Scand. Suppl. 167, 39, 1– 259. Manning, R. W., Reid, C., Lampe, R. A. and Davis, L. G. (1988) Identification in rodents and other species of an mRNA homologous to the human β-amyloid precursor. Mol. Brain Res. 3, 293– 297. Martin, G. M. (1977) Genetic syndromes in man with potential relevance to the pathobiology of ageing. In Genetic Effects of Ageing. Birth Defects: Original article series. ( D. Bergsman, D. E. Harrison and N. W. Paul Eds). A. R. Liss, New York. Martin, R. L., Gerteis, G. and Gabrielli, W. F. (1988) A family-genetic study of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 45, 894– 900. Masters, C. L., Simms, G., Weinman, N. A., Multhaup, G., McDonald, B. L. and Beyreuther, K. (1985) Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 4245– 4249. McKay, I. R. (1972) Ageing and immunological function in man. Gerontologia 18, 285– 304. Medawar, P. B. (1952) An Unsolved Problem in Biology. H. K. Lewis, London. Mita, S., Sadlock, J., Herbert, J. and Schon, E. A. (1988) A cDNA specifying the human amyloid β precursor protein (ABPP) encodes a 95-kDa polypeptide. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 9351. Mohs, R. C., Breitner, J. C. S., Silverman, J. M. and Davis, K. L. (1987) Alzheimer's disease: Morbid risk among first degree relatives approximates 50% by 90 years of age. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 44, 405– 408. Murphy, E. A. (1977) Genetics of longevity in man. In The Genetics of Ageing. ( E. L. Scheider Ed.). Plenum Press, New York. Nandy, K. (1978) Brain-reactive antibodies in ageing and senile dementia. In Alzheimer's Disease: Senile Dementia and Related Disorders, ( R. D. Terry, R. Katzman and K. L. Bick Ed.). Raven Press, New York. Nandy, K. (1982) Neuroimmunology and the ageing brain. In The Ageing Brain. ( S. Hoyer Ed.). Springer Verlag, Berlin. Nee, L. E., Eldridge, R., Sutherland, T., Thomas, C. B., Katz, D., Thompson, R. E., Weingartner, H., Weiss, H., Julian, C. and Cohen, R. (1987) Dementia of the Alzheimer type: Clinical and family of 22 twin pairs. Neurology 37, 359– 363. Nee, L. E., Polinsky, R. J., Eldridge, R., Weitkamp, L. R., Smallberg, S. and Ebert, M. (1983) A family with histologically proven Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. 40, 203– 208. Nerle, C., Mayeux, R. and O'Neil, G. J. (1984) HLA linked complement markers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: C4 variant (C4B2) a possible marker for senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurology, 34, 310– 314. Neve, R. L., Finch, E. A. and Dawes, L. R. (1988) Expression of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor gene transcripts in the human brain Neuron 1, 669– 677. Niebuhe, E. (1974) Downs syndrome: The possibility of a pathogenic segment on chromosome 21. Humangenetik 21, 99– 101. Oliver, C. and Holland, A. J. (1985) Downs syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: A review. Psychol. Med. 14, 307– 322. Palmert, M. R., Golde, T. E., Cohen, M. L., Kovacs, D. M., Tanzi, R. E., Gusella, J. F., Usiak, M. F., Younkin, L. H. and Younkin, S. G. (1988) Amyloid protein precursor messenger RNAs: Differential expression in Alzheimer's disease. Science 241, 1080– 1084. Perikak-Vance, M. A., Yamaoka, L. H., Haynes, C. S. et al. (1988) Genetic linkage studies in Alzheimer's disease families Exp. Neurol. 102, 271– 279. Podlisny, M. B., Lee, G. and Selkoe, D. J. (1987) Gene damage of the amyloid beta precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease. Science 238, 666– 669. Ponte, P., Gonzalez-DeWhitt, P., Schilling, J., Miller, J., Hsu, D., Greenberg, B., Davis, K., Wallace, W., Lieberberg, I., Fuller, F. and Cordell, B. (1988) A new A4 amyloid mRNA contains a domain homologous to serine proteinase inhibitors. Nature 331, 525– 527. Posteraro, L., Guarachi, P., Poletti, A. and Mazzucchi, A. (1988) Familial Alzheimer's disease affecting only females. Ital. J. Neurol. 9, 135– 139. Powell, D., and Folstein, M. F. (1984) Pedigree study of familial Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurogenet. 1, 189– 197. Renvoise, E. B. (1984) An HLA and family study of Alzheimer's disease. Psychol. Med. 14, 515– 520. Renvoise, E. B., Mindham, R. H. S., Stewart M., McDonald R., and Wallace, D. R. D. (1986) Identical twins discordant for presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Brit. J. Psychiat., 149, 509– 512. Robakis, N. K., Ramakrishna, N., Wolfe, G. and Wisniewski, H. M. (1987) Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding the cerebrovascular and the neuritic plaque amyloid peptides Proc l. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 4190– 4194. Rockstein, M. (1974) In Theoretical Aspects of Ageing. ( M. Rockstein, Ed.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 1– 10. Rowlatt, C. and Franks, L. M. (1973) Ageing in tissues and Cells. In Textbook of Geriatric Medicine & Gerontology. ( J. C. Brocklehurst Ed.). Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Scheibel, M. E. and Scheibel, A. B. (1977) Differential changes with ageing in old and new cortices. In The Ageing Brain and Senile Dementia. ( R. Nandy and I. Sherwin Eds.). Plenum Press, New York. Schellenberg, G. D., Bird, T. B., Wijsman, E. M., Moore, D. K., Boehnke, M., Bryant, E. M., Lampe, T. H., Nochlin, D., Sumi, S. M., Deels, S. S., Beyreuther, K. and Martin, G. M. (1988) Absence of linkage of chromosome 21q21 markers to familial Alzheimer's disease. Science 241, 1507– 1510. Schellenberg, G. D., Deeb, S., Boehnke, M., Bryant, E. M., Martin, G. M., Lampe, T. H. and Bird, T. D. (1987) Association of an apolipoprotein CII allele with familial dementa of the Alzheimer type. J. Neurogenet. 