Change in Basal Ganglia Volume Over 2 Years in Patients With Schizophrenia: Typical Versus Atypical Neuroleptics

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Patricia Westmoreland Corson; Peg Nopoulos; Del D. Miller; Stephan Arndt; Nancy C. Andreasen
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'suggest': [130, 2134], 'neuroleptic': [132, 177, 217, 273, 424, 446, 538, 591, 631, 650, 687, 857, 886, 903, 920, 1000, 1355, 1543, 1551, 1562, 1570, 1743, 1873, 1997, 2054, 2097, 2136, 2239, 2263, 2296, 2323, 2498, 2646, 3060, 3079], 'medication': [133, 178, 274, 447, 539, 921, 1744, 2436, 2499, 2579, 2615, 3123], 'changes': [134, 575, 583, 1712, 2141, 2149], 'basal': [135, 146, 155, 184, 236, 278, 293, 336, 394, 533, 552, 563, 690, 1209, 1676, 1731, 1768, 1815, 1842, 1898, 1925, 2143, 2206, 2279, 2353, 2368, 2377, 2402, 2433, 2527, 2595, 2635, 2758, 3345], 'ganglia': [136, 147, 156, 185, 237, 279, 294, 337, 395, 534, 553, 564, 691, 728, 1210, 1677, 1732, 1769, 1816, 1843, 1899, 1926, 2144, 2207, 2280, 2326, 2354, 2369, 2378, 2403, 2434, 2528, 2596, 2636, 2759, 2950, 3346], 'volume.': [137], 'To': [138], 'explore': [139], 'possibility,': [141], 'the': [142, 166, 201, 222, 232, 247, 260, 268, 282, 312, 333, 393, 408, 421, 431, 440, 493, 532, 560, 580, 587, 593, 617, 629, 648, 666, 683, 740, 756, 777, 783, 799, 814, 832, 846, 896, 907, 941, 953, 991, 994, 1033, 1053, 1081, 1086, 1099, 1183, 1208, 1231, 1235, 1239, 1261, 1267, 1273, 1284, 1305, 1322, 1341, 1361, 1389, 1404, 1453, 1473, 1490, 1494, 1533, 1583, 1589, 1629, 1632, 1636, 1680, 1711, 1717, 1735, 1756, 1791, 1800, 1840, 1876, 1889, 1904, 1924, 1940, 1949, 1991, 2037, 2051, 2057, 2067, 2095, 2153, 2163, 2197, 2205, 2300, 2303, 2314, 2319, 2329, 2351, 2366, 2376, 2412, 2427, 2432, 2465, 2487, 2508, 2544, 2588, 2593, 2651, 2677, 3275, 3292, 3323, 3396, 3485, 3553, 3606, 3671, 3721, 3873, 4004], 'authors': [143], 'assessed': [144, 1128], 'volume': [148, 238, 280, 295, 334, 360, 396, 494, 565, 618, 692, 1678, 1733, 1770, 1817, 1844, 1852, 1862, 1870, 1995, 2032, 2171, 2315, 2327, 2370, 2404, 2428, 2529, 2597, 2637, 2925, 3058, 3085, 3648], 'change': [149, 276, 1818, 1845, 1853, 1863, 2172, 2292, 2304, 2316, 2801], 'individuals': [151], 'who': [152, 175, 452, 482, 1739, 2015, 2554, 2591], 'had': [153, 983, 1003, 1013, 1294, 1406, 1415, 1445, 1478, 2016, 2503, 2555], 'their': [154, 657, 802, 817, 1917, 1983, 2084], 'structures': [157, 338, 1900, 1927, 2374, 2897], 'delineated': [158], 'measured': [160, 196, 735, 2287, 3170], 'on': [161, 206, 439, 662, 739, 776, 1170, 1220, 1230, 1238, 1315, 1781, 1948, 2056, 2152, 2654, 2739, 3081, 3124, 3165, 3392, 3870], 'magnetic': [162, 207, 319, 2864, 2904], 'resonance': [163, 208, 320, 2828, 2865, 2905], 'scans': [164, 720, 745, 914, 1065, 1151, 1642], 'at': [165, 210, 455, 665, 825, 835, 895, 1038, 1058, 1080, 1530, 1593, 1602, 1614, 2563, 2650], 'beginning': [167, 667, 1082], 'end': [169, 669, 1084], 'a': [171, 227, 264, 383, 401, 502, 524, 671, 723, 780, 974, 1070, 1092, 1120, 1178, 1691, 1700, 1726, 1764, 1782, 1805, 1823, 1929, 1956, 1962, 2030, 2100, 2111, 2120, 2169, 2214, 2236, 2274, 2289, 2408, 2445, 2541, 2606, 2743, 2762, 2863, 2903, 2928, 3225, 3651], '2-year': [172, 233, 269, 674, 718, 818, 1087, 1390, 1681, 2290], 'period': [173, 1496], 'received': [176, 1155, 1740, 2556, 2668], 'during': [179, 397, 906, 1472, 1489, 3555], 'time.': [181], 'METHOD:': [182], 'The': [183, 703, 820, 879, 926, 1162, 1191, 1242, 1279, 1441, 2311, 3075, 3119, 3220, 3247, 3344], 'volumes': [186, 729, 2104, 2281, 3029, 3194], '23': [188, 696, 750, 978, 2268, 2334], 'male': [189, 697, 751, 2269], 'patients': [190, 240, 252, 340, 370, 451, 475, 663, 698, 752, 824, 998, 1012, 1394, 1444, 1461, 1587, 1738, 2011, 2041, 2089, 2124, 2209, 2283, 2335, 2553, 2590, 2610, 3033, 3196], 'with': [191, 341, 344, 371, 464, 476, 485, 537, 699, 753, 861, 1006, 1016, 1098, 1399, 1410, 1465, 1760, 1827, 1871, 1878, 1888, 2012, 2027, 2125, 2140, 2210, 2284, 2318, 2339, 2346, 2386, 2450, 2496, 3059, 3132, 3171, 3198], 'schizophrenia': [192, 342, 372, 700, 757, 759, 806, 1911, 1944, 2014, 2127, 2211, 2222, 2779, 2807, 2953], 'spectrum': [193, 701, 807, 812], 'disorders': [194], 'were': [195, 453, 483, 638, 734, 771, 792, 859, 999, 1066, 1096, 1126, 1167, 1194, 1299, 1327, 1358, 1395, 1462, 2065, 2568, 2587], 'from': [197, 407, 509, 736, 1223, 1312, 2091, 2131, 2162, 2439], 'manual': [198, 737], 'traces': [199], 'delineating': [200], 'caudate': [202, 1163, 1866, 2008, 2038, 2103, 2873, 2924, 3027, 3057, 3082, 3102], 'lenticular': [204, 732, 1165, 1213, 1252, 1256, 1335, 1339, 1868, 2832], 'nucleus': [205, 1166, 1869], 'images': [209], 'admission': [211], 'years': [214, 224, 829, 840, 909, 1028, 1048, 1343, 1357, 1374, 1384, 1428, 1437, 1505, 1515, 1546, 1554, 1565, 1573, 1606, 1618, 1656, 1671, 2995], 'later.': [215], 'Patients’': [216], 'exposure': [218, 270, 285, 298, 305, 627, 688, 705, 889, 1480, 1487, 1527, 1810, 1874, 1879, 1998, 2019, 2260, 2297, 2506, 3080, 3233], 'was': [219, 249, 353, 361, 377, 711, 827, 838, 854, 882, 890, 947, 963, 973, 1040, 1060, 1218, 1246, 1275, 1281, 1536, 1578, 1595, 1623, 1683, 1699, 1790, 1846, 1883, 2034, 2048, 2358], 'calculated': [220, 712, 891, 965], 'over': [221, 966, 1452, 1679, 1713, 2288, 2802], 'using': [226, 512, 722, 937, 1069, 1091, 1135, 1176, 1690, 3370], 'dose-year': [228, 724, 880], 'formula.': [229], 'RESULTS:': [230], 'During': [231, 1388], 'period,': [234, 676, 1392, 1475, 2291], 'mean': [235, 821, 833, 1026, 1046, 1584, 1728], 'receiving': [241, 253, 2574], 'predominantly': [242], 'typical': [243, 272, 300, 465, 486, 596, 622, 707, 864, 950, 1007, 1018, 1030, 1370, 1400, 1411, 1424, 1482, 1511, 1542, 1561, 1761, 1828, 1872, 2028, 2068, 2092, 2262, 2307, 2340, 2440, 2457, 2509, 2548, 2561, 3199], 'neuroleptics': [244, 301, 466, 487, 623, 710, 951, 1008, 1031, 1051, 1467, 1483, 1529, 1762, 1813, 1829, 1960, 1974, 2093, 2341, 2443, 2452, 2458, 2524, 2562], 'increased,': [245], 'while': [246, 1476], 'opposite': [248], 'observed': [250, 432, 2035, 2430], 'mostly': [254, 1448, 1741, 1759], 'atypical': [255, 287, 307, 590, 598, 630, 649, 709, 874, 934, 1020, 1050, 1380, 1421, 1433, 1450, 1466, 1501, 1550, 1569, 1742, 1812, 1881, 1973, 2096, 2309, 2347, 2442, 2451, 2497, 2523, 2572, 2578, 2614, 2645], 'neuroleptics.': [256, 288, 308, 1021, 1422, 2021, 2310, 2549], 'Correlation': [257], 'analysis': [258, 1023, 1695, 1797], 'entire': [261, 1034, 1054, 1362, 1801, 2330], 'group': [262, 1036, 1056, 1364, 1539, 1558, 1598, 1610, 1645, 1660, 1736, 1757, 1803, 2122, 2266, 2332, 2517], 'showed': [263, 1725, 1763, 1804], 'positive': [265, 1825], 'relationship': [266, 685, 1808, 1826, 1992], 'between': [267, 686, 713, 910, 1349, 1582, 1635, 1650, 1665, 1809, 1993], 'reverse': [283, 1877], 'CONCLUSIONS:': [289], 'In': [290, 2060], 'group,': [292], 'increased': [296, 2336], 'following': [297, 304, 535, 626, 856, 1100, 1192, 2258, 2337, 2344], 'decreased': [303, 2343], 'Despite': [309], 'discrepancies': [310], 'among': [311], 'findings': [313], 'several': [315, 460, 1295], 'studies': [316, 325, 508, 637, 2130, 2220, 2400, 2488, 2604, 3514, 3611], '(1–3),': [317], 'most': [318, 980], 'imaging': [321, 2129, 2829, 2866, 2906, 3424], '(MRI)': [322], 'postmortem': [324, 2218, 2764], 'date': [327, 2491], 'have': [328, 471, 601, 644, 929, 1999, 2406], 'found': [329, 1838, 2359], 'an': [330, 364, 549, 2194, 2225, 2640, 2957, 3255], 'increase': [331, 358, 495, 526, 550, 561, 619, 1766, 1786, 2033, 2226, 2405, 2410], 'compared': [343, 1684], 'age-': [345], 'gender-matched': [347], 'comparison': [348, 2043, 3545], 'subjects': [349], '(1,': [350, 568, 2415], '4–9).': [351], 'It': [352, 612, 2175], 'originally': [354], 'thought': [355], 'caused': [362, 497, 548, 620], 'aberration': [365], 'neuronal': [367], 'pruning': [368], '(4,': [373, 1912], '6).': [374], 'This': [375, 435, 916, 972, 1708, 2071, 2114, 2471], 'theory': [376], 'presented': [378], 'early': [380, 1491], 'as': [382, 677, 892, 940, 946, 1328, 1366, 1520, 1537, 1596, 1955, 2106, 2108, 2251, 2253, 2286, 2383, 2538, 2639], 'failure': [384], 'maturational': [386], 'synaptic': [387], 'elimination': [388], 'would': [390], 'normally': [391], 'reduce': [392], 'adolescence': [398], '(4)': [399], 'or': [400, 412, 582, 1470, 2157, 2190, 2453, 3201], 'compensatory': [402], 'response': [403, 2294, 2643], 'lessened': [405], 'input': [406], 'anterior,': [409], 'temporal,': [410], 'frontal,': [411], 'thalamic': [413], 'regions': [414, 1324], '(6).': [415], 'More': [416], 'recent': [417, 507], 'evidence': [418, 2521], 'suggests': [419], 'effects': [422, 444, 594, 2052, 2182, 3385], 'treatment': [425, 463, 536, 1285, 1957, 2026, 2137, 2240, 2338, 2345, 2449, 3061, 3100], 'may': [426, 1978], 'instead': [427], 'be': [428, 571, 610, 1264, 1980, 2235, 2632], 'responsible': [429, 2633], 'enlargement': [433], '(8–12).': [434], 'hypothesis': [436], 'is': [437, 490, 496, 624, 2138, 2176, 2230, 2425, 2437, 2444], 'based': [438, 1780, 1947], 'observation': [441], 'cumulative': [443, 893, 3078], 'first-episode,': [449], 'neuroleptic-naive': [450], 'scanned': [454, 664], 'intake': [456, 716, 742, 826, 899, 911, 995, 1039, 1059, 1350, 1531, 1594, 2564], 'again': [458], 'after': [459, 2110, 2993], 'months': [461, 2024], '(12).': [467], 'Because': [468, 1915], 'similar': [469], 'observations': [470], 'made': [473, 772], 'nonschizophrenic': [477], 'psychiatric': [478], 'illness': [479, 836], '(affective': [480], 'disorder)': [481], 'treated': [484, 1005, 1015, 1396, 1408, 1463, 2494, 3197], '(13),': [488], 'probable': [491], 'medication,': [499], 'rather': [500], 'than': [501, 1971], 'disease-specific': [503], 'manifestation': [504], 'schizophrenia.Two': [506], 'our': [510, 2132, 2515, 2552], 'center,': [511], 'single': [513, 3136, 3491], 'photon': [514, 3137], 'emission': [515, 520, 3138, 3173, 3493], 'computed': [516, 3139], 'tomography': [517, 3494], 'positron': [519, 3172], 'tomography,': [521], 'respectively,': [522], 'reported': [523, 567, 615, 2407, 2489], 'relative': [525, 3125], 'cerebral': [528, 2835, 3126, 3167], 'blood': [529, 554, 577, 3127, 3168], 'flow': [530, 555, 578, 3169], '(14,': [540, 2173], '15).': [541, 2174], 'We': [542], 'hypothesized': [543], 'neuroleptic-induced': [545], 'receptor': [546, 585, 607, 1953, 1967, 2188, 2191, 2228, 2391, 3480, 3609], 'blockade': [547], 'metabolism': [557], 'previously': [566, 678], '4–9)': [569], 'could': [570, 1263, 2166, 2183, 2525, 2631], 'attributed': [572, 2049], 'medication-induced': [574], 'region': [581], 'proliferation(15).With': [586], 'advent': [588], 'drugs,': [592], 'neuroleptics,': [599, 935, 1371, 1381, 1412, 1425, 1434, 1502, 1512, 2029, 2573], 'which': [600, 1933], 'differing': [602], 'affinities': [603], 'dopamine': [605, 1921, 1952, 1965, 2201, 2389, 3393, 3550, 3577, 3600], 'D2': [606, 1922, 1966, 2202, 2390, 3479, 3576, 3603], 'sites,': [608], 'can': [609], 'compared.': [611], 'reversed': [625], 'clozapine': [632, 2997, 3202, 3389], '(9,': [633, 2469], '16).': [634, 2470], 'Since': [635], 'these': [636, 862, 1203, 1459, 1686, 2180], 'initiated,': [639], 'both': [640, 1017], 'risperidone': [641], 'olanzapine': [643], 'added': [646], 'armamentarium.': [651], 'Sufficient': [652], 'time': [653, 675, 815, 897, 967, 992, 1633, 1637, 1640, 1648, 1663, 1714, 2803], 'elapsed': [655], 'since': [656, 2002], 'introduction': [658], 'gather': [660], 'data': [661], '1-': [672], 'described': [679], 'clozapine.To': [681], 'test': [682, 1795], 'proposed': [684], 'change,': [693], 'we': [694, 1837, 2271, 2349], 'evaluated': [695], 'disorders.': [702], 'patients’': [704], 'times': [714], 'follow-up': [719, 744, 913, 1352, 1391, 1474, 1495, 1653, 1668], 'equation': [725], '(17).': [726, 915], '(caudate': [730, 1211], 'nucleus)': [733], 'tracings': [738], 'T1-weighted': [741, 1089], '(Figure': [746], '1).': [747, 1721], 'METHODWe': [748], 'studied': [749], 'diagnoses': [754], 'spectrum:': [758], '(N=19),': [760], 'psychosis': [761], 'otherwise': [763], 'specified': [764], '(N=3),': [765], 'schizotypal': [767], 'disorder': [768, 808, 2900], '(N=1).': [769], 'Diagnoses': [770], 'according': [773, 797], 'DSM-IV': [775], 'basis': [778], 'structured': [781], 'interview,': [782], 'Comprehensive': [784, 3248], 'Assessment': [785, 3249], 'Symptoms': [787, 3251], 'History': [789, 3253, 4173], '(18).': [790], 'chosen': [793], 'study': [796, 847, 976, 1035, 1055, 1154, 1363, 1802, 2086, 2276, 2331, 2516, 2867, 2931, 3324], 'stipulation': [800], 'initial': [803], 'diagnosis': [804, 3259], 'remained': [809], 'within': [810], 'follow-up.': [819], 'age': [822, 834, 1601, 1613], '25.57': [828], '(SD=6.19),': [830], 'onset': [837], '22.44': [839], '(SD=6.11).': [841], 'After': [842, 3759], 'complete': [843], 'description': [844], 'each': [849, 1291, 1885], 'patient,': [850], 'written': [851], 'informed': [852], 'consent': [853], 'obtained.The': [855], 'drugs': [858, 1451, 2055, 2064], 'used': [860, 883, 1300], 'patients:': [863], 'neuroleptics—haloperidol,': [865], 'trifluoperazine,': [866], 'thiothixene,': [867], 'fluphenazine,': [868], 'thioridazine,': [869], 'perphenazine,': [870], 'chlorpromazine;': [872], 'neuroleptics—clozapine,': [875], 'risperidone,': [876], 'olanzapine.': [878], 'formula': [881], 'measure': [885], 'exposure.': [887, 2113], 'Neuroleptic': [888, 3099, 3732], 'dose': [894, 904, 1027, 1047, 1356, 1373, 1383, 1427, 1436, 1504, 1514, 1545, 1553, 1564, 1572, 2566, 2584, 3223], 'scan': [900, 3423], 'further': [902], 'accumulated': [905, 1359], 'required': [917], 'conversion': [918], 'chlorpromazine': [923], 'equivalents': [924, 928], '(19).': [925], 'older': [927], 'recently': [930], 'extrapolated': [932], 'clinical': [938, 1941], 'efficacy': [939, 1977], 'criterion': [942], 'determining': [944], 'equivalency': [945], 'done': [948], 'work': [954], 'Davis': [956, 3270], '(19,': [957], 'cited': [958], 'reference': [960], '20).': [961], 'Exposure': [962], 'then': [964, 1237, 2569], 'weighted': [969], 'dose.': [971], 'naturalistic': [975], 'patients,': [979, 2270], 'whom': [982], 'already': [984], 'medicated': [986, 1758], 'some': [988, 1146, 2504], 'extent.': [989], 'At': [990], 'scan,': [996, 1604, 1616], 'four': [997, 1477, 2589], 'naive,': [1001], '14': [1002], 'only,': [1009], 'five': [1011, 1414], 'Univariate': [1022], 'indicated': [1024], '(N=23)': [1037, 1057, 1365], '4.24': [1041], '(SD=8.17,': [1042], 'range=0–37.25,': [1043, 1548], 'median=1.25);': [1044], 'similarly,': [1045], '0.81': [1061], '(SD=3.18,': [1062], 'range=0–15.07,': [1063, 1575], 'median=0).MRI': [1064], 'obtained': [1067], '1.5-T': [1071], 'General': [1072], 'Electric': [1073], 'Signa': [1074], 'scanner': [1075], '(GE': [1076], 'Medical': [1077], 'Systems,': [1078], 'Milwaukee)': [1079], 'period.': [1088], 'images,': [1090], 'spoiled': [1093], 'grass': [1094], 'sequence,': [1095], 'acquired': [1097], 'parameters:': [1101], '1.5-mm': [1102], 'coronal': [1103, 1173, 1221], 'slices,': [1104], '40˚': [1105], 'flip': [1106], 'angle,': [1107], 'TR=24': [1108], 'msec,': [1109, 1111], 'TE=5': [1110], 'number': [1112, 2199, 2608], 'excitations=2,': [1114], 'field': [1115], 'view=26': [1117], 'cm,': [1118], 'matrix': [1121], '256×256×192': [1123], 'cm.': [1124], 'Scans': [1125], 'visually': [1127], 'quality': [1130, 1156], 'movement': [1132], 'artifacts': [1133], 'scale:': [1137], '4.0=excellent,': [1138], 'no': [1139, 1276, 1579, 1625, 2482], 'obvious': [1140], 'movement;': [1141, 1144, 1147], '3.0=good,': [1142], 'minimal': [1143, 1479, 2017], '2.0=fair,': [1145], '1.0=poor,': [1148], 'substandard.': [1149], 'All': [1150], 'ratings': [1157], '2.5': [1159], '4.0.': [1161], 'manually': [1168], 'traced': [1169, 1219, 1323], 'contiguous': [1171], '1-mm-thick': [1172], 'slices': [1174, 1222], 'BRAINS,': [1177], 'software': [1179], 'package': [1180], 'developed': [1181], 'Iowa': [1184, 2683, 2703, 2707], 'Mental': [1185, 2693], 'Health': [1186, 2694], 'Clinical': [1187, 2695, 2722], 'Research': [1188, 2696, 2723], 'Center': [1189, 2724], '(21).': [1190], 'criteria': [1193], 'established': [1195], 'ensure': [1197], 'consistent': [1198, 1887], 'reliable': [1200, 3226], 'tracing': [1201, 1245, 1303, 1308], 'two': [1204, 1521, 1534, 1590, 1687, 1718], 'major': [1205, 1292, 1930, 2352, 2413], 'components': [1206], 'nucleus).': [1214], 'Each': [1215], 'component': [1216, 1293, 1857, 2373], 'structure': [1217, 1262, 1274, 2392, 2800, 3327], 'its': [1224], 'rostral': [1225], 'caudal': [1227], 'aspect,': [1228], 'first': [1229, 1603, 1615, 1651, 1666, 2501, 2805], 'right': [1232, 1247, 1251, 1330, 1334], 'side': [1233], 'image,': [1236], 'left': [1240, 1249, 1255, 1332, 1338], 'side.': [1241], 'sequence': [1243], 'caudate,': [1248, 1250], 'nucleus,': [1253], 'nucleus.': [1257], 'Tracing': [1258], 'commenced': [1259], 'when': [1260, 1272], 'seen': [1265], 'naked': [1268], 'eye': [1269], 'ended': [1271], 'longer': [1277], 'discernible.': [1278], 'tracer': [1280], 'blind': [1282], 'status': [1286], 'patients.': [1288], 'Taken': [1289], 'individually,': [1290], 'defining': [1296], 'characteristics': [1297], 'guide': [1302], 'Complete': [1307], 'guidelines': [1309], 'are': [1310, 1928, 2379, 2616], 'available': [1311], 'Dr.': [1313, 2691], 'Corson': [1314], 'request.': [1316], 'Interrater': [1317], 'reliabilities': [1318], '(intraclass': [1319], 'r)': [1320], 'interest': [1326], 'follows:': [1329, 1367, 1538, 1597], 'caudate=0.81,': [1331], 'caudate=0.73,': [1333], 'nucleus=0.60,': [1336], 'nucleus=0.79.RESULTSDuring': [1340], '(mean=2.17': [1344], 'SD=0.42,': [1346], 'range=1.18–3.67,': [1347, 1658], 'median=2.13)': [1348], 'scans,': [1353, 1654, 1669], 'additional': [1354], '1)': [1368], 'mean=5.60': [1372], '(SD=6.55,': [1375], 'range=0–19.36,': [1376], 'median=2.69);': [1377], '2)': [1378], 'mean=5.29': [1382], '(SD=7.83,': [1385], 'range=0–27.76,': [1386], 'median=2.26).': [1387], '13': [1393, 1405], 'almost': [1397], 'exclusively': [1398, 1464], 'neuroleptics:': [1401], 'eight': [1402], 'only': [1409, 1792], 'whereas': [1413], 'also': [1416, 1624, 1979, 2177], 'minimally': [1418], 'exposed': [1419, 1447, 2611], 'mean=9.05': [1426], '(SD=6.89,': [1429], 'range=0.60–19.36,': [1430], 'median=6.74);': [1431], 'mean=0.93': [1435], '(SD=1.53;': [1438], 'range=0–4.77,': [1439], 'median=0).': [1440, 1576], 'remaining': [1442], '10': [1443, 1460], 'previous': [1454, 2018, 2505], 'years.': [1456], 'Six': [1457], '(clozapine,': [1468], 'olanzapine,': [1469], 'risperidone)': [1471], '(primarily': [1484], 'haloperidol);': [1485], 'occurred': [1488], 'part': [1492, 2539, 2649], 'all': [1498, 2063], 'cases.': [1499], 'mean=10.96': [1503], '(SD=9.14,': [1506], 'range=1.25–27.76,': [1507], 'median=7.18),': [1508], 'mean=1.14': [1513], '(SD=1.45,': [1516], 'range=0–3.28,': [1517], 'median=0).When': [1518], 'viewed': [1519], 'separate': [1522], 'groups': [1523, 1535, 1688, 1719], 'manner,': [1526], '1:': [1540, 1599, 1646], 'N=13,': [1541, 1600, 1647], 'mean=4.38': [1544], '(SD=10.11,': [1547], 'median=1.25),': [1549], 'mean=0.25': [1552], '(SD=0.88,': [1555], 'range=0–3.17,': [1556], 'median=0);': [1557], '2:': [1559, 1611, 1661], 'N=10,': [1560, 1612, 1662], 'mean=4.08': [1563], '(SD=5.17,': [1566], 'range=0.09–15.00,': [1567], 'median=1.61),': [1568], 'mean=1.53': [1571], '(SD=4.76,': [1574], 'There': [1577, 1622, 1698], 'significant': [1580, 1626, 1701, 1727, 1765, 1806, 1824, 2031], 'difference': [1581, 1627], 'ages': [1585], 'groups.': [1591], 'Age': [1592], 'mean=25.77': [1605], '(SD=5.80,': [1607], 'range=19.00–38.00,': [1608], 'median=24.00);': [1609], 'mean=25.30': [1617], '(SD=6.98,': [1619], 'range=18.00–41.00,': [1620], 'median=23.50).': [1621], 'length': [1630], 'interval': [1634, 1649, 1664, 1682], '1': [1638, 4176, 4182], 'across': [1643, 2328], 'groups:': [1644], 'mean=2.12': [1655], '(SD=0.54,': [1657], 'median=2.12);': [1659], 'mean=2.21': [1670], '(SD=0.18,': [1672], 'range=2.00–2.61,': [1673], 'median=2.17).Change': [1674], 'simple': [1692], 'repeated': [1693], 'measures': [1694], 'variance.': [1697], 'group-by-time': [1702], 'interaction': [1703], '(F=12.92,': [1704], 'df=1,': [1705], '21,': [1706], 'p<0.002).': [1707], 'indicates': [1709], 'differ': [1715], '(Table': [1720], 'Follow-up': [1722], 't': [1723, 1749, 1775, 1794], 'tests': [1724], 'decrease': [1729], '(mean=–0.99': [1745], 'cc,': [1746, 1772], 'SD=1.06)': [1747], '(paired': [1748, 1774], 'test=2.93,': [1750], 'df=9,': [1751], 'p<0.02,': [1752], 'two-tailed).': [1753], 'By': [1754], 'contrast,': [1755], '(mean=0.52': [1771], 'SD=0.94)': [1773], 'test=1.98,': [1776], 'df=12,': [1777], 'p<0.04,': [1778], 'one-tailed,': [1779], 'priori': [1783], 'prediction': [1784], 'size;': [1788], 'one-tailed': [1793], 'used).Correlation': [1796], '(two-tailed)': [1798], 'inverse': [1807], '(rs=–0.46,': [1819], 'df=21,': [1820, 1831], 'p<0.03)': [1821], '(rs=0.47,': [1830], 'p<0.03).': [1832], 'Using': [1833], 'multiple': [1834], 'regression': [1835], 'analysis,': [1836], 'overall': [1841, 2320, 2367], 'significantly': [1848, 2362], 'accounted': [1849], 'any': [1855, 2485], 'one': [1856], 'structure,': [1858], 'although': [1859], 'direction': [1860, 2301, 2312], '(i.e.,': [1864], 'greater': [1865, 2164, 2198], 'neuroleptics)': [1882], 'case': [1886], 'model': [1890], 'anticipated': [1891], 'particular': [1894], 'class': [1895, 2069, 2154, 2321], 'drug.DISCUSSIONThe': [1897], 'mediate': [1901], 'cognitive': [1905, 3348], 'behavioral': [1907], 'processes': [1908], 'disrupted': [1909], '6–8,': [1913], '22).': [1914], 'high': [1918, 1984], 'density': [1919, 2229], 'receptors,': [1923], 'target': [1931], 'dopaminergic': [1934, 2058], 'pathways': [1935], 'project.': [1936], 'pharmacology': [1942], 'use': [1950], 'antagonists': [1954], 'modality.': [1958], 'show': [1961], 'markedly': [1963], 'higher': [1964], 'affinity': [1968], 'occupancy': [1970, 1988, 3481], 'do': [1972], '(23–27),': [1975], 'whose': [1976], 'related': [1981], 'degree': [1985], '5-HT2': [1987], '(25).Studies': [1989], 'striatal': [1994, 3547], 'steadily': [2000], 'evolved': [2001], 'Chakos': [2003, 2079, 3007, 3182], 'et': [2004, 2080], 'al.': [2005, 2081], '(10)': [2006], 'examined': [2007, 2350], 'nuclei': [2009, 2039, 2833, 3028, 3193], 'first-episode': [2013, 3031], 'Following': [2022], '18': [2023], 'versus': [2042], 'subjects,': [2044], 'finding': [2047, 2072, 2099, 2216], 'system.': [2059], 'study,': [2062], '(10).': [2070], 'replicated': [2075, 2118], '(11,': [2076], '13),': [2077], '(16)': [2082], 'extended': [2083], 'original': [2085], 'observe': [2088], 'switched': [2090, 2570], 'clozapine,': [2098], 'decrement': [2101, 2429, 2530], 'much': [2107], '10%': [2109], '1-year': [2112], 'result': [2115, 2184], 'small': [2121], 'childhood-onset': [2126], '(9).Functional': [2128], 'center': [2133], 'associated': [2139], 'perfusion': [2145, 2148, 2165, 3128], 'differentially': [2150], 'depending': [2151], 'medication—typical': [2156], 'atypical.': [2158], 'Vascular': [2159], 'engorgement': [2160], 'resulting': [2161], 'lead': [2167], 'noticeable': [2170], 'possible': [2178], 'differential': [2181, 2409], 'differences': [2186], 'size': [2189], 'proliferation.': [2192], 'On': [2193], 'ultrastructural': [2195], 'level,': [2196], 'receptors': [2203, 3578, 3604], 'replicable': [2215], 'neurochemical': [2219, 3511], '(28).': [2223], 'Such': [2224], 'considered': [2231], 'consequence': [2237], 'shown': [2244], 'occur': [2246], 'animals': [2248], '(8,': [2249], '29)': [2250], 'well': [2252], 'humans': [2254], '(25,': [2255], '30,': [2256], '31)': [2257], 'chronic': [2259], 'medication.In': [2264], 'confirm': [2272], 'within-subjects': [2275], 'design': [2277], 'schizophrenia,': [2285, 3516, 3580], 'differs': [2305], 'correlates': [2317], 'used.': [2324], 'neuroleptics.When': [2348], 'substructures': [2355, 2414], 'separately,': [2356], 'none': [2357], 'contribute': [2361], 'itself': [2364, 2462], 'change.': [2371], 'However,': [2372], 'now': [2380], 'often': [2381], 'highlighted': [2382], 'being': [2384], 'different': [2385], 'regard': [2387], 'function': [2394, 3551], '(22,': [2395], '23,': [2396], '32),': [2397], 'various': [2399], 'reporting': [2401], '4,': [2416, 2670], '5,': [2417], '9,': [2418], '32).Finally,': [2419], 'another': [2420], 'aspect': [2421], 'remains': [2423], 'unclear': [2424], 'whether': [2426, 2454, 2620], 'once': [2435], 'changed': [2438], 'direct': [2446], 'effect': [2447, 3076, 3120], 'withdrawal': [2455], 'results': [2463], 'same': [2466], 'shrinkage': [2467, 2638], 'pattern': [2468, 3349], 'question': [2472], 'so': [2474], 'far': [2475], 'difficult': [2477], 'answer,': [2479], 'because': [2480], 'virtually': [2481], 'patient': [2483], 'solely': [2495, 2612], 'without': [2500], 'having': [2502], 'class.': [2510], 'A': [2511, 3544, 3677], 'case-by-case': [2512], 'inspection': [2513], 'gives': [2518], 'modest': [2519], 'preliminary': [2520], 'produce': [2526], 'themselves': [2534], 'merely': [2537], 'reversal': [2542], 'mechanism': [2545, 2630], 'instituted': [2546], 'Four': [2550], 'relatively': [2557], 'minor': [2558], 'doses': [2559, 2576], '(0.43–3.33': [2565], 'years)': [2567], 'large': [2575], '(between': [2580], '4.73': [2581], '21.67': [2583], 'years).': [2585], 'These': [2586], 'experienced': [2592], 'largest': [2594], 'decrements': [2598], '(–1.41': [2599], '–2.69': [2601], 'cc).': [2602], 'Further': [2603], 'larger': [2607], 'needed': [2617], 'elucidate': [2619], 'occurs': [2622], 'consistently': [2623], 'and,': [2624], 'if': [2625], 'so,': [2626], 'what': [2627], 'type': [2628], 'ab': [2641], 'initio': [2642], 'medication.Presented': [2647], 'International': [2652], 'Congress': [2653], 'Schizophrenia': [2655, 3960, 4104], 'Research,': [2656], 'Colorado': [2657], 'Springs,': [2658], 'Colo.,': [2659], 'April': [2660, 2664, 3991], '12–16,': [2661], '1997.': [2662], 'Received': [2663], '7,': [2665], '1998;': [2666, 3179], 'revision': [2667], 'Jan.': [2669], '1999;': [2671], 'accepted': [2672], 'Feb.': [2673], '25,': [2674], '1999.': [2675], 'From': [2676, 3519], 'Department': [2678, 2698], 'Psychiatry,': [2680, 2700, 3715, 3751, 3810, 3858, 3903, 3947, 3997, 4038, 4096, 4159], 'University': [2681, 2701], 'College': [2684, 2704], 'Medicine.': [2686], 'Address': [2687], 'reprint': [2688], 'requests': [2689], 'Center,': [2697], 'Medicine,': [2706], 'City,': [2708], 'IA': [2709], '52242;': [2710], '[email': [2711], 'protected]': [2712], '(e-mail)': [2713], 'Supported': [2714], 'NIMH': [2716], 'grants': [2717], 'MH-31593': [2718], 'MH-40856': [2720], 'grant': [2725], 'MH-43271.TABLE': [2726], '1Enlarge': [2727], 'tableFIGURE': [2728], '1.': [2729], 'Structures': [2732], '(Caudate': [2733], 'Nuclei': [2734], 'Lenticular': [2736], 'Nuclei)': [2737], 'Delineated': [2738], 'T1': [2740], 'Image': [2741, 3320], 'Schizophrenic': [2744], 'PatientReferences1.': [2745], 'Heckers': [2746], 'S,': [2747, 2818, 2977, 3217, 3410, 3416], 'Heinsen': [2748, 2750], 'H,': [2749, 3020, 3624], 'Y,': [2751], 'Beckmann': [2752], 'H:': [2753], 'Cortex,': [2754], 'white': [2755], 'matter': [2756], 'schizophrenia:': [2761, 2862, 2902, 2927, 2989, 3130, 3650], 'volumetric': [2763], 'study.': [2765, 2907, 2960, 3496, 3654], 'Biol': [2766, 2908, 3141], 'Psychiatry': [2767, 2841, 2877, 2909, 2963, 3002, 3039, 3142, 3264, 3279, 3300, 3431, 3655], '1991;': [2768, 2842], '29:556–566Crossref,': [2769], 'Medline,': [2770, 2785, 2844, 2880, 2912, 3066, 3108, 3145, 3207, 3267, 3283, 3339, 3355, 3457, 3501, 3563, 3589, 3620, 3660], 'Google': [2771, 2786, 2813, 2845, 2881, 2913, 2937, 2966, 3005, 3067, 3091, 3109, 3146, 3208, 3239, 3268, 3284, 3340, 3356, 3436, 3458, 3502, 3564, 3590, 3621, 3661], 'Scholar2.': [2772], 'Gur': [2773], 'RE,': [2774], 'Pearlson': [2775], 'GD:': [2776], 'Neuroimaging': [2777, 3657], 'research.': [2780], 'Schizophr': [2781, 2809, 2933, 3087, 3235, 3351], 'Bull': [2782, 3352], '1993;': [2783, 2935], '19:337–353Crossref,': [2784], 'Scholar3.': [2787], 'De': [2788], 'Lisi': [2789], 'LE,': [2790], 'Hoff': [2791], 'AL,': [2792], 'Tew': [2793], 'W,': [2794], 'Sakuma': [2795], 'M,': [2796, 3014, 3072, 3244, 3465], 'Grimson': [2797], 'R:': [2798, 2922], 'Brain': [2799, 2859, 4052], 'episode': [2806], '(abstract).': [2808, 2932, 3086, 3234], 'Res': [2810, 2934, 3088, 3236, 3280, 3656], '1997;': [2811, 3089, 3143, 3176, 3301, 3353, 3376, 3455], '24:141–142Crossref,': [2812], 'Scholar4.': [2814], 'Jernigan': [2815], 'TL,': [2816], 'Zisook': [2817], 'Heaton': [2819], 'RK,': [2820], 'Moranville': [2821], 'JT,': [2822], 'Hesselink': [2823], 'JR,': [2824], 'Braff': [2825], 'DL:': [2826], 'Magnetic': [2827, 4045, 4114], 'abnormalities': [2830], 'cortex': [2836, 2871, 3399], 'schizophrenia.': [2838, 3428, 3616], 'Arch': [2839, 2875, 3262], 'Gen': [2840, 2876, 3263], '48:881–890Crossref,': [2843], 'Scholar5.': [2846], 'Breier': [2847, 2947, 2984], 'A,': [2848, 2852, 2985, 3537, 3539], 'Buchanan': [2849, 2941], 'RW,': [2850, 2942], 'Elkashef': [2851, 2939], 'Munson': [2853, 2945], 'RC,': [2854, 2946], 'Kirkpatrick': [2855], 'B,': [2856, 3018, 3022, 3638], 'Gellad': [2857, 2943], 'F:': [2858], 'morphology': [2860], 'limbic,': [2869], 'prefrontal': [2870, 3398], 'structures.': [2874], '1992;': [2878, 2910, 3265, 3337], '49:921–926Crossref,': [2879], 'Scholar6.': [2882], 'Swayze': [2883, 3317], 'VW': [2884, 3318], 'II,': [2885], 'Andreasen': [2886, 3117, 3150, 3218, 3241, 3305, 3525], 'NC,': [2887, 3151, 3242, 3306], 'Alliger': [2888, 3115], 'RJ,': [2889], 'Yuh': [2890], 'WT,': [2891], 'Ehrhardt': [2892], 'JC:': [2893], 'Subcortical': [2894], 'temporal': [2896], 'affective': [2899], '31:221–240Crossref,': [2911], 'Scholar7.': [2914], 'Nasrallah': [2915], 'HA,': [2916], 'Chu': [2917], 'O,': [2918], 'Olsen': [2919], 'SC,': [2920], 'Martin': [2921], 'Increased': [2923], 'controlled': [2929], 'MRI': [2930, 2958, 2991, 3653, 3679, 3952], '9:204Crossref,': [2936], 'Scholar8.': [2938], 'AM,': [2940], 'F,': [2944], 'A:': [2948], 'pathology': [2951], 'tardive': [2955], 'dyskinesia:': [2956], 'quantitative': [2959, 3652], 'Am': [2961, 3000, 3037, 3298], 'J': [2962, 3001, 3038, 3278, 3299, 3333, 3402, 3430], '1994;': [2964, 3040, 3064, 3404], '151:752–755Link,': [2965], 'Scholar9.': [2967], 'Frazier': [2968], 'JA,': [2969, 3010, 3050, 3185, 3505], 'Gied': [2970], 'JN,': [2971, 3593], 'Kaysen': [2972], 'D,': [2973, 3634], 'Albus': [2974], 'K,': [2975, 2983, 3114, 3155, 3316], 'Hamburger': [2976], 'Alaghband-Rad': [2978], 'J,': [2979, 3187, 3314, 3359], 'Lenane': [2980], 'MC,': [2981], 'McKenna': [2982], 'Rapoport': [2986], 'JL:': [2987], 'Childhood-onset': [2988], 'rescan': [2992], 'maintenance': [2998], 'treatment.': [2999], '1996;': [3003, 3499], '153:564–566Link,': [3004], 'Scholar10.': [3006], 'MH,': [3008, 3183], 'Lieberman': [3009, 3184], 'Bilder': [3011, 3188], 'RM,': [3012], 'Borenstein': [3013], 'Lerner': [3015], 'G,': [3016, 3308, 3310, 3408], 'Bogerts': [3017], 'Wu': [3019], 'Kinon': [3021], 'Ashtari': [3023, 3190], 'M:': [3024, 3191], 'Increase': [3025], 'schizophrenic': [3032], 'taking': [3034], 'antipsychotic': [3035, 3122, 3276, 3487], 'drugs.': [3036, 3277], '151:1430–1436Google': [3041], 'Scholar11.': [3042], 'Keshavan': [3043], 'MS,': [3044], 'Bagwell': [3045], 'WW,': [3046], 'Haas': [3047], 'GL,': [3048, 3157], 'Sweeney': [3049], 'Schooler': [3051], 'N,': [3052, 3595], 'Pettegrew': [3053], 'JW:': [3054], 'Changes': [3055], '(letter).': [3062, 3104, 3203], 'Lancet': [3063, 3105, 3204, 3454], '344:1434Crossref,': [3065], 'Scholar12.': [3068], 'Rodriguez': [3069], 'R,': [3070, 3116, 3189, 3630], 'Flaum': [3071, 3212, 3243], 'Nopoulos': [3073, 3214], 'P:': [3074], 'putamen': [3084, 3644], '24:154–155Crossref,': [3090], 'Scholar13.': [3092], 'Doraiswamy': [3093], 'PM,': [3094], 'Tupler': [3095], 'LA,': [3096], 'Krishnan': [3097], 'KRR:': [3098], 'plasticity': [3103], '1995;': [3106, 3205, 3237, 3434, 3658], '345:734–735Crossref,': [3107], 'Scholar14.': [3110], 'Miller': [3111, 3148, 3210], 'DD,': [3112, 3149, 3211], 'Rezai': [3113, 3154, 3315], 'NC:': [3118, 3219], 'assessment': [3131], 'technetium-99m': [3133], 'hexamethyl-propyleneamine': [3134], 'oxime': [3135], 'tomography.': [3140, 3174], '41:550–559Crossref,': [3144], 'Scholar15.': [3147], 'O’Leary': [3152], 'DS,': [3153], 'Watkins': [3156], 'Ponto': [3158], 'LL,': [3159], 'Hichwa': [3160], 'RD:': [3161], 'Effect': [3162], 'antipsychotics': [3164, 3200, 3369], 'regional': [3166], 'Neuropsychopharmacology': [3175, 3586], '17:230–240;': [3177], 'correction,': [3178], '18:323–324Google': [3180], 'Scholar16.': [3181], 'Alvir': [3186], 'Caudate': [3192, 4005], '345:456–457Crossref,': [3206], 'Scholar17.': [3209], 'MA,': [3213], 'P,': [3215, 3414, 3445, 3541, 3567], 'Arndt': [3216, 3245], 'concept': [3221], 'years:': [3224], 'method': [3227], 'calculating': [3229], 'lifetime': [3230], 'psychotropic': [3231], 'drug': [3232], '15:159Crossref,': [3238], 'Scholar18.': [3240], 'S:': [3246], '(CASH):': [3254], 'instrument': [3256], 'assessing': [3258], 'psychopathology.': [3261], '49:615–623Crossref,': [3266], 'Scholar19.': [3269], 'JM:': [3271], 'Dose': [3272], 'equivalence': [3273], '1974;': [3281], 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'12(suppl': [3377], '1):S9–S17Google': [3378], 'Scholar24.': [3379], 'Pehek': [3380], 'EA,': [3381], 'Yamamoto': [3382], 'BK:': [3383], 'Differential': [3384], 'locally': [3387], 'administered': [3388], 'haloperidol': [3391], 'efflux': [3394], 'rat': [3397, 3554], 'caudate-putamen.': [3401], 'Neurochem': [3403], '63:2118–2124Google': [3405], 'Scholar25.': [3406], 'Sedvall': [3407], 'Pauli': [3409], 'Farde': [3411], 'L,': [3412], 'Karlsson': [3413], 'Nyberg': [3415], 'Nordstrom': [3417], 'A-L:': [3418], 'developments': [3420], 'PET': [3422], 'neuroreceptors': [3426], 'Isr': [3429], 'Relat': [3432], 'Sci': [3433], '32:22–29Medline,': [3435], 'Scholar26.': [3437], 'Pilowsky': [3438, 3460], 'LS,': [3439, 3461], 'Mulligan': [3440], 'RS,': [3441], 'Acton': [3442], 'PD,': [3443], 'Ell': [3444, 3472], 'Costa': [3446, 3466], 'DC,': [3447, 3467, 3528], 'Kerwin': [3448, 3476], 'RW:': [3449, 3477, 3642], 'Limbic': [3450], 'selectivity': [3451], 'clozapine.': [3453], '350:490–491Crossref,': [3456], 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'Seeman': [3566], 'Bzowej': [3568], 'NH,': [3569], 'Guan': [3570], 'HC:': [3571], 'Human': [3572], 'D1': [3574, 3601], 'Alzheimer’s,': [3581], 'Parkinson’s': [3582], 'Huntington’s': [3584, 3613], 'diseases.': [3585], '1987;': [3587], '1:5–15Crossref,': [3588], 'Scholar31.': [3591], 'Joyce': [3592], 'Lexow': [3594], 'Bird': [3596], 'E:': [3597], 'Organization': [3598], 'human': [3607], 'striatum:': [3608], 'autoradiographic': [3610], 'disease': [3614], 'Synapse': [3617], '1988;': [3618], '2:546–557Crossref,': [3619], 'Scholar32.': [3622], 'Hokama': [3623], 'Shenton': [3625], 'ME,': [3626], 'Nestor': [3627], 'PG,': [3628], 'Kikinis': [3629], 'Levitt': [3631], 'JJ,': [3632], 'Metcalf': [3633], 'Wible': [3635], 'C,': [3636], 'O’Donnell': [3637], 'Jolesz': [3639], 'FA,': [3640], 'McCarley': [3641], 'Caudate,': [3643], 'globus': [3646], 'pallidus': [3647], '61:209–229Crossref,': [3659], 'Scholar': [3662], 'FiguresReferencesCited': [3663], 'byDetailsCited': [3664], 'ByAltered': [3665], 'White': [3666], 'Matter/Gray': [3667], 'Matter': [3668], 'Proportions': [3669], 'Striatum': [3672], 'Volumetric': [3678, 4049], 'StudyChiharu': [3680], 'Tamagaki,': [3681], 'Göran': [3684], 'Sedvall,': [3686], 'Erik': [3689], 'G.': [3690, 3800, 3988], 'Jönsson,': [3691], 'Gaku': [3694], 'Okugawa,': [3695], 'Håkan': [3698], 'Hall,': [3699], 'Stefan': [3701], 'Pauli,': [3702], 'Ingrid': [3705], 'Agartz,': [3706], 'Ph.D.1': [3708, 3851, 4152], 'December': [3709, 3804], '2005': [3710, 3746], '|': [3711, 3747, 3806, 3854, 3899, 3943, 3993, 4034, 4092, 4155], 'Journal': [3713, 3749, 3808, 3856, 3901, 3945, 3995, 4036, 4094, 4157], 'Vol.': [3716, 3752, 3811, 3859, 3904, 3948, 3998, 4039, 4097, 4160], '162,': [3717, 3753], 'No.': [3718, 3754, 3813, 3861, 3906, 3950, 4000, 4041, 4099, 4162], '12Morphology': [3719], 'Anterior': [3722], 'Cingulate': [3723], 'Gyrus': [3724, 3909], 'Relationship': [3729], 'ExposureAlison': [3733], 'Kopelman,': [3734], 'M.D.1': [3744, 3896, 3940, 3990, 4031, 4089], 'October': [3745], '10Reduced': [3755], 'Volumes': [3758, 3871, 3957], 'Switching': [3760], 'Olanzapine': [3762], 'Chronically': [3764], 'Treated': [3765, 3962], 'SchizophreniaDonna': [3768], 'J.': [3769, 3883, 3965, 4128], 'Lang,': [3770, 3966], 'Lili': [3772, 3968], 'Kopala,': [3774, 3970], 'F.R.C.P.C.,': [3776, 3781, 3797], 'Robert': [3777, 3972, 4145], 'A.': [3778, 3833, 3837, 3973, 4061], 'Vandorpe,': [3779, 3974], 'Qing': [3782, 3976], 'Rui,': [3783, 3977], 'M.B.,': [3784, 3978], 'Geoffrey': [3785, 3979], 'N.': [3786, 3980, 4017, 4058], 'Smith,': [3787, 3981], 'Vina': [3789, 3983], 'M.': [3790, 3984, 4124], 'Goghari,': [3791, 3985], 'B.A.,': [3792, 4134], 'Jocelyne': [3793], 'S.': [3794, 3825, 4136], 'Lapointe,': [3795], 'William': [3799, 3987], 'Honer,': [3801, 3989], 'F.R.C.P.C.22': [3803], '2014': [3805], '161,': [3812], '10Diagnostic': [3814], 'Specificity': [3815], 'Neuroanatomical': [3817], 'Validity': [3818], 'Neurological': [3820], 'Abnormalities': [3821, 3910, 4101], 'First-Episode': [3823, 3959], 'PsychosesMatcheri': [3824], 'Keshavan,': [3826], 'Richard': [3828], 'Sanders,': [3830], 'John': [3832, 4028], 'Sweeney,': [3834], 'Vaibhav': [3836], 'Diwadkar,': [3838], 'Gerald': [3840], 'Goldstein,': [3841], 'Jay': [3843, 4016, 4057], 'W.': [3844, 4150], 'Pettegrew,': [3845], 'Nina': [3848], 'R.': [3849, 4024, 4117], 'Schooler,': [3850], 'July': [3852], '2003': [3853, 3898], '160,': [3860, 3905], '7Effects': [3862], 'Alcohol': [3864], 'Dependence': [3865], 'Comorbidity': [3866], 'Antipsychotic': [3868], 'Medication': [3869], 'Thalamus': [3874], 'Pons': [3876], 'SchizophreniaEdith': [3878], 'V.': [3879], 'Sullivan,': [3880], 'Margaret': [3882], 'Rosenbloom,': [3884], 'M.A.,': [3885, 4076], 'Kathleen': [3886, 4068], 'L.': [3887, 4087], 'Serventi,': [3888], 'B.S.,': [3889, 4073, 4138], 'Anjali': [3890], 'Deshmukh,': [3891], 'Adolf': [3894], 'Pfefferbaum,': [3895], 'June': [3897], '6Superior': [3907], 'Temporal': [3908], 'Early-Onset': [3912, 4103], 'Similarities': [3914], 'Differences': [3916, 4050], 'Adult-Onset': [3918], 'SchizophreniaHideo': [3919], 'Matsumoto,': [3920], 'Andrew': [3922], 'Simmons,': [3923], 'Steven': [3925], 'Williams,': [3926], 'Michael': [3928], 'Hadjulis,': [3929], 'Roderic': [3931], 'Pipe,': [3932], 'Robin': [3934], 'Murray,': [3935], 'Sophia': [3938], 'Frangou,': [3939], 'August': [3941, 4167, 4177, 4183], '2001': [3942, 3992, 4033], '158,': [3949, 3999, 4040], '8An': [3951], 'Study': [3953], 'RisperidoneDonna': [3964], 'B.Sc.,': [3967], '4Quantitative': [4001], 'Morphology': [4002], 'Putamen': [4007], 'Cocaine': [4011], 'DependenceLeslie': [4012], 'K.': [4013, 4065], 'Jacobsen,': [4014, 4066], 'Giedd,': [4018, 4059], 'Christopher': [4020], 'Gottschalk,': [4021], 'Thomas': [4023], 'Kosten,': [4025], 'H.': [4029], 'Krystal,': [4030], 'March': [4032], '3Childhood-Onset': [4042], 'Psychotic': [4043], 'Disorders:': [4044], 'Resonance': [4046, 4115], 'Imaging': [4047], 'StructureSanjiv': [4053], 'Kumra,': [4054], 'F.R.C.P.,': [4056], 'Catherine': [4062], 'Vaituzis,': [4063], 'Leslie': [4064], 'McKenna,': [4069], 'Jeffrey': [4071], 'Bedwell,': [4072], 'Susan': [4074], 'Hamburger,': [4075], 'M.S.,': [4077], 'Jean': [4078], 'E.': [4079, 4132], 'Nelson,': [4080], 'M.H.S.,': [4081], 'Marge': [4082], 'Lenane,': [4083], 'M.S.W.,': [4084], 'Judith': [4086], 'Rapoport,': [4088], 'September': [4090, 4153], '2000': [4091, 4154], '157,': [4098, 4161], '9Brain': [4100], 'Spectrum': [4105], 'Disorder': [4106], 'Observed': [4107], 'Statistical': [4109], 'Parametric': [4110], 'Mapping': [4111], 'Structural': [4113], 'ImagesElizabeth': [4116], 'Sowell,': [4118], 'Jennifer': [4120], 'Levitt,': [4121], 'Paul': [4123], 'Thompson,': [4125], 'Colin': [4127], 'Holmes,': [4129], 'Rebecca': [4131], 'Blanton,': [4133], 'David': [4135], 'Kornsand,': [4137], 'Rochelle': [4139], 'Caplan,': [4140], 'James': [4142], 'McCracken,': [4143], 'Asarnow,': [4146], 'Arthur': [4149], 'Toga,': [4151], '9': [4163], '156Issue': [4165], '8': [4166], '1999Pages': [4168], '1200-1204': [4169], 'Metrics': [4170], 'PDF': [4171], 'download': [4172], 'Published': [4174, 4179], 'online': [4175], '1999': [4178, 4184], 'print': [4181]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2128570033', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T13:17:08.437834', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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