Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2130068121', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x', 'title': 'A peninsula as an island: multiple forms of evidence for overwater colonization of Baja California by the gartersnake Thamnophis validus', 'display_name': 'A peninsula as an island: multiple forms of evidence for overwater colonization of Baja California by the gartersnake Thamnophis validus', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-10-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2130068121', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x', 'mag': '2130068121'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-pdf/95/2/409/16710830/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S98424699', 'display_name': 'Biological Journal of the Linnean Society', 'issn_l': '0024-4066', 'issn': ['0024-4066', '1095-8312'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-pdf/95/2/409/16710830/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112062511', 'display_name': 'Alan de Queiroz', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'ALAN DE QUEIROZ', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['826 Delmar Way, Reno NV 89509, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '826 Delmar Way, Reno NV 89509, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5032046374', 'display_name': 'Robin Lawson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2803094215', 'display_name': 'California Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02wb73912', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'archive', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2803094215']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'ROBIN LAWSON', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Comparative Genomics and Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Comparative Genomics and Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2803094215']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.584, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 19, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.761976, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 87, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': '95', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '409', 'last_page': '424'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10332', 'display_name': 'Amphibian and Reptile Biology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10332', 'display_name': 'Amphibian and Reptile Biology', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10012', 'display_name': 'Genetic diversity and population structure', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10199', 'display_name': 'Wildlife Ecology and Conservation', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/vicariance', 'display_name': 'Vicariance', 'score': 0.97297823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/aridification', 'display_name': 'Aridification', 'score': 0.75289524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/disjunct', 'display_name': 'Disjunct', 'score': 0.74419385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mainland', 'display_name': 'Mainland', 'score': 0.54313517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/land-bridge', 'display_name': 'Land bridge', 'score': 0.5175997}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/disjunct-distribution', 'display_name': 'Disjunct distribution', 'score': 0.4695174}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/peninsula', 'display_name': 'Peninsula', 'score': 0.46388823}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161894630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853848', 'display_name': 'Vicariance', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.97297823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181060458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4790326', 'display_name': 'Aridification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.75289524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781445333', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898602', 'display_name': 'Disjunct', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.74419385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47559259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143', 'display_name': 'Biological dispersal', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6914626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.54881424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781300146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140140', 'display_name': 'Mainland', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54313517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46541322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864812', 'display_name': 'Land bridge', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5175997}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.49342337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781148125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80583', 'display_name': 'Gondwana', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48102552}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123575903', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52106', 'display_name': 'Biogeography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.475059}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C53250217', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228546', 'display_name': 'Disjunct distribution', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4695174}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123588078', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34763', 'display_name': 'Peninsula', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46388823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115225378', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853848', 'display_name': 'Allopatric speciation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41945684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C53570757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25546', 'display_name': 'Pleistocene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41414618}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3473233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94043034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377756', 'display_name': 'Phylogeography', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.23683825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C193252679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125', 'display_name': 'Phylogenetic tree', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.17875168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16890272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109007969', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565', 'display_name': 'Structural basin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.12566206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.09048897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07168439}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-pdf/95/2/409/16710830/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S98424699', 'display_name': 'Biological Journal of the Linnean Society', 'issn_l': '0024-4066', 'issn': ['0024-4066', '1095-8312'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-pdf/95/2/409/16710830/j.1095-8312.2008.01049.x.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S98424699', 'display_name': 'Biological Journal of the Linnean Society', 'issn_l': '0024-4066', 'issn': ['0024-4066', '1095-8312'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life below water', 'score': 0.73, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 94, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1537938646', 'https://openalex.org/W1539968307', 'https://openalex.org/W1542164797', 'https://openalex.org/W1589258789', 'https://openalex.org/W1845578589', 'https://openalex.org/W1897064680', 'https://openalex.org/W1901627773', 'https://openalex.org/W1934545424', 'https://openalex.org/W1939698108', 'https://openalex.org/W1966700579', 'https://openalex.org/W1969509457', 'https://openalex.org/W1974744321', 'https://openalex.org/W1979859318', 'https://openalex.org/W1982357496', 'https://openalex.org/W1982848324', 'https://openalex.org/W1985236399', 'https://openalex.org/W1987310970', 'https://openalex.org/W1993030712', 'https://openalex.org/W2019866035', 'https://openalex.org/W2021793638', 'https://openalex.org/W2028135381', 'https://openalex.org/W2032437386', 'https://openalex.org/W2034644511', 'https://openalex.org/W2043444190', 'https://openalex.org/W2051617339', 'https://openalex.org/W2057395986', 'https://openalex.org/W2064883912', 'https://openalex.org/W2065297335', 'https://openalex.org/W2068534311', 'https://openalex.org/W2069886907', 'https://openalex.org/W2071982459', 'https://openalex.org/W2073136251', 'https://openalex.org/W2082928585', 'https://openalex.org/W2094776569', 'https://openalex.org/W2097470069', 'https://openalex.org/W2102445850', 'https://openalex.org/W2104047654', 'https://openalex.org/W2108027362', 'https://openalex.org/W2108574864', 'https://openalex.org/W2111445984', 'https://openalex.org/W2112337452', 'https://openalex.org/W2112768399', 'https://openalex.org/W2124060421', 'https://openalex.org/W2127358442', 'https://openalex.org/W2130313538', 'https://openalex.org/W2132469061', 'https://openalex.org/W2133050257', 'https://openalex.org/W2136571534', 'https://openalex.org/W2143088973', 'https://openalex.org/W2151382623', 'https://openalex.org/W2152204034', 'https://openalex.org/W2152899197', 'https://openalex.org/W2154276443', 'https://openalex.org/W2164418313', 'https://openalex.org/W2164533927', 'https://openalex.org/W2164536380', 'https://openalex.org/W2170250301', 'https://openalex.org/W2171420618', 'https://openalex.org/W2174335980', 'https://openalex.org/W2174530145', 'https://openalex.org/W2175644214', 'https://openalex.org/W2177816505', 'https://openalex.org/W2180920901', 'https://openalex.org/W2195158919', 'https://openalex.org/W2268558635', 'https://openalex.org/W229994123', 'https://openalex.org/W2312255343', 'https://openalex.org/W2316083573', 'https://openalex.org/W2321544600', 'https://openalex.org/W2321952715', 'https://openalex.org/W2322546370', 'https://openalex.org/W2325338250', 'https://openalex.org/W2329549300', 'https://openalex.org/W2331527061', 'https://openalex.org/W2403160766', 'https://openalex.org/W2481453354', 'https://openalex.org/W2498007288', 'https://openalex.org/W2523137397', 'https://openalex.org/W2978307625', 'https://openalex.org/W3121242059', 'https://openalex.org/W3199943451', 'https://openalex.org/W3217097258', 'https://openalex.org/W419032153', 'https://openalex.org/W4212818303', 'https://openalex.org/W4241061951', 'https://openalex.org/W4250735014', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4299541976', 'https://openalex.org/W4300812038', 'https://openalex.org/W4300925890', 'https://openalex.org/W4388325144', 'https://openalex.org/W585341519', 'https://openalex.org/W631040667', 'https://openalex.org/W78188072'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2793380271', 'https://openalex.org/W2292914307', 'https://openalex.org/W2290435872', 'https://openalex.org/W2287441285', 'https://openalex.org/W2168516878', 'https://openalex.org/W2151842262', 'https://openalex.org/W2147787605', 'https://openalex.org/W2123760952', 'https://openalex.org/W1977907939', 'https://openalex.org/W1961588946'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 69, 278], 'recent': [1], 'shift': [2], 'toward': [3], 'dispersal': [4, 132, 271], 'rather': [5], 'than': [6, 178, 202, 214, 275], 'vicariant': [7], 'explanations': [8, 59], 'of': [9, 18, 30, 53, 64, 71, 78, 93, 101, 115, 118, 123, 136, 171, 207, 235, 262, 287, 301], 'disjunct': [10, 62], 'distributions': [11], 'has': [12], 'been': [13], 'driven': [14], 'by': [15, 127, 188], 'the': [16, 42, 61, 65, 75, 79, 90, 102, 116, 134, 156, 166, 205, 218, 236, 240, 243, 253, 256, 282], 'use': [17], 'molecular': [19], 'data': [20], 'to': [21, 57, 228, 292, 297], 'estimate': [22], 'divergence': [23, 290], 'dates': [24], 'between': [25], 'lineages.': [26], 'However,': [27], 'other': [28, 154], 'kinds': [29, 286], 'evidence': [31], 'can': [32], 'also': [33], 'be': [34, 96], 'critical': [35], 'in': [36, 74, 305], 'evaluating': [37], 'such': [38], 'biogeographic': [39], 'hypotheses.': [40], 'In': [41, 164], 'present': [43, 279], 'study,': [44], 'we': [45], 'used': [46], 'a': [47], 'multifaceted': [48], 'approach': [49], 'employing': [50], 'diverse': [51], 'analyses': [52], 'mitochondrial': [54], 'DNA': [55], 'sequences': [56], 'assess': [58], 'for': [60, 284], 'distribution': [63], 'gartersnake': [66], 'Thamnophis': [67], 'validus.': [68], 'occurrence': [70], 'this': [72, 119, 181], 'species': [73, 121, 219], 'Cape': [76, 257], 'Region': [77, 258], 'Baja': [80], 'California': [81], 'peninsula,': [82], 'isolated': [83], 'from': [84, 104, 152, 222, 255], 'mainland': [85, 105, 148, 169, 196, 209, 246], 'populations': [86], 'that': [87, 145, 242, 269], 'occur': [88], 'along': [89], 'west': [91], 'coast': [92], 'Mexico,': [94], 'might': [95, 226], 'explained': [97], 'by:': [98], '(1)': [99, 190], 'separation': [100], 'peninsula': [103], 'Mexico': [106], 'through': [107], 'rifting': [108], '4–8': [109], 'mya': [110], '(tectonic': [111], 'vicariance);': [112], '(2)': [113, 204], 'fragmentation': [114], 'range': [117], 'semi-aquatic': [120], 'because': [122], 'post-Pleistocene': [124], 'aridification': [125], '(vicariance': [126], 'aridification);': [128], '(3)': [129, 217], 'natural': [130, 270], 'overwater': [131, 263], 'across': [133, 252], 'Gulf': [135, 254], 'California;': [137], 'or': [138, 303], '(4)': [139], 'human': [140, 276], 'introduction.': [141, 277], 'Divergence': [142], 'dating': [143], 'indicates': [144], 'peninsular': [146, 172, 191], 'and': [147, 193, 216, 239, 296], 'T.': [149], 'validus': [150], 'separated': [151], 'each': [153], 'within': [155], 'last': [157], '0.5': [158], 'myr,': [159], 'thus': [160], 'rejecting': [161], 'tectonic': [162], 'vicariance.': [163], 'addition,': [165], 'estimated': [167, 244], 'closest': [168, 195, 208, 245], 'relatives': [170, 197, 210, 247], 'snakes': [173, 192], 'are': [174, 198, 248], 'found': [175, 249], 'farther': [176, 212], 'north': [177], 'expected': [179], 'under': [180], 'hypothesis.': [182], 'Three': [183], 'findings': [184], 'argue': [185], 'against': [186], 'vicariance': [187, 237], 'aridification:': [189], 'their': [194], 'more': [199, 273], 'genetically': [200], 'similar': [201], 'predicted;': [203, 215], 'location': [206], 'is': [211, 220, 272], 'south': [213], 'absent': [221], 'areas': [223], 'where': [224], 'one': [225], 'expect': [227], 'find': [229], 'relict': [230], 'populations.': [231], 'Taken': [232], 'together,': [233], 'refutation': [234, 304], 'hypotheses': [238, 295], 'fact': [241], 'almost': [250], 'directly': [251], 'supports': [259], 'some': [260], 'form': [261], 'colonization.': [264], 'Various': [265], 'additional': [266], 'arguments': [267], 'suggest': [268], 'likely': [274], 'study': [280], 'emphasizes': [281], 'need': [283], 'multiple': [285], 'evidence,': [288], 'beyond': [289], 'dates,': [291], 'discriminate': [293], 'among': [294], 'provide': [298], 'independent': [299], 'sources': [300], 'corroboration': [302], 'historical': [306], 'biogeography.': [307]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2130068121', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-19T21:52:25.117496', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}