Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2131273085', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.14.001724', 'title': 'Discriminant analysis for recognition of human face images', 'display_name': 'Discriminant analysis for recognition of human face images', 'publication_year': 1997, 'publication_date': '1997-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2131273085', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.14.001724', 'mag': '2131273085'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.14.001724', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S130108588', 'display_name': 'Journal of the Optical Society of America A', 'issn_l': '1084-7529', 'issn': ['1084-7529', '1520-8532'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315679', 'host_organization_name': 'Optica Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315679'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Optica Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091269091', 'display_name': 'K. Etemad', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135298', 'display_name': 'Jensen Hughes (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033wnbm63', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135298']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kamran Etemad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hughes Network Systems, Germantown,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hughes Network Systems, Germantown,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135298']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102762707', 'display_name': 'Rama Chellappa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-1650'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210135298', 'display_name': 'Jensen Hughes (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/033wnbm63', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135298']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rama Chellappa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hughes Network Systems, Germantown,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hughes Network Systems, Germantown,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210135298']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 15.692, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 906, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999743, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '14', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '1724', 'last_page': '1724'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10057', 'display_name': 'Face and Expression Recognition', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10057', 'display_name': 'Face and Expression Recognition', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10689', 'display_name': 'Remote-Sensing Image Classification', 'score': 0.9926, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12389', 'display_name': 'Infrared Target Detection Methodologies', 'score': 0.9606, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/feature', 'display_name': 'Feature (linguistics)', 'score': 0.43696973}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7880969}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7824938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.77228755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C69738355', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929', 'display_name': 'Linear discriminant analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6975767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31510193', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553', 'display_name': 'Facial recognition system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6507458}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52622490', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626', 'display_name': 'Feature extraction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57198703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57493831', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666', 'display_name': 'Projection (relational algebra)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5547621}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779304628', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480', 'display_name': 'Face (sociological concept)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52454525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776401178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496', 'display_name': 'Feature (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43696973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78397625', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487', 'display_name': 'Discriminant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42761776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49937458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292', 'display_name': 'Probabilistic logic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41964936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31972630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240', 'display_name': 'Computer vision', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35653943}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08450225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36289849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749', 'display_name': 'Social science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.14.001724', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S130108588', 'display_name': 'Journal of the Optical Society of America A', 'issn_l': '1084-7529', 'issn': ['1084-7529', '1520-8532'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315679', 'host_organization_name': 'Optica Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315679'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Optica Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.65}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 39, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1550853776', 'https://openalex.org/W1600517698', 'https://openalex.org/W1926323357', 'https://openalex.org/W1971345515', 'https://openalex.org/W1972753295', 'https://openalex.org/W2000946162', 'https://openalex.org/W2020285660', 'https://openalex.org/W2020839919', 'https://openalex.org/W2032641757', 'https://openalex.org/W2040179990', 'https://openalex.org/W2048303399', 'https://openalex.org/W2056196772', 'https://openalex.org/W2062354294', 'https://openalex.org/W2067950060', 'https://openalex.org/W2075863131', 'https://openalex.org/W2095757522', 'https://openalex.org/W2098693229', 'https://openalex.org/W2098914003', 'https://openalex.org/W2098947662', 'https://openalex.org/W2103560185', 'https://openalex.org/W2113341759', 'https://openalex.org/W2114073781', 'https://openalex.org/W2115689562', 'https://openalex.org/W2116165535', 'https://openalex.org/W2123687672', 'https://openalex.org/W2125848778', 'https://openalex.org/W2126748385', 'https://openalex.org/W2130259898', 'https://openalex.org/W2132984323', 'https://openalex.org/W2135463994', 'https://openalex.org/W2137412989', 'https://openalex.org/W2139479015', 'https://openalex.org/W2156447271', 'https://openalex.org/W2157007857', 'https://openalex.org/W2159173611', 'https://openalex.org/W2159686933', 'https://openalex.org/W2168953725', 'https://openalex.org/W2468714721', 'https://openalex.org/W3141774725'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3147024994', 'https://openalex.org/W3021047493', 'https://openalex.org/W2374055396', 'https://openalex.org/W2362114017', 'https://openalex.org/W2350751952', 'https://openalex.org/W2063246903', 'https://openalex.org/W2021817983', 'https://openalex.org/W1999647744', 'https://openalex.org/W1995039490', 'https://openalex.org/W1978302214'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 21, 73, 95, 116], 'discrimination': [1, 139], 'power': [2, 140], 'of': [3, 24, 34, 37, 55, 58, 65, 75, 84, 102, 108, 138, 149, 175, 186], 'various': [4], 'human': [5, 38, 71, 176], 'facial': [6], 'features': [7, 85, 96], 'is': [8, 19, 118, 181, 194, 197], 'studied': [9], 'and': [10, 112, 123, 154, 196], 'a': [11, 81, 131, 135, 172], 'new': [12], 'scheme': [13, 125], 'for': [14, 68, 92, 126], 'automatic': [15], 'face': [16, 67], 'recognition': [17, 169], '(AFR)': [18], 'proposed.': [20], 'first': [22], 'part': [23], 'the': [25, 29, 41, 47, 56, 66, 70, 88, 106, 150, 184, 191], 'paper': [26], 'focuses': [27], 'on': [28, 147], 'linear': [30], 'discriminant': [31], 'analysis': [32, 51, 101, 162], '(LDA)': [33], 'different': [35, 62], 'aspects': [36], 'faces': [39, 76], 'in': [40, 46, 61], 'spatial': [42], 'as': [43, 45], 'well': [44], 'wavelet': [48], 'domain.': [49], 'This': [50], 'allows': [52], 'objective': [53, 107], 'evaluation': [54], 'significance': [57], 'visual': [59], 'information': [60, 91], 'parts': [63], '(features)': [64], 'identifying': [69], 'subject.': [72], 'LDA': [74], 'also': [77], 'provides': [78], 'us': [79], 'with': [80, 105, 134, 183], 'small': [82], 'set': [83], 'that': [86], 'carry': [87], 'most': [89], 'relevant': [90], 'classification': [93, 124, 179], 'purposes.': [94], 'are': [97, 152, 163], 'obtained': [98], 'through': [99], 'eigenvector': [100], 'scatter': [103], 'matrices': [104], 'maximizing': [109], 'between-class': [110], 'variations': [111], 'minimizing': [113], 'within-class': [114], 'variations.': [115], 'result': [117], 'an': [119], 'efficient': [120], 'projection-based': [121], 'feature-extraction': [122], 'AFR.': [127], 'Each': [128], 'projection': [129], 'creates': [130], 'decision': [132], 'axis': [133], 'certain': [136], 'level': [137], 'or': [141, 156], 'reliability.': [142], 'Soft': [143], 'decisions': [144], 'made': [145], 'based': [146], 'each': [148], 'projections': [151], 'combined,': [153], 'probabilistic': [155], 'evidential': [157], 'approaches': [158], 'to': [159, 165, 199], 'multisource': [160], 'data': [161], 'used': [164, 193], 'provide': [166], 'more': [167], 'reliable': [168], 'results.': [170], 'For': [171], 'medium-sized': [173], 'database': [174], 'faces,': [177], 'excellent': [178], 'accuracy': [180], 'achieved': [182], 'use': [185], 'very-low-dimensional': [187], 'feature': [188], 'vectors.': [189], 'Moreover,': [190], 'method': [192], 'general': [195], 'applicable': [198], 'many': [200], 'other': [201], 'image-recognition': [202], 'tasks.': [203]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2131273085', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 47}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 45}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 61}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 64}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 54}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-22T00:30:25.297020', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}