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4560], 'Ana': [54, 103, 2544], 'del': [55, 104, 106, 2545, 4395], 'Rio,': [56], 'PhDon': [58], 'behalf': [59, 122], 'of': [60, 80, 98, 116, 123, 136, 145, 164, 177, 199, 201, 219, 226, 306, 330, 351, 360, 375, 409, 439, 450, 463, 489, 508, 526, 538, 546, 579, 584, 588, 591, 597, 619, 674, 692, 720, 724, 735, 760, 837, 852, 867, 935, 944, 970, 980, 994, 1075, 1149, 1196, 1201, 1233, 1243, 1289, 1325, 1334, 1376, 1438, 1446, 1452, 1459, 1472, 1500, 1504, 1507, 1528, 1585, 1595, 1614, 1641, 1652, 1668, 1691, 1790, 1806, 1816, 1827, 1865, 1875, 1883, 1925, 1990, 2011, 2034, 2046, 2048, 2059, 2068, 2090, 2135, 2170, 2178, 2213, 2251, 2309, 2315, 2320, 2337, 2348, 2392, 2394, 2419, 2524, 2534, 2537, 2652, 2658, 2667, 2680, 2687, 2692, 2741, 2745, 2750, 2845, 2943, 2959, 3015, 3060, 3068, 3073, 3090, 3113, 3150, 3155, 3186, 3195, 3245, 3260, 3263, 3267, 3275, 3286, 3305, 3341, 3352, 3357, 3445, 3484, 3490, 3528, 3538, 3603, 3637, 3665, 3678, 3769, 3829, 3876, 3902, 3959, 4001, 4010, 4016, 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'2013https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002431Circulation.': [133], '2013;127:1763–1766Other': [134], 'version(s)': [135], 'this': [137, 146, 437, 1423, 1567, 1986, 2005, 2261, 2329, 2514, 2735], 'articleYou': [138], 'are': [139, 157, 181, 204, 222, 1218, 1270, 1548, 2103, 2116, 2285, 2427, 2737, 2757], 'viewing': [140], 'most': [142, 160, 1557, 2108, 2157], 'recent': [143, 247], 'version': [144, 3249], 'article.': [147], 'Previous': [148, 153, 3647], 'versions:': [149], 'April': [150, 2503, 3200, 4585], '30,': [151, 4586], '2013:': [152], 'Version': [154], '1': [155, 1067, 1113, 1419], 'Enterococci': [156, 3905], 'third': [159], 'common': [161], 'etiologic': [162], 'agent': [163], 'infective': [165, 365, 2846, 3145, 3246, 3426, 3674, 3830, 3962, 4013, 4119, 4232, 4440, 4566], 'endocarditis': [166, 203, 221, 366, 393, 402, 2661, 2847, 2939, 3168, 3247, 3343, 3492, 3540, 3606, 3963, 4120, 4327, 4358, 4441], 'worldwide': [167], 'after': [168, 710, 812, 1787, 2209], 'staphylococci': [169], 'streptococci': [171], 'cause': [173], '10%': [174], '15%': [176], 'cases.1': [178], 'Enterococcal': [179, 2681, 2894, 2938, 3167, 4326], 'infections': [180], 'increasingly': [182], 'relevant,': [183], 'especially': [184, 271, 1426, 1539, 2062], 'among': [185], 'elderly': [187, 1541], 'patients': [189, 227, 388, 398, 404, 598, 666, 763, 1054, 1326, 1337, 1401, 1542, 1702, 1751, 1762, 1782, 1799, 1809, 1820, 1884, 1904, 2074, 2194, 2253, 2316, 2397, 2422, 3872, 4523], 'with': [190, 209, 326, 334, 389, 399, 405, 503, 522, 565, 599, 655, 670, 737, 1057, 1094, 1245, 1248, 1272, 1302, 1328, 1355, 1373, 1435, 1543, 1703, 1706, 1714, 1732, 1753, 1764, 1800, 1971, 2055, 2070, 2148, 2162, 2238, 2300, 2317, 2365, 2398, 2423, 2432, 2477, 2670, 3092, 3175, 3531, 3545, 3607, 3964, 4160, 4524], 'comorbid': [191], 'conditions': [192], 'in': [193, 266, 324, 349, 425, 459, 472, 474, 495, 534, 541, 645, 682, 730, 755, 772, 788, 799, 822, 843, 1112, 1116, 1124, 1127, 1241, 1385, 1394, 1413, 1530, 1540, 1587, 1592, 1602, 1636, 1672, 1694, 1780, 1797, 1810, 1847, 1863, 1905, 1935, 2072, 2167, 2184, 2192, 2293, 2307, 2340, 2481, 2644, 2662, 2697, 2718, 2734, 2759, 2848, 2940, 3036, 3070, 3098, 3169, 3312, 3315, 3359, 3488, 3535, 3671, 3799, 3871, 3912, 4008, 4035, 4158, 4162, 4280, 4434, 4442, 4444, 4497, 4521, 4548], 'healthcare': [195, 3020], 'setting.2,3': [196], 'Approximately': [197], '90%': [198], 'cases': [200, 488, 691, 704, 1126, 2158, 2897], 'enterococcal': [202, 220, 3117], 'caused': [205, 211, 368, 561, 1576], 'by': [206, 212, 263, 322, 369, 476, 562, 570, 576, 627, 814, 870, 1224, 1297, 1311, 1577, 1625, 1647, 1658, 1737, 1999, 2123, 2130, 2153, 2245, 2287, 2296, 2352, 2373, 2699, 3055, 3271, 3639], 'faecalis,': [208, 4503], '<5%': [210], 'E.': [213, 363, 1172, 4502], 'faecium.2,3': [214], 'The': [215, 224, 339, 413, 461, 625, 1222, 1309, 1450, 1660, 1735, 