42, 97– 108. Schmechel, D. E., Goldgaber, D., Burkhart, D. S., Gilbert, J. R., Gajdusek, D. C. and Roses, A. D. (1988) Cellular localization of messenger RNA encoding amyloid-beta-protein in normal tissue and in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer's Dis. Assoc. Disord., 2, 96– 111. Shock, N. (1970) Physiologic aspects of ageing. J. Am. Dietetic Assoc. 56, 491– 496. Sinet, P. M. (1982) Metabolism of oxygen derivatives in Downs syndrome. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 396, 83– 94. Sinet, P. M., Couturier, J., Dutrillaux, B. et al. (1976) Trisomie 21 et superoxyde dismutase-1 (IPO-A). Exp. Cell Res, 97, 47– 55. Sjogrein, T., Sjogren, H. and Lindgren, A. G. H. (1952) Morbus Alzheimer and morbus Pick. A genetical, clinical and patho-anatomical study. Acta. Path. Scand. Suppl. 82. Small, G. W. and Matsuyama, S. S. (1986) HLA-A2 as a possible marker for early-onset Alzheimer disease in man. Neurobiol. Ageing 7, 211– 214. Spence, M. A., Heyman, A., Marazeta, M. L., Sparkes, R. S. and Weinberg, T. (1986) Genetic linkage studies in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 36, 581– 584. St George-Hyslop, P. H., Tanzi, R. E., Polinsky, R. J. et al. (1987) The genetic defect causing familial Alzheimer's disease maps on chromosome 21. Science, 235, 885– 890. Tanzi, R. E., Gusella, J. F., Watkins, P. C., Bruns, G. A. P., St George-Hyslop, P., van Keuren, M. L., Patterson, D., Pagon, S., Kurnit, D. M. and Neve, R. L. (1987a) Amyloid β protein gene: cDNA, mRNA distribution and genetic linkage near the Alzheimer locus. Science, 235, 880– 884. Tanzi, R. E., St George-Hyslop, P. H., Hains, J. L., Polinsky, R. J., Nee, L., Foncin, J-F., Neve, R. L., McClatchey, A. I., Conneally, P. M. and Gusella, J. F. (1987b) The genetic defect in Alzheimer's disease is not tightly linked to the amyloid β protein gene. Nature, 329, 156– 157. Tanzi, R. E., Bird, E. D., Latt, S. A. and Neve, R. L. (1987c) The amyloid beta gene is not duplicated in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Science 238, 666– 669. Tanzi, R. E., McClatchey, A. I., Lamperti, E. D., Villa Komaroff, L., Gusella, J. F. and Neve, R. L. (1988) Protease inhibitor domain encoded by an amyloid protein precursor mRNA associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nature, 331: 528– 530. Ulrich, J. (1982) Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of the Alzheimer's type in non-demented individuals at presenile age. Gerontology 28, 86– 90. Van Broeckhoven, C., Gentle, A. M., Vanderberghe, A. et al. (1987) Failure of familial Alzheimer's disease to segregate with the A4 amyloid gene in several European families. Nature 329, 153– 156. Van Broeckhoven, C., Van Hul, W., Backhoven, S. H., Van Camp, G., Wehnert, A., Stinissen, P., Raeymaeckers, P., De Winter, G., Gheuns, J., Martin, J. J. and Vandenberghe, A. (1988) The familial Alzheimer disease gene is located close to the centromere of chromosome 21. Am. J. Hum. Gen. 43, A205. Wahrman, J., Gottein, R., Richler, C., Akstein, E. and Chaki, R. (1976) The mongoloid phenotype in man is due to trisomy of the distal pale G-band of chromosome 21. Chromosome Today 5, 241– 248. Weitkamp, L. R., Nee, L., Keats, B., Polinsky, R. J. and Gutormsen, S. (1983) Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for susceptibility loci on chromosomes 6 and 14. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 35, 443– 453. Whalley, L. J., Carothers, A. D., Collyer, S., DeMey, R. and Frackiewicz, A. (1982) A study of familial factors in Alzheimer's disease. Brit. J. Psychiat. 140, 249– 256. Whatley, S. A., Owen, M. J. and Murray, R. M. (1989) Neuropsychiatric disorders and the New genetics. In: The Bridge between Neurology and Psychiatry. ( M. Trimble and E. Reynolds Eds). Churchill, Livingstone, London. Wisniewski, H. M., Vorbroadt, A. W., Moretz, R. C., Lovinsky, A. S. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (1982) Pathogenesis of neuritic (senile) and amyloid plaque formation. In The Ageing Brain. ( S. Hoyer, Ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Zain, S. B., Salim, M., Chou, W-G, Sajdel-Sulkowska, E. M., Majocha, R. E. and Marotta, C. A. (1988) Molecular cloning of amyloid cDNA derived from mRNA of the Alzheimer's disease brain: Coding and noncoding regions of the fetal precursor mRNA are expressed in the cortex. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 929– 933. Zubenko, G. S., Huff, F. J., Beyer, J., Auerbach, J. and Teply, I. (1988) Familial risk of dementia associated with a biological subtype of Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 45, 889– 893. Citing Literature Volume5, Issue3May/June 1990Pages 145-159 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Publication Year: 1990
Publication Date: 1990-05-01
Language: en
Type: article
Indexed In: ['crossref']
Access and Citation
Cited By Count: 4
AI Researcher Chatbot
Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot