Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2127783198', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000001759', 'title': 'The Official Social Philosophy of the French Third Republic: Léon Bourgeois and Solidarism', 'display_name': 'The Official Social Philosophy of the French Third Republic: Léon Bourgeois and Solidarism', 'publication_year': 1961, 'publication_date': '1961-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2127783198', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000001759', 'mag': '2127783198'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000001759', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6A733D1171E40763635E10C18FB102F5/S0020859000001759a.pdf/div-class-title-the-official-social-philosophy-of-the-french-third-republic-leon-bourgeois-and-solidarism-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S30322847', 'display_name': 'International Review of Social History', 'issn_l': '0020-8590', 'issn': ['0020-8590', '1469-512X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6A733D1171E40763635E10C18FB102F5/S0020859000001759a.pdf/div-class-title-the-official-social-philosophy-of-the-french-third-republic-leon-bourgeois-and-solidarism-div.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005232948', 'display_name': 'Jack Hayward', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'J. E. S. Hayward', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5005232948'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 138, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.994845, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '19', 'last_page': '48'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12909', 'display_name': 'French Historical and Cultural Studies', 'score': 0.9893, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12909', 'display_name': 'French Historical and Cultural Studies', 'score': 0.9893, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1202', 'display_name': 'History'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13888', 'display_name': 'Social Policies and Family', 'score': 0.9717, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13641', 'display_name': 'Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis', 'score': 0.9599, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/göran', 'display_name': 'Göran', 'score': 0.44835788}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6280811}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129603779', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451', 'display_name': 'Welfare state', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5603605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776211767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850', 'display_name': 'Doctrine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5460683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C501299471', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7272', 'display_name': 'Socialism', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5032653}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17022365', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995', 'display_name': 'Individualism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48322973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4724453}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781440064', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1559427', 'display_name': 'Göran', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44835788}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184386139', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52090', 'display_name': 'Bourgeoisie', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42253047}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36019912}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35744858}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33408773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138921699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555', 'display_name': 'Political economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32713866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15708023', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083', 'display_name': 'Humanities', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2046848}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C542948173', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6186', 'display_name': 'Communism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.18218693}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000001759', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6A733D1171E40763635E10C18FB102F5/S0020859000001759a.pdf/div-class-title-the-official-social-philosophy-of-the-french-third-republic-leon-bourgeois-and-solidarism-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S30322847', 'display_name': 'International Review of Social History', 'issn_l': '0020-8590', 'issn': ['0020-8590', '1469-512X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000001759', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6A733D1171E40763635E10C18FB102F5/S0020859000001759a.pdf/div-class-title-the-official-social-philosophy-of-the-french-third-republic-leon-bourgeois-and-solidarism-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S30322847', 'display_name': 'International Review of Social History', 'issn_l': '0020-8590', 'issn': ['0020-8590', '1469-512X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 9, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2026808166', 'https://openalex.org/W2283213441', 'https://openalex.org/W2518108857', 'https://openalex.org/W2977370443', 'https://openalex.org/W4236370101', 'https://openalex.org/W4250631654', 'https://openalex.org/W602197494', 'https://openalex.org/W606982071', 'https://openalex.org/W651516788'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4243862862', 'https://openalex.org/W3216585500', 'https://openalex.org/W2348412630', 'https://openalex.org/W2135927837', 'https://openalex.org/W2079765961', 'https://openalex.org/W2076579441', 'https://openalex.org/W2063475790', 'https://openalex.org/W2045601682', 'https://openalex.org/W2026879365', 'https://openalex.org/W2017669313'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'At': [0], 'the': [1, 4, 6, 17, 41, 82, 100, 103, 122, 134, 139, 148, 162, 173, 201, 205, 220, 246, 266, 270, 275, 287, 302], 'turn': [2], 'of': [3, 16, 40, 51, 92, 106, 114, 131, 142, 150, 164, 175, 180, 191, 208, 225, 274, 290, 306], 'century,': [5], 'authoritative': [7], 'political': [8, 29, 116, 223, 267], 'theorist': [9], 'Henri': [10], 'Michel': [11], 'had': [12, 244], 'this': [13, 93], 'to': [14, 22, 28, 111, 121, 197, 219, 235, 252], 'say': [15], 'characteristic': [18], 'approach': [19], 'in': [20, 26, 133, 158, 172, 228, 285], 'France': [21], 'all': [23], 'problems,': [24], 'and': [25, 118, 120, 126, 145, 160, 167, 188, 216, 222, 232, 237, 250, 257, 277], 'particular': [27], 'problems.': [30], '“We': [31], 'are': [32, 62], 'infatuated': [33], 'with': [34, 64, 84], 'isms': [35], ',': [36], 'it': [37, 77, 261, 296], 'is': [38, 45, 262], 'part': [39, 157], 'national': [42], 'temperament.': [43], 'It': [44], 'significant': [46], 'that': [47, 58, 264], 'a': [48, 65, 155, 178, 185, 189, 226, 293], 'large': [49], 'number': [50], 'our': [52], 'fellow-citizens': [53], 'like': [54], 'them': [55, 171], 'so': [56, 298], 'much,': [57], 'every': [59], 'time': [60], 'they': [61, 68, 86], 'presented': [63], 'new': [66], 'one,': [67], 'greedily': [69], 'seize': [70], 'upon': [71], 'it,': [72], 'without': [73], 'asking': [74], 'themselves': [75], 'whether': [76], 'can': [78], 'be': [79, 198], 'accomodated': [80], 'alongside': [81], 'one': [83], 'which': [85], 'were': [87], 'previously': [88], 'enamoured.”;': [89], 'The': [90, 129], 'accuracy': [91], 'observation': [94], 'has': [95, 195, 297], 'not': [96], 'substantially': [97], 'diminished': [98], 'over': [99], 'last': [101, 303], 'half-century,': [102], 'parties': [104], 'left': [105], 'centre': [107], 'being': [108], 'particularly': [109], 'addicted': [110], 'doctrinaire': [112], 'formulations': [113], 'their': [115], 'philosophies': [117], 'programmes': [119], 'consequent': [123], 'verbal': [124], 'fetishism': [125], 'pompous': [127], 'dogmatism.': [128], 'rise': [130], 'Socialism': [132], 'late': [135], 'nineteenth': [136], 'century': [137], 'overshadowed': [138], 'contemporary': [140], 'crystallisation': [141], 'Radical': [143, 272], 'attitudes': [144], 'aims': [146], 'into': [147, 292], 'doctrine': [149], 'Solidarism.': [151], 'Solidarism,': [152, 209], 'however,': [153], 'played': [154], 'major': [156], 'galvanising': [159], 'rallying': [161], 'protagonists': [163], 'state': [165], 'intervention': [166], 'voluntary': [168], 'association;': [169], 'uniting': [170], 'task': [174], 'building,': [176], 'by': [177, 184, 215], 'series': [179], 'piecemeal': [181], 'reforms': [182], 'inspired': [183, 214], 'simple': [186], 'principle': [187], 'multiplicity': [190], 'imperative': [192], 'needs': [193, 224], 'what': [194], 'come': [196], 'known': [199], 'as': [200, 241, 295], '“Welfare': [202], 'State”.': [203], 'Despite': [204], 'doctrinal': [206], 'fragility': [207], 'its': [210], 'practical': [211], 'programme': [212], 'was': [213, 217], 'appropriate': [218], 'social': [221], 'society': [227], 'transition': [229, 247], 'from': [230, 248], 'individualist': [231], 'non-interventionist': [233], 'liberalism': [234], 'associationist': [236], 'statist': [238], 'socialism,': [239], 'just': [240], 'liberal': [242], 'economism': [243], 'secured': [245], 'corporativism': [249], 'mercantilism': [251], 'private': [253], 'enterprise,': [254], 'laisser': [255, 258], 'faire': [256], 'passer.': [259], 'To-day': [260], 'Gaullism': [263], 'dominates': [265], 'scene,': [268], 'but': [269], 'tenacious': [271], 'tradition': [273], 'Third': [276], 'Fourth': [278], 'Republics': [279], 'may': [280], 'yet': [281], 'reassert': [282], 'itself,': [283], 'transforming': [284], 'retrospect': [286], 'tidal': [288], 'wave': [289], 'to-day': [291], 'ripple,': [294], 'frequently': [299], 'done': [300], 'during': [301], 'eighty': [304], 'years': [305], "France's": [307], 'tormented': [308], 'history.': [309]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2127783198', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T07:41:20.704229', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}