1834, 2107, 2121, 3087, 4344, 4426], 'morbidity': [216], 'mortality': [218, 235, 1868], 'high.': [223], 'percentage': [225, 583, 596], 'requiring': [228], 'cardiac': [229, 2305], 'surgery': [230, 2306], '(42%)': [231], '1-year': [234, 805], 'rate': [236, 516, 1388, 1416, 1455, 2045], '(29%)': [237], 'have': [238, 281, 377, 1581, 2051, 2495], 'remained': [239, 379, 432], 'almost': [240, 291, 664], 'unchanged': [241, 380, 433], 'last': [244, 4446], '30': [245], 'years;': [246], 'data': [248, 581, 1136, 1320, 4129], 'show': [249], 'that': [250, 499, 616, 635, 663, 1146, 1180, 1229, 1285, 1369, 1525, 1629, 1665, 1699, 2004, 2025, 2064, 2114, 2362, 2400], 'they': [251, 2115], 'may': [252], 'even': [253, 811], 'be': [254, 1485, 1534, 1572, 2095, 2146, 2324, 2416, 2440, 3177], 'increasing.3Article': [255], 'see': [256], 'p': [257], '1810This': [258], 'worrying': [259], 'picture': [260], 'is': [261, 337, 574, 1315, 1425, 1433, 1462, 2014, 2111, 2127, 2262, 2291, 2359, 2367, 2401, 2436, 2457, 2507, 3415], 'worsened': [262], 'increase': [265], 'resistance': [267, 274, 3548], 'classic': [269, 2264], 'antimicrobials,': [270], 'high-level': [272, 1042, 3547], 'aminoglycoside': [273, 336, 1141, 2279], '(HLAR).': [275], 'However,': [276, 567, 1215, 1275, 1398, 1879], 'American': [277, 2510, 2747, 3051, 4596], 'Heart': [278, 2748, 3052, 3293, 4235, 4597], 'Association': [279], 'guidelines4': [280], 'not': [282, 638, 780, 1048, 1237, 1294, 1928, 2041, 2085, 2117, 2226, 2236, 2356, 2738], 'modified': [283, 681], 'their': [284], 'antibiotic': [285, 1261, 1569, 1967, 2186, 3795, 4126], 'recommendations': [286], 'non-HLAR': [288, 370, 457, 694, 1138, 1531, 1680, 1711, 1769, 1993, 2022, 2424], 'strains': [289, 1708, 1937, 3497], '6': [292, 395, 553, 1107, 1161, 1949, 2012, 2032, 2413], 'decades,': [293], 'no': [295, 617, 1052, 1356, 1801, 1855, 2270, 3546], 'randomized': [296], 'clinical': [297, 2335, 2642, 4570], 'trials': [298, 2643], 'support': [299], 'current': [300, 1583], 'evidence.': [301], 'Because': [302], 'empirical': [304], 'use': [305, 1451], 'ampicillin': [307, 346, 451, 1095, 1118, 1129, 1290, 1615, 1669, 1715, 1754, 1765, 1779, 1886, 1907, 1930, 1943, 1956, 2035, 2091, 2409, 2433, 2454, 2473, 2478, 3358, 3419, 3485, 3529, 3608, 3803, 4450, 4454], 'plus': [308, 355, 452, 891, 893, 896, 898, 1119, 1130, 1291, 1616, 1670, 1755, 1766, 1887, 1908, 1931, 1944, 1957, 2036, 2092, 2410, 2434, 2455, 2474, 2479, 3307, 3354, 3413, 3420, 3486, 3609, 3716, 3804, 3967, 4451, 4455], 'streptomycin': [309, 1975, 2406, 3069, 3093], 'has': [310, 430], 'proven': [311], 'efficacious5': [312], 'synergistic': [314, 1635], '(increased': [315], 'cell': [316], 'membrane': [317], 'permeability': [318], 'aminoglycosides': [320, 592, 3176, 4519], 'induced': [321], 'β-lactams': [323], 'vitro': [325, 1637, 3313, 3625], 'enterococci),6': [327], 'efficacy': [329, 447, 1288, 1611, 1690, 2389], 'combining': [331], 'a': [332, 406, 482, 504, 532, 650, 656, 671, 1189, 1210, 1277, 1322, 1329, 1340, 1346, 1352, 1409, 1443, 1457, 1463, 1582, 1598, 1630, 1695, 1788, 1880, 1965, 2009, 2210, 2263, 2326, 2333, 2368, 2467, 3017, 3147, 3913, 4131, 4163, 4348], 'β-lactam': [333, 1632], 'an': [335, 1742, 1918, 2015, 2301, 2341, 2383], 'unquestionable.': [338], 'latest': [340], 'AHA': [341, 1186, 1981], 'guidelines': [342, 540, 679, 1187, 1204, 1954, 3726], 'maintain': [343, 1260], 'penicillin': [344, 1249, 3091, 3306, 3965], '(or': [347], 'vancomycin': [348], 'case': [350, 1114, 3724], 'allergy': [352], 'β-lactams)': [354], 'gentamicin': [356, 414, 454, 547, 644, 675, 738, 765, 848, 1058, 1131, 1150, 1165, 1182, 1235, 1292, 1299, 1331, 1377, 1406, 1508, 1529, 1767, 1812, 1835, 1888, 1892, 1945, 2049, 2060, 2071, 2196, 2204, 2223, 2435, 2438, 2476, 2521, 3156, 3308, 3353, 3421, 3534, 4452], 'as': [357, 748, 1152, 1154, 1456, 1776, 1778, 3416, 3418, 3895], 'combination': [359, 1633, 1693, 1987, 2006, 4007], 'choice': [361, 1465, 1991, 2169], '(EFIE)': [367], 'strains.4': [371], 'Recommendations': [372], 'length': [374, 1826, 2067, 2212, 4124], 'treatment': [376, 564, 736, 859, 972, 1005, 1473, 1828, 1866, 1870, 1989, 2171, 2280, 2393, 2431, 2657, 3072, 3157, 3244, 3489, 3537, 3602, 4009, 4436], 'also': [378, 431, 753, 1167, 2128, 2323, 2458], 'since': [381, 676], '1980s,7': [383], 'namely': [384, 1524], '4': [385, 551, 1159, 1644, 1947, 2030, 2088], 'weeks': [386, 396, 554, 557, 1148, 1382, 1964, 2013, 2033, 2058, 2089, 2414, 2444], 'uncomplicated': [390, 2098], 'native': [391, 2099], 'valve': [392, 401, 726, 816, 1175, 2100], 'prosthetic': [400, 725, 815, 1174], '>3-month': [407], 'history': [408], 'symptoms': [410, 600, 2321], 'before': [411, 701, 758], 'diagnosis.4': [412], 'dose': [415, 777], 'schedule': [416, 778, 1190, 1836, 2224], '(3': [417], 'mg/kg': [418, 1060], 'per': [419], '24': [420], 'hours': [421], 'IV': [422, 1093, 1098], 'IM': [424], '3': [426, 611, 766, 1059, 1069, 1192, 1657, 1841, 1873, 2497], 'equally': [427, 1193], 'spaced': [428, 1194], 'doses)': [429], '2': [435, 556, 785, 1090, 1096, 1125, 1147, 1350, 1381, 1655, 1861, 2057, 2080, 2428, 2443], 'decades.In': [436], 'issue': [438], 'Circulation,': [440, 4289], 'Dahl': [441, 628, 871, 1312, 2124, 2246, 3124, 4558], 'et': [442, 629, 872, 876, 878, 880, 1226, 1282, 1313, 1607, 1685, 1739, 2001, 2125, 2155, 2247, 2298], 'al8': [443, 630, 873, 1314, 2126], 'report': [444], 'safety': [449, 1613, 2391], 'short-course': [453, 847, 894, 1164, 2475, 2520], 'treating': [456, 1077, 1553, 3423], 'EFIE': [458, 695, 1139, 1246, 1431, 1532, 1554, 1575, 1674, 1704, 1970, 2023, 2399], 'Denmark.8': [460], 'rationale': [462], 'study': [465, 485, 569, 626, 654, 1133, 1223, 1310, 1599, 1622, 1698, 1736, 1748, 1998, 2083, 2122, 2152, 2244, 2295, 3149, 3794], 'relies': [466], 'good': [469], 'results': [470, 529, 1269, 1518, 1661, 2143], 'reported': [471], '2002': [473], 'Sweden': [475], 'Olaison': [477, 571, 2800, 2866, 2928, 3163], 'Schadewitz,9': [479], 'who': [480, 1402, 1547, 2075, 2197], 'performed': [481, 649], '5-year': [483], 'prospective': [484, 652], 'including': [486, 1749], '93': [487], 'EFIE.': [490, 1620, 1994, 2395], 'Clinical': [491, 863, 1724, 2840, 3043, 3276, 3770, 4074, 4457], 'cure': [492, 1725], 'was': [493, 511, 520, 548, 623, 739, 752, 840, 860, 1087, 1151, 1166, 1183, 1293, 1371, 1389, 1623, 1634, 1741, 1773, 1785, 1813, 1829, 1837, 1845, 1927, 1939, 2027, 2079, 2188, 2205, 2225, 2235, 2355, 2648, 2695], 'achieved': [494], '75': [496], 'episodes': [497], '(81%)': [498], 'had': [500, 667, 1408, 1911], 'been': [501, 668, 2052], 'treated': [502, 669, 696, 705, 1056, 1247, 1327, 1713, 1752, 1763], 'median': [505, 901, 917, 937, 975, 982, 997, 1789, 1825, 2010, 2066, 2211], '2-week': [506], 'course': [507, 525, 545, 673, 1407, 1506, 1527], 'aminoglycosides.': [509, 566], 'Mortality': [510], '16%,': [512], 'relapse': [515], '3%,': [517], 'although': [518, 1917, 2038, 2328], 'neither': [519, 1979], 'associated': [521, 1372], 'shortened': [524, 1535, 2441], 'therapy.': [527], 'These': [528], 'led': [530, 1520], 'change': [533], 'Danish': [536, 3184, 3193], 'Society': [537, 1200, 3059, 3185, 3194, 3266, 3274, 3285], 'Cardiology': [539, 1202, 3196, 3268], '2007,10': [542], 'when': [543, 1085, 1104, 1552, 2185], 'reduced': [549], 'from': [550, 1321, 2898, 2948, 3022, 4130, 4449], 'reduce': [559], 'nephrotoxicity': [560, 1370], 'prolonged': [563, 2363], 'Schadewitz': [573, 3165], 'limited': [575, 2129], 'lack': [578], 'microbiological': [580], '(ie,': [582], 'HLAR),': [585], 'omission': [587], 'type': [590], 'used,': [593], 'low': [595, 2313], '>3': [602, 2318], 'months': [603, 1874, 2319], '(only': [604], '5%),': [605], 'short': [607, 672], 'follow-up': [608], '(53%': [609], 'at': [610, 1072, 1089, 1380, 1399, 1872, 1961], 'months),': [612], 'fact': [615, 2113], 'analysis': [618, 851, 1920, 2947], 'antimicrobial-associated': [620], 'adverse': [621, 854, 1802, 1817, 2271], 'events': [622, 855, 1002, 1818, 2272], 'provided.': [624], 'overcame': [631], 'these': [632, 1216, 1273], 'limitations.': [633, 2106], 'Hypothesizing': [634], 'outcomes': [636], 'would': [637, 2050, 2094], 'differ': [639, 781], 'between': [640, 783, 1358, 1859, 3153, 3630, 3863], 'short-': [641], 'standard-course': [643], 'EFIE,': [646, 966, 2268, 2425], 'authors': [648, 685, 1253, 1366], 'pilot': [651, 3148], 'cohort': [653, 1747, 4132], 'historical': [657], 'control': [658], 'group': [659, 845, 1910], '(Table).': [660], 'Furthermore,': [661], 'given': [662, 1088, 2007], 'all': [665, 773, 2230], 'national': [678], 'were': [680, 686, 728, 770, 797, 820, 1055, 1727, 1857, 2159, 2281], '2007,': [683], 'able': [687], 'compare': [689], '41': [690], 'left-sided': [693], 'during': [697, 706, 1869], '5': [699, 708, 1646, 2252], 'years': [700, 709], '43': [703, 1701], 'modifications.': [712], 'Baseline': [713], 'characteristics': [714], '(including': [715], 'Charlson': [716], 'comorbidity': [717, 915], 'index,': [718], 'duration': [719, 734, 1375, 1503, 3154], 'symptoms,': [721, 936], 'rates': [723, 1437, 1726], 'endocarditis)': [727], 'similar': [729, 754, 1305, 1393], 'both': [731, 756, 1395, 1676, 1936, 1974, 2019, 2136, 2380, 2405], 'groups.': [732], 'Mean': [733], '28': [740], '14days,': [742], 'respectively.': [743, 1853], 'Notably,': [744], 'renal': [745, 838, 923, 1083, 1102, 1440, 1448, 1460, 1513, 1545, 1822, 1895, 1913, 2077, 2181, 2199, 2233, 2275], 'function,': [746], 'expressed': [747, 2733], 'glomerular': [749, 1386, 1414, 1453, 2239], 'filtration': [750, 1387, 1415, 1454, 2240], 'rate,': [751], 'groups': [757, 786, 1862], 'initiation': [759], 'treatment.': [761], 'All': [762], 'received': [764, 1339, 1345, 1351, 1403], 'mg/kg;': [767], 'trough': [768], 'levels': [769, 1262], 'monitored': [771], 'cases;': [774], 'did': [779, 1236], 'significantly': [782, 1295, 1410], '(daily': [787], '82%': [789], '93%,': [791], 'respectively).': [792], 'No': [793, 818, 850], 'statistically': [794], 'significant': [795], 'differences': [796, 819, 1856], 'detected': [798], 'primary': [801], 'end': [802], 'point,': [803], 'event-free': [804], 'survival': [806], '(66%': [807], 'versus': [808, 1418, 1898, 3309, 3900], '69%;': [809], 'P=0.75),': [810], 'stratification': [813], 'endocarditis.': [817, 1176], 'found': [821, 1284, 1858], 'heart': [823], 'failure,': [824, 1546, 1867, 2182], 'stroke': [825], 'other': [827, 853, 1494, 1565, 2273], 'embolisms,': [828], 'in-hospital': [829, 831], 'surgery,': [830, 1015], 'mortality,': [832, 1022], 'relapses.': [834, 1734, 1878], 'Nonetheless,': [835], 'loss': [836], 'function': [839, 1084, 1103, 1461, 1514], 'less': [841, 1156], 'frequent': [842], 'receiving': [846, 1885], '(P=0.008).': [849], 'secondary': [856, 2277], 'antimicrobial': [858, 971, 2688, 3011, 3633], 'performed.Table.': [861], 'Main': [862], 'Characteristics': [864], 'Outcomes': [866], 'Studies': [869], 'Fernndez-Hidalgo': [875], 'al14Dahl': [877], 'al8Fernández-Hidalgo': [879], 'al14Country': [881], '(n': [882], 'sites)Denmark': [883], '(2)Spain': [884], '(17)': [885], 'Italy': [887], '(1)Study': [888], 'period2002–20062007–20112005–2011Antibiotic': [889], 'regimenAmpicillin': [890], 'gentamicin*Ampicillin': [892, 895], 'ceftriaxone†Ampicillin': [897], 'gentamicin*Patients,': [899], 'n414315987Age,': [900], '(IQR),': [902, 938, 976, 983, 998], 'y70': [903], '(12)‡70': [904], '(11)‡70': [905], '(63–77)70': [906], '(58–75)Male': [907], 'sex,': [908], 'n': [909, 925, 931, 946, 960, 967, 989, 1007, 1016, 1023, 1031], '(%)32': [910, 990], '(78)38': [911], '(88)114': [912], '(72)62': [913], '(71)Charlson': [914], 'score,': [916], '(IQR)1.8': [918], '(1.9)‡2.1': [919], '(1.7)‡2': [920], '(2–4)2': [921], '(1–4)Chronic': [922], 'impairment,': [924], '(%)7': [926], '(17)8': [927], '(19)53': [928], '(33)14': [929], '(16)Hemodialysis,': [930], '(%)ExcludedExcluded12': [932], '(8)3': [933], '(3)Duration': [934], 'd20': [939], '(14–32)30': [940], '(16–48)17': [941], '(5–44)19': [942], '(7–36)Type': [943], 'valve,': [945], '(%)Native': [947], 'valve27': [948], '(66)27': [949], '(63)98': [950], '(62)57': [951], '(66)Prosthetic': [952], 'valve14': [953], '(34)16': [954], '(37)59': [955], '(37)30': [956], '(34)Pacemaker……2': [957], '(1)…Perivalvular': [958], 'abscess,': [959], '(%)8': [961], '(20)8': [962], '(19)36': [963], '(23)22': [964], '(25)HLAR': [965], '(%)ExcludedExcluded51': [968], '(32)ExcludedDuration': [969], '(in': [973, 1029], 'survivors),': [974, 1030], 'dNDND42': [977], '(39–46)42': [978], '(35–44)Duration': [979], 'gentamicin,': [981, 2037, 2408], 'd28': [984], '(18–42)14': [985], '(7–15)NANDGentamicin': [986], 'once': [987], 'daily,': [988], '(80)40': [991], '(93)NA37': [992], '(43)Duration': [993], 'hospital': [995], 'stay,': [996], 'd42': [999], '(35–51)41': [1000], '(36–44)NDNDAdverse': [1001], 'leading': [1003, 4354], 'discontinuation,': [1006], '(%)Renal': [1008], 'failure2': [1009], '(5)1': [1010], '(2)020': [1011], '(23)Other§NDND2': [1012], '(1)2': [1013], '(2)In-hospital': [1014], '(%)15': [1017], '(37)14': [1018], '(33)53': [1019], '(33)35': [1020], '(40)In-hospital': [1021], '(%)4': [1024], '(10)2': [1025], '(5)42': [1026], '(26)22': [1027], '(25)Relapses': [1028], '(%)3/37': [1032], '(8)2/41': [1033], '(5)3/117': [1034], '(3)3/65': [1035], '(5)EFIE': [1036], 'indicates': [1037], 'faecalisinfective': [1039], 'endocarditis;': [1040], 'HLAR,': [1041], 'aminoglycoside-resistant;': [1043], 'IQR,': [1044], 'interquartile': [1045], 'range;': [1046], 'NA,': [1047], 'applicable;': [1049], 'ND,': [1051], 'data.All': [1053], '(up': [1061], '240': [1063], 'mg/d)': [1064], 'administered': [1065, 1774, 1959], 'intravenously': [1066], 'times': [1070, 1842, 2498], 'daily': [1071, 1181, 1330, 1341, 1843], 'discretion': [1074], 'physician': [1078], 'adjusted': [1080], 'according': [1081, 1100, 1509, 4121], 'necessary.*Ceftriaxone': [1086], 'g/12': [1091, 1722], 'h': [1092], 'g/4h': [1097], '(adjusted': [1099], 'necessary)': [1105], 'weeks.†Mean': [1108], '(SD).‡Rash/fever': [1109], 'leukopenia': [1111], 'each': [1115], 'ceftriaxone': [1120, 1617, 1671, 1720, 1756, 1909, 1932, 1958, 2093, 2208, 2411, 2456, 2480, 3414, 3487, 3532, 3717, 3968], 'group;': [1121], 'vestibular': [1122], 'toxicity': [1123], 'group.§This': [1132], 'provides': [1134], 'novel': [1135], 'use.': [1142], 'First,': [1143], 'it': [1144, 1178, 1467, 1784, 2026, 2506], 'demonstrates': [1145], 'efficacious': [1153, 1170], 'nephrotoxic': [1157], 'than': [1158, 1942, 2029, 2274], 'weeks.': [1162, 1950, 2081], 'Remarkably,': [1163], 'safe': [1168, 2460], 'Second,': [1177], 'shows': [1179], 'clinically': [1184, 3867], 'efficacious.': [1185], 'recommend': [1188, 1209], 'comprising': [1191], 'doses': [1195], 'gentamicin,4': [1197], 'European': [1199, 3265, 3273, 4234, 4527], '(ESC)': [1203], '(based': [1205], 'experimental': [1207, 1673, 3342, 3491, 3539], 'data)': [1208], 'twice-': [1211], 'thrice-daily': [1213, 1307, 1347], 'regimen.11': [1214], 'findings': [1217], 'open': [1219], 'debate.': [1221], 'Hessen': [1225, 3298], 'al12': [1227], 'showed': [1228], 'postantibiotic': [1231], 'effect': [1232, 3304, 3444], 'QD': [1234], 'achieve': [1238], 'bactericidal': [1239], 'concentrations': [1240], 'vegetations': [1242], 'rats': [1244], 'gentamicin;': [1251, 1977], 'suggested': [1254], 'shortening': [1255], 'dosing': [1257, 1300, 1304, 1362, 2449, 3350], 'interval': [1258], 'over': [1263], 'minimum': [1265], 'inhibitory': [1266], 'concentration.': [1267], 'Subsequent': [1268], 'consistent': [1271], 'findings.': [1274], 'using': [1276, 3348], 'human-like': [1278], 'pharmacokinetic': [1279], 'model,': [1280], 'Gavaldà': [1281, 1684, 3322, 3371, 3457, 3556], 'al13': [1283], 'therapeutic': [1287], 'affected': [1296, 2286], 'interval,': [1301], 'once-daily': [1303, 2448, 3349], 'dosing.13': [1308], 'first': [1317], 'provide': [1319, 1367], 'large': [1323], 'number': [1324], 'schedule.': [1332], 'Seventy-two': [1333], '84': [1336], '(86%)': [1338], 'regimen,': [1342, 1348, 1354], 'only': [1343, 2056, 2331], '10': [1344, 2202], 'twice-daily': [1353], 'association': [1357, 3862], 'poor': [1359], 'outcome': [1360, 1919, 2844], 'interval.': [1363], 'Third,': [1364], 'evidence': [1368], 'therapy': [1378, 1968, 2017, 2069, 2187, 2364, 3174, 3718, 4004], 'because': [1379, 1428, 1466, 1815, 2260], 'decrease': [1384, 1412], 'very': [1390, 2459], 'small': [1391, 2132], 'cohorts': [1396, 2137], '(P=0.65).': [1397], 'discharge,': [1400], 'standard': [1405], 'greater': [1411], '(11': [1417], 'mL/min;': [1420], 'P=0.008).': [1421], 'Therefore,': [1422], 'finding': [1424, 1628], 'relevant': [1427, 3868], 'typical': [1430], 'patient': [1432], 'older': [1434], 'high': [1436, 1444], 'chronic': [1439, 1544, 1912, 2180], 'failure': [1441, 1896, 1914, 2078, 2276], 'risk': [1445, 2265, 2347, 2369, 3636], 'rapid': [1447], 'impairment.': [1449], 'measure': [1458], 'wise': [1464], 'accurately': [1468], 'reflects': [1469], 'impact': [1471], 'kidney': [1475], 'integrity,': [1476], 'unlike': [1477], 'widely': [1479], 'used': [1480], 'creatinine': [1481], 'value,': [1482], 'which': [1483, 1580, 2173, 2290], 'can': [1484, 2439, 3172], 'easily': [1486], 'misinterpreted': [1487], 'depending': [1488], 'age,': [1490], 'muscle': [1491], 'mass,': [1492], 'factors.': [1495], 'Moreover,': [1496], 'avoiding': [1497], 'bias': [1499, 2259], 'selecting': [1501], 'individual': [1511], 'baseline': [1512, 2179], 'yielded': [1515], 'more': [1516, 1903], 'robust': [1517], 'clear': [1522], 'conclusions,': [1523], 'should': [1533, 2415], 'avoid': [1537, 2451], 'nephrotoxicity,': [1538], 'main': [1550], 'target': [1551], 'susceptible': [1558], 'developing': [1560], 'aminoglycoside-induced': [1561], 'toxicity.': [1562], 'On': [1563], 'hand,': [1566], 'new': [1568, 3790], 'regimen': [1570, 2418, 3351], 'cannot': [1571], 'extended': [1573], 'HLAR': [1578, 1677, 1707, 1758, 1926, 1972, 2020], 'strains,': [1579], 'prevalence': [1584], '22%': [1586], 'North': [1588], 'America': [1589], '38%': [1591], 'rest': [1594], 'world.3In': [1597], 'carried': [1600], 'out': [1601], 'Spain': [1603, 4443], 'Italy,': [1605], 'Fernández-Hidalgo': [1606, 1738, 2000, 2154, 2297, 3367, 3927], 'al14': [1608, 1740], 'investigated': [1609], 'treat': [1619], 'This': [1621, 2082], 'inspired': [1624], 'revealing': [1627], 'double': [1631], 'through': [1638, 2483], 'partial': [1639], 'saturation': [1640, 1651], 'penicillin-binding': [1642, 1653], 'proteins': [1643, 1654], 'amoxicillin': [1648, 3446], 'total': [1650], 'cefotaxime.15': [1659], 'prompted': [1662], 'animal': [1663], 'models': [1664], 'demonstrated': [1666], 'synergy': [1667], 'strains16': [1678], 'strains.17': [1681], 'Shortly': [1682], 'afterwards,': [1683], 'al18': [1686], 'proved': [1687, 1933], 'preliminary': [1689], 'multicenter,': [1696], 'open-label': [1697], 'evaluated': [1700], '(49%': [1705], '51%': [1710], 'strains)': [1712, 1759], '(2': [1716, 1721], 'g/4': [1717], 'h)': [1718], 'h).18': [1723], '71%': [1728], '73%,': [1730], 'respectively,': [1731], '5%': [1733], 'observational,': [1743], 'nonrandomized,': [1744], 'comparative,': [1745], 'multicenter': [1746], '159': [1750], '(32%': [1757], '87': [1761], '(all': [1768], 'strains;': [1770], 'Table).': [1771], 'long': [1777], '31': [1781], '(36%);': [1783], 'stopped': [1786, 1891, 2189], '23': [1791], 'days': [1792, 2215], '(interquartile': [1793, 2216], 'range,': [1794, 2217], '14–34': [1795], 'days)': [1796], '34': [1798], 'events.': [1803], 'In': [1804, 2150, 2201, 2220, 2242, 2311, 2396, 2421, 3624], '20': [1805], '22': [1808], 'whom': [1811], 'withdrawn': [1814], '(20': [1819], 'experienced': [1821], 'failure),': [1823], '14': [1830], '15': [1832, 2214, 4447], 'days.': [1833], '1,': [1838, 4366], '2,': [1839], 'unknown': [1846], '43%,': [1848, 1850], '7%,': [1849, 1852], 'Overall,': [1854], 'terms': [1864], 'follow-up,': [1876], 'higher': [1881, 2334], 'proportion': [1882], 'switched': [1889, 2191, 2206], 'owing': [1893], '(0%': [1897], '23%;': [1899], 'P<0.001).': [1900], 'At': [1901], 'baseline,': [1902], '(P=0.004),': [1915], 'based': [1921], 'presence': [1924], 'performed,': [1929], 'effective': [1934, 2016, 2096, 3417], 'globally': [1940], 'safer': [1941, 2028], 'AHA4': [1951], 'ESC11': [1953], 'consider': [1955], 'least': [1962], '8': [1963], 'potential': [1966, 2165, 2346], 'however,': [1978], 'nor': [1982], 'ESC': [1984, 4226], 'considers': [1985], 'We': [1995, 2627], 'believe': [1996], 'al': [2002], 'confirms': [2003], 'we': [2039], 'do': [2040], 'know': [2042], 'if': [2043], 'discontinuation': [2047], 'same': [2054, 2228], 'therapy,': [2061, 3012], 'considering': [2063], 'those': [2073, 2193, 2740], 'developed': [2076, 2198], 'does': [2084], 'clarify': [2086], 'whether': [2087], 'against': [2097, 3449, 3719, 3761, 3797, 3904], 'EFIE.Both': [2101], 'studies': [2102, 2284], 'subject': [2104], 'important': [2109], 'limitation': [2110], 'randomized,': [2118, 2469], 'controlled': [2119, 2470], 'trials.': [2120], 'sample': [2133], 'size': [2134], 'insufficient': [2139], 'power;': [2140], 'therefore,': [2141], 'need': [2144], 'interpreted': [2147], 'caution.': [2149], 'al,14': [2156], 'retrospectively': [2160], 'collected,': [2161], 'consequent': [2164], 'biases': [2166], 'combination,': [2172], 'depends': [2174], 'existence': [2177], 'failure.': [2200], 'patients,': [2203, 2231, 4135], '7–17': [2218], 'days).': [2219], 'addition,': [2221, 2312], 'impairment': [2234], 'assessed': [2237], 'rate.': [2241], 'al,': [2248, 2299], 'exclusion': [2250], 'undergoing': [2254, 3873], 'hemodialysis': [2255], 'could': [2256], 'represent': [2257], 'another': [2258], 'factor': [2266, 2370], 'assessed.': [2282, 2357], 'Both': [2283], 'referral': [2288], 'bias,': [2289], 'remarkable': [2292], 'initial': [2302], 'indication': [2303], '60%': [2308], 'cases.': [2310], 'numbers': [2314], 'might': [2322, 2330], 'considered': [2325], 'limitation,': [2327], 'reflect': [2332], 'suspicion': [2336], 'IE,': [2338], 'resulting': [2339], 'earlier': [2342], 'diagnosis.': [2343], 'Finally,': [2344], 'colonization': [2349, 3638], 'superinfection': [2351], 'drug-resistant': [2353], 'bacteria': [2354], 'It': [2358], 'well': [2360], 'known': [2361], 'cephalosporin': [2366], 'infection': [2372, 3865], 'vancomycin-resistant': [2374], 'enterococci': [2375, 3097, 3798], 'Clostridium': [2377], 'difficile.19In': [2378], 'conclusion,': [2379], 'publications': [2381], 'make': [2382], 'enormous': [2384], 'contribution': [2385], 'improving': [2387], 'highly': [2402, 3498], 'resistant': [2403, 3499], 'choice.': [2420], 'there': [2426], 'options:': [2429], 'If': [2430], 'chosen,': [2437], 'simplified': [2446], 'nephrotoxicity;': [2452], 'conversely,': [2453], 'effective.': [2462], 'Unfortunately,': [2463], 'efforts': [2464], 'perform': [2466], 'multinational,': [2468], 'trial': [2471], 'comparing': [2472], 'Europe': [2482], 'different': [2484], '7th': [2485], 'Framework': [2486], 'Program': [2487], '(FP7)-HEALTH-2011/2012': [2488], 'calls': [2489], '(AMPICEF,': [2490], 'OCEPEE,': [2491], 'TOTEM': [2493, 2675], 'proposals)': [2494], 'failed': [2496], '(Pierre': [2499], 'Tattevin,': [2500], 'personal': [2501], 'communication,': [2502], '2013).': [2504], 'Maybe': [2505], 'time': [2508], 'physicians': [2511], 'address': [2513], 'problem': [2515], 'resolve': [2517], 'dilemma:': [2519], 'ceftriaxone?AcknowledgmentsMembers': [2523], 'Clínic': [2527, 2753], 'Group,': [2530], 'Clínic–IDIBAPS,': [2532], 'Barcelona': [2535], 'School': [2536], 'Medicine,': [2538, 3771, 4529], 'Spain:': [2540], 'José': [2541, 2598], 'Miró,': [2543], 'Río,': [2546], 'Asuncion': [2547], 'Moreno,': [2548], 'Ximena': [2552], 'Castañeda,': [2553], 'Carlos': [2554, 2580, 2586, 2709], 'Cervera,': [2555], 'Gatell': [2558, 4417], '(Infectious': [2559], 'Service);': [2561, 2579, 2614, 2618, 2622], 'Cristina': [2562], 'Garcia': [2563, 4400], 'de': [2564, 2702, 2707, 3377, 3404, 3568, 4401], 'la': [2565, 3405, 3569, 4402], 'Mària,': [2566], 'Yolanda': [2567], 'Armero,': [2568], '(Experimental': [2569], 'Laboratory);': [2571], 'Manel': [2572, 2592], 'Almela,': [2573], 'Francesc': [2574], 'Marco,': [2575], 'Jordi': [2576], 'Vila,': [2577], '(Microbiology': [2578], 'A.': [2581, 3339, 3411, 3482, 3526, 3599], 'Mestres,': [2582], 'C.': [2584], 'Paré,': [2585], 'Falces,': [2587], 'Ramón': [2588], 'Cartañá,': [2589], 'Salvador': [2590], 'Ninot,': [2591], 'Azqueta,': [2593], 'Marta': [2594], 'Sitges,': [2595], 'Magda': [2596], 'Heras,': [2597], 'L.': [2599], 'Pomar': [2600], '(Cardiovascular': [2601], 'Institute);': [2602], 'Ramírez,': [2604], 'Teresa': [2605], 'Ribalta': [2606], '(Pathology': [2607], 'Department);': [2608], 'Guillermina': [2609], 'Fita,': [2610], 'Irene': [2611], 'Rovira': [2612], '(Anesthesiology': [2613], 'Merce': [2615], 'Brunet': [2616], '(Toxicology': [2617], 'Dolors': [2619], 'Soy': [2620, 4415], '(Pharmacy': [2621], 'Jaume': [2624], 'Llopis': [2625, 4100, 4316], '(Statistician).': [2626], 'thank': [2628], 'Dr': [2629, 2646], 'Pierre': [2630], 'Tattevin': [2631, 2647], '(Rennes': [2632], 'Hospital,': [2634], 'France)': [2635], 'information': [2638], 'provided': [2639], 'regarding': [2640], 'Europe.': [2645], 'Principal': [2650], 'Investigator': [2651], 'AMPICEF': [2654], "('Optimizing": [2655, 2665], "Europe'),": [2663], 'OCEPEE': [2664], 'Care': [2666], 'Elderly': [2668], 'Patients': [2669], "Endocarditis'),": [2673], "('To": [2676], 'Optimize': [2677], 'Treatment': [2679, 3259, 3340, 3958], 'bacteremia,': [2682], 'Minimize': [2684], 'emergence': [2686], 'drug': [2689], "resistance')": [2690], 'trials.Sources': [2691], 'FundingThis': [2693], 'work': [2694], 'supported': [2696], 'part': [2698], 'Ministerio': [2701], 'Sanidad': [2703], 'y': [2704], 'Consumo,': [2705], 'Instituto': [2706], 'Salud': [2708], 'III': [2710], '(Madrid,': [2711], 'Spain),': [2712, 2724], 'Spanish': [2714], 'Network': [2715], 'Research': [2717], '(REIPI': [2721], 'RD06/0008,': [2722], 'Madrid,': [2723], 'Fundación': [2726], 'Máximo': [2727], 'Soriano': [2728], 'Jiménez': [2729], '(Barcelona,': [2730], 'Spain).DisclosuresNone.FootnotesThe': [2731], 'opinions': [2732], 'article': [2736], 'necessarily': [2739], 'editors': [2743], 'Association.*Members': [2749], 'listed': [2758], 'Acknowledgments.Correspondence': [2761], 'Clínic,': [2772], 'Helios-Villarroel': [2773], 'Bldg,': [2774], 'Desk': [2775], '26,': [2777], 'Villarroel': [2778], '170,': [2779], '08036': [2780], 'E-mail': [2783], '[email': [2784], 'protected]References1.': [2785], 'Murdoch': [2786], 'DR,': [2787], 'Corey': [2788, 2888, 2920], 'GR,': [2789, 2889], 'Hoen': [2790, 2870, 2930, 3206], 'B,': [2791, 2871, 3207, 3213, 3327, 3370, 3470, 3597, 4099, 4146, 4201, 4205, 4257, 4469, 4479], 'Miró': [2792, 3560, 4108, 4323], 'JM,': [2793, 2873, 2927, 2991, 3401, 3561, 3581], 'Fowler': [2794, 2878, 2974, 4250], 'VG,': [2795, 2879, 2975], 'Bayer': [2796, 2972, 4248], 'AS,': [2797, 2973], 'Karchmer': [2798], 'AW,': [2799], 'L,': [2801, 2867, 2929, 3164, 3229, 3333, 3438, 3655, 4051, 4245], 'Pappas': [2802, 2884], 'PA,': [2803, 2885], 'Moreillon': [2804, 3216], 'P,': [2805, 2815, 2981, 3139, 3209, 3217, 3233, 3464, 3563, 3591, 4183, 4199, 4218, 4259, 4477], 'Chambers': [2806], 'ST,': [2807, 2995], 'Chu': [2808, 2917, 4030], 'VH,': [2809, 2918], 'Falcó': [2810, 3594], 'V,': [2811, 3595, 3619, 3701, 4144, 4251], 'Holland': [2812], 'DJ,': [2813, 2869], 'Jones': [2814], 'Klein': [2816], 'JL,': [2817, 3436, 3516], 'Raymond': [2818], 'NJ,': [2819], 'Read': [2820], 'KM,': [2821], 'Tripodi': [2822], 'MF,': [2823], 'Utili': [2824], 'R,': [2825, 3706, 3708, 3746, 3750, 4194, 4269], 'Wang': [2826, 4025], 'A,': [2827, 3125, 3235, 3379, 3391, 3567, 3593, 3657, 3689, 3691, 3693, 3737, 3739, 3741, 3780, 3981, 3985, 4026, 4089, 4249, 4265, 4271, 4397, 4399], 'Woods': [2828], 'CW,': [2829], 'Cabell': [2830, 2886], 'CH;': [2831], 'International': [2832, 2853, 2900, 2932, 2950, 3284, 3676], 'Collaboration': [2833, 2854, 2901, 2933, 2951], 'Endocarditis-Prospective': 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