Prognostic Significance of Positive Surgical Margins in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Makoto Ohori; Thomas M. Wheeler; Michael W. Kattan; Yasuki Goto; Peter T. Scardino
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195, 315, 435], 'surgical': [77, 106, 128, 143, 162, 178, 196, 289, 316, 342, 432], 'margins': [78, 144, 163, 179, 197, 290, 317, 433], 'radical': [80, 216, 241, 260, 292, 319, 349, 458, 496, 518, 541, 561, 575, 627, 660, 692, 711], 'prostatectomy': [81, 217, 320, 438, 519, 576, 629, 693, 712], 'specimens': [82], 'was': [83, 97, 115, 173], 'assessed.': [84], 'Materials': [85], 'Methods:': [87], 'interval': [89], 'progression': [91, 169, 239, 258, 456], '(increasing': [92], 'prostate': [93, 273, 337, 402, 418, 484, 527, 697, 734], 'specific': [94, 403], 'antigen': [95], 'level)': [96], 'measured': [98], '478': [100], 'patients': [101, 119, 657], 'by': [102, 176, 208, 372, 689, 733, 771, 974, 2767, 2777, 2785, 2793, 2800, 2808], 'status': [103], 'the': [105, 112, 190, 219, 272, 296, 341, 387, 442, 624, 823, 827, 1481, 1576, 2604, 2668], 'margins.': [107, 129], 'Results:': [108], 'At': [109], '5': [110, 275, 306], 'years,': [111], 'nonprogression': [113], 'rate': [114], '64': [116], 'percent': [117, 123], 'for': [118, 124, 439, 520, 577, 587, 686, 695, 2549], 'with': [120, 150, 166, 185, 200, 238, 274, 336, 416, 434, 465, 659], '83': [122], 'those': [125], 'without': [126], 'With': [130, 1442, 1528, 1671, 2612], 'a': [131, 154, 167, 460, 609, 649, 1561, 2600], 'high': [132], 'grade': [133], 'cancer,': [134], 'seminal': [135, 730], 'vesicle': [136, 731], 'invasion': [137], 'or': [138, 159, 525, 1572], 'lymph': [139, 480], 'node': [140, 346], 'metastases,': [141], 'had': [145], 'no': [146], 'effect': [147], 'on': [148, 455, 1018, 2554], 'prognosis;': [149], 'extracapsular': [151, 186, 312], 'extension': [152, 187, 313, 339], 'Gleason': [155, 408, 824], 'score': [156, 409], '6': [158, 329, 1831], 'less': [160], 'were': [164], 'associated': [165, 199, 335], 'higher': [168], 'rate.': [170], 'Conclusions:': [171], 'Prognosis': [172, 2608], 'adversely': [174], 'affected': [175], 'only': [180], 'moderately': [182], 'differentiated': [183], 'cancers': [184], 'alone.': [188], 'If': [189], 'cancer': [191, 338, 589, 655], 'is': [192, 1711], 'otherwise': [193], 'confined,': [194], 'are': [198], 'an': [201, 254], 'excellent': [202], 'prognosis': [203], 'unlikely': [204], 'be': [206, 1568], 'improved': [207], 'adjuvant': [209, 558, 585], 'therapy.': [210], 'References': [211], '1': [212], ':': [213, 233, 250, 287, 307, 330, 359, 381, 398, 428, 450, 476, 494, 512, 537, 554, 570, 602, 621, 645, 671, 682, 708, 723, 1914], 'Impact': [214, 965, 1012], 'management': [220], 'clinically': [222, 521], 'localized': [223, 417, 522], 'disease.': [224], 'J.': [225, 279, 299, 322, 351, 420, 468, 486, 504, 529, 546, 594, 662, 674, 699, 715, 737], 'Urol.1994;': [226, 530], '152:': [227, 531], '1826.': [228], 'Link,': [229, 283, 303, 326, 355, 424, 472, 490, 508, 533, 550, 598], 'Google': [230, 247, 284, 304, 327, 356, 378, 395, 425, 447, 473, 491, 509, 534, 551, 567, 599, 618, 642, 668, 679, 705, 720, 742], 'Scholar': [231, 248, 285, 305, 328, 357, 379, 396, 426, 448, 474, 492, 510, 535, 552, 568, 600, 619, 643, 669, 680, 706, 721, 743], '2': [232], 'Correlation': [234], 'pathologic': [236], 'findings': [237, 436], 'following': [240, 259, 457, 540], 'retropubic': [242, 628], 'prostatectomy.': [243, 350, 562], 'Cancer1993;': [244], '71:': [245], '3582.': [246], '3': [249, 1795, 2372], 'Is': [251], 'tumor': [252], 'volume': [253], 'independent': [255], 'predictor': [256], 'prostatectomy?': [261, 661], 'A': [262, 783, 815, 1203, 1404, 1932, 1944, 1979, 2162, 2211, 2283, 2416, 2519, 2545], 'multivariate': [263], 'analysis': [264, 430], '185': [266], 'clinical': [267, 405, 578], 'stage': [268, 406, 413, 579, 654], 'B': [269, 1050, 1590, 1845, 2121], 'adenocarcinomas': [270], 'years': [276], 'followup.': [278, 467], 'Urol.1993;': [280, 352, 421, 469], '149:': [281], '1478.': [282], '4': [286], 'at': [291, 348, 826, 1152, 1636], 'prostatectomy:': [293, 459, 497, 542, 608], 'importance': [294], 'apical': [297], 'dissection.': [298], 'Urol.1990;': [300, 505, 675], '143:': [301, 506, 676], '1166.': [302], 'Frequency': [308], 'location': [310], 'specimens.': [321, 713], 'Urol.1992;': [323], '148:': [324], '331.': [325], 'Analysis': [331, 832], 'risk': [333], 'factors': [334], 'margin': [343], 'pelvic': [345, 572], 'metastasis': [347], '150:': [353, 422, 470], '1845.': [354], '7': [358, 1785, 2431], 'Urological': [360, 773, 2769], 'tumours:': [361], 'prostate.': [362, 388, 443], 'In:': [363, 634], 'TNM': [364], 'Classification': [365], 'Malignant': [367], 'Tumours,': [368], '4th': [369], 'ed..': [370], 'Edited': [371], '.': [373, 635], 'New': [374], 'York:': [375], 'Springer-Verlag1987:': [376], '141.': [377, 566], '8': [380], 'Anatomic': [382], 'considerations': [383], 'carcinoma': [385], 'Urol.': [389], 'Clin.': [390], 'N.': [391], 'Amer.1989;': [392], '16:': [393, 718], '623.': [394], '9': [397], 'use': [400], 'antigen,': [404], 'predict': [411], 'pathological': [412], 'men': [415], 'cancer.': [419, 485, 528, 698, 735], '110.': [423], '10': [427], 'Morphologic': [429], 'adenocarcinoma': [440], 'Cancer1992;': [444], '69:': [445], '520.': [446], '11': [449], 'Influence': [451], 'capsular': [453], 'penetration': [454], 'study': [461, 611], '196': [463], 'cases': [464], 'long-term': [466], '135.': [471], '12': [475], 'Prognostic': [477, 1104, 1715], 'nodal': [481], 'metastases': [482], 'Urol.1989;': [487], '142:': [488], '332.': [489], '13': [493], 'Nerve-sparing': [495], 'evaluation': [498], 'results': [500, 516, 543], 'after': [501, 517, 560, 691, 792], '250': [502], 'patients.': [503], '538.': [507], '14': [511], 'Long-term': [513], '(15': [514], 'years)': [515], '(stage': [523], 'T2c': [524], 'lower)': [526], '1850.': [532], '15': [536], 'Adjuvant': [538, 788, 875, 1523], 'radiotherapy': [539], 'complications.': [545], 'Urol.1986;': [547, 595], '135:': [548, 596], '65.': [549, 641], '16': [553], 'Radiation': [555, 1524], 'therapy': [556], 'as': [557], 'treatment': [559, 586], 'NCI': [563], 'Monogr.1988;': [564], '7:': [565], '17': [569], 'Bilateral': [571], 'lymphadenectomy': [573], 'C': [580, 897, 1558, 1891, 2447], 'prostatic': [581], 'cancer:': [582], 'role': [583], 'residual': [588], 'disease': [592], 'progression.': [593], '1199.': [597], '18': [601], 'Neoadjuvant': [603], 'androgen': [604], 'blockade': [605], 'prior': [606], 'retrospective': [610], 'critical': [613], 'review.': [614], 'Prostate1994;': [615], '5:': [616], '9.': [617], '19': [620], 'Modifications': [622], 'technique': [625], 'minimize': [631], 'blood': [632], 'loss.': [633], 'Philadelphia:': [636], 'B.': [638], 'Saunders': [639], 'Co.1994:': [640], '20': [644], 'Has': [646, 2597], 'there': [647], 'been': [648], 'recent': [650], 'shift': [651], 'towards': [652], 'earlier': [653], 'among': [656], 'treated': [658], 'Urol.1995;': [663, 700], '153:': [664, 701], '428A.': [665], 'abstract': [666, 703], '797.': [667], '21': [670], 'Editorial': [672, 933], 'comment.': [673], '1172.': [677], 'Abstract,': [678], '22': [681], 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2346, 2380, 2514, 2542, 2634, 2653, 2656], '(2015)': [819], 'Importance': [820], 'Reporting': [822], 'Score': [825], 'Margin': [830, 1141, 1564], 'Site:': [831], '4,082': [834], 'Consecutive': [835], 'CasesJournal': [838], '195,': [842], '2,': [844, 888, 1288, 2137, 2223, 2264, 2406, 2566, 2692, 2736], '(337-342),': [845], '1-Feb-2016.Thompson': [849], 'Albertsen': [853], 'P,': [854, 995, 1045, 1083, 1218, 1262, 1690, 2005], 'Davis': [855, 998], 'B,': [856, 1427, 1613], 'Goldenberg': [857], 'S,': [858, 946, 948, 991, 993, 1001, 1005, 1335, 1375, 1423, 1510, 1545, 1654, 1728, 2080, 2586, 2590, 2626], 'Hahn': [859], 'C,': [860, 1296, 1298, 1463, 1467, 1551, 2151, 2157, 2270, 2414], 'Klein': [861, 1042], 'E,': [862, 1043, 1260, 1421, 1461, 1841, 2001, 2149, 2196, 2336, 2540, 2630], 'Michalski': [863], 'J,': [864, 1085, 1220, 1294, 1369, 1457, 1549, 1621, 1970, 2072, 2074, 2078, 2082, 2190, 2192, 2412], 'Roach': [865], 'Sartor': [867], 'O,': [868, 1686, 1809], 'Wolf': [869], 'Faraday': 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'(1357-1363),': [1078], '1-Oct-2009.Swindle': [1082], 'Maru': [1092], 'Slawin': [1094], 'K': [1095, 1230, 1266, 1432, 2159, 2200], 'P': [1098, 1131, 1233, 1380, 1474, 1735, 1975, 2087, 2237, 2308, 2419, 2595], '(2018)': [1099, 1180, 1234, 1270, 1304, 1345, 1381, 1433, 1475, 1516, 1559, 1594, 1627, 1660, 1700, 1736, 1774, 1815, 1849, 1892, 1936, 1976, 2013, 2047, 2088, 2125, 2163, 2204, 2241, 2276, 2309, 2350, 2384, 2420, 2448, 2479, 2515, 2546, 2572, 2596, 2638, 2657, 2684, 2706, 2724, 2742], 'Matter?': [1102], 'SpecimensJournal': [1113, 1490], '179,': [1117], '5S,': [1119], '(S47-S51),': [1120], '1-May-2008.Chuang': [1124], 'Nielsen': [1126], 'Hernandez': [1128], 'Walsh': [1130], '(2007)': [1135], 'Areas': [1143], 'Capsular': [1145], 'Incision': [1146], 'Otherwise': [1148], 'Organ': [1149], 'Confined': [1150], '178,': [1158], '(1306-1310),': [1161], '1-Oct-2007.Ates': [1165], 'Teber': [1167], 'Gözen': [1169], 'Tefekli': [1171], 'Sugiono': [1173], 'Hruza': [1175], 'Rassweiler': [1178], 'Tumor': [1182, 1184], 'Volume,': [1183], 'Volume': [1185, 2757], 'Ratio,': [1186], 'Type': [1187], 'Nerve': [1189], 'Sparing': [1190], 'Experience': [1193], 'Affect': [1194], 'Specific': [1196, 2558], 'Antigen': [1197, 2559], 'Laparoscopic': [1200, 1628], 'Prostatectomy?': [1202], 'Matched': [1204], 'Pair': [1205], 'AnalysisJournal': [1206], '177,': [1210], '5,': [1212, 1539, 1722, 1803, 1954, 2040, 2328], '(1771-1776),': [1213], '1-May-2007.SWINDLE': [1217], 'EASTHAM': [1219], 'OHORI': [1221, 1268, 1691], 'KATTAN': [1223, 1458, 1693, 2234], 'WHEELER': [1225, 1263, 1428, 1464, 1695, 2232], 'MARU': [1227], 'SLAWIN': [1229, 1265, 1431], 'SCARDINO': [1232, 1261, 1473, 1689, 2236], 'DO': [1235], 'MARGINS': [1236, 1244, 1821, 2093, 2394], 'MATTER?': [1237], 'THE': [1238, 1382, 1389, 1394, 1397, 1893, 2019, 2057, 2099, 2107, 2129, 2251, 2313], 'PROGNOSTIC': [1239, 1276, 1347, 1775, 2245, 2351, 2516], 'SIGNIFICANCE': [1240, 1348, 2246], 'OF': [1241, 1314, 1349, 1385, 1396, 1779, 1817, 1851, 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1515], 'STEPHENSON': [1302], 'BIOCHEMICAL': [1305, 1864], 'FAILURE': [1306, 1865], 'MEN': [1308, 2427], 'FOLLOWING': [1309, 2359, 2423], 'RETROPUBIC': [1311, 1354, 1824, 2453], 'PROSTATECTOMY:': [1312, 1943, 1985, 2128, 2210, 2279], 'IMPACT': [1313, 2089], 'MARGIN': [1316, 1860, 1907, 1982, 2522], 'STATUS': [1317, 1861, 1908], 'AND': [1318, 1796, 1859, 1905, 2098, 2244, 2389, 2489], 'LOCATIONJournal': [1319], '(129-132),': [1326], '1-Jul-2004.SHUFORD': [1330], 'COOKSON': [1332], 'CHANG': [1334, 2071], 'SHINTANI': [1336], 'TSIATIS': [1338], 'SMITH': [1340], 'SHAPPELL': [1343], 'ADVERSE': [1346], 'CAPSULAR': [1350], 'INCISION': [1351], 'WITH': [1352, 1781, 2015, 2355, 2428], 'PROSTATECTOMYJournal': [1355, 1825, 1868, 2322, 2491], '(119-123),': [1362], '1-Jul-2004.COOPERBERG': [1366], 'BROERING': [1368, 2073], 'LITWIN': [1370], 'LUBECK': [1372], 'MEHTA': [1374], 'HENNING': [1376, 2081], 'CARROLL': [1379, 1974, 2086, 2307], 'CONTEMPORARY': [1383], 'MANAGEMENT': [1384, 1977, 2314], 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[1501], 'BABAIAN': [1503, 1514], 'K,': [1504, 1688, 1730, 2303], 'CHEUNG': [1505], 'NAYA': [1507], 'HUANG': [1509], 'KUBAN': [1511], 'Identification': [1517], 'Factors': [1519], 'Response': [1521], 'Therapy': [1525], 'Patients': [1527, 2610], '(1860-1863),': [1540], '1-Nov-2003.FREEDLAND': [1544], 'ARONSON': [1546], 'W,': [1547, 1762, 1886, 2007, 2342, 2505], 'PRESTI': [1548, 1969, 2304], 'KANE': [1550], 'TERRIS': [1552], 'ELASHOFF': [1554], 'AMLING': [1557], 'Should': [1560], 'Following': [1565], 'Pathological': [1569, 1663, 1705, 2605], 'Stage': [1570, 1706], 'T2': [1571, 2033], 'T3?': [1573], 'Results': [1574], 'From': [1575], 'SEARCH': [1577], 'DatabaseJournal': [1578], '169,': [1582, 1605, 1642, 1678], '(2142-2146),': [1585], '1-Jun-2003.AKDUMAN': [1589], 'CRAWFORD': [1592], 'E': [1593, 1888, 1972], 'Management': [1596], 'High': [1598], 'CancerJournal': [1601, 1750, 2730], '(1993-1998),': [1608], '1-Jun-2003.GUILLONNEAU': [1612], 'EL-FETTOUH': [1614], 'BAUMERT': [1616], 'CATHELINEAU': [1618], 'X,': [1619, 1880], 'DOUBLET': [1620], 'FROMONT': [1622], 'VALLANCIEN': [1625], 'Oncological': [1631], '1,000': [1634], 'Cases': [1635], 'Montsouris': [1637], 'InstituteJournal': [1638], '(1261-1266),': [1645], '1-Apr-2003.SOFER': [1649], 'SAVOIE': [1651], 'KIM': [1653], 'CIVANTOS': [1655], 'F': [1656, 2203], 'SOLOWAY': [1658, 2382], 'And': [1662], 'Predictors': [1664], 'Of': [1665, 1668], 'Prostatic': [1669], 'Adenocarcinoma': [1670], 'Seminal': [1672], 'Vesicle': [1673], 'InvasionJournal': [1674], '(153-156),': [1681], '1-Jan-2003.YOSSEPOWITCH': [1685], 'SIRCAR': [1687], 'Bladder': [1701], 'Neck': [1702], 'Involvement': [1703], 'pT4': [1707], 'An': [1713], 'Independent': [1714], 'FactorJournal': [1716], '168,': [1720, 1754], '(2011-2015),': [1723], '1-Nov-2002.Elliott': [1727], 'Shinohara': [1729], 'Logan': [1731], 'Carroll': [1734], 'Sextant': [1737, 1743], 'Biopsies': [1739], 'Predict': [1740], 'Side': [1741], 'Site': [1744], 'Extracapsular': [1746], 'Extension': [1747], '(105-109),': [1757], '1-Jul-2002.LAU': [1761], 'BLUTE': [1763], 'BOSTWICK': [1765], 'WEAVER': [1767], 'SEBO': [1769], 'ZINCKE': [1772, 1847], 'H': [1773, 1814, 1848, 2637], 'FACTORS': [1776], 'FOR': [1777, 1916, 2312, 2362, 2398], 'SURVIVAL': [1778], 'PATIENTS': [1780, 2014, 2354], 'PATHOLOGICAL': [1782, 2242, 2482], 'GLEASON': [1783, 1793, 1852, 2429], 'SCORE': [1784, 2430], 'CANCER:': [1787, 1913], 'DIFFERENCES': [1788], 'OUTCOME': [1790, 2281], 'BETWEEN': [1791], 'PRIMARY': [1792], 'GRADES': [1794], '4Journal': [1797], '166,': [1801], '(1692-1697),': [1804], '1-Nov-2001.SHAH': [1808], 'MELAMED': [1810], 'LEPOR': [1813], 'ANALYSIS': [1816], 'APICAL': [1818, 2252, 2521], 'SOFT': [1819], 'TISSUE': [1820], 'DURING': [1822, 2282], '165,': [1829, 1872], 'Part': [1832, 2373], '(1943-1949),': [1834], '1-Jun-2001.BLUTE': [1838], 'BERGSTRALH': [1840], 'IOCCA': [1842], 'SCHERER': [1844], 'USE': [1850, 2100], 'SCORE,': [1853], 'SPECIFIC': [1855, 2173], 'ANTIGEN,': [1856], 'SEMINAL': [1857, 2356], 'VESICLE': [1858, 2357], 'TO': [1862, 2455], 'PREDICT': [1863, 2171], 'AFTER': [1866, 1983, 2176, 2208, 2320, 2395], '(119-125),': [1875], '1-Jan-2001.GAO': [1879], 'MOHIDEEN': [1881], 'FLANIGAN': [1883], 'WATERS': [1885], 'WOJCIK': [1887], 'LEMAN': [1890], 'EXTENT': [1894], 'BIOPSY': [1896, 2170, 2316], 'INVOLVEMENT': [1897, 2358], 'AS': [1898, 2029], 'PREDICTOR': [1901], 'EXTRAPROSTATIC': [1903], 'EXTENSION': [1904], 'LOW': [1910], 'RISK': [1911], 'IMPLICATIONS': [1915, 2517], 'TREATMENT': [1917, 2390], 'SELECTIONJournal': [1918], '164,': [1922, 1952, 1991], '(1982-1986),': [1925], '1-Dec-2000.SCOLIERI': [1929], 'ALTMAN': [1931], 'RESNICK': [1934], 'NEOADJUVANT': [1937, 2485], 'HORMONAL': [1938], 'ABLATIVE': [1939], 'THERAPY': [1940, 2311, 2488], 'BEFORE': [1941, 2484], 'REVIEW.': [1945], 'IT': [1947], 'INDICATED?Journal': [1948], '(1465-1472),': [1955], '1-Nov-2000.GROSSFELD': [1959], 'G,': [1960, 2070, 2299, 2700], 'TIGRANI': [1961], 'V,': [1962, 1968], 'NUDELL': [1963], 'ROACH': [1965, 2300], 'WEINBERG': [1967], 'SMALL': [1971], 'DECISION': [1986], 'ANALYSISJournal': [1987], '(93-100),': [1994], '1-Jul-2000.TIGUERT': [1998], 'GHEILER': [2000, 2335], 'GRIGNON': [2002, 2343], 'LITTRUP': [2004], 'SAKR': [2006, 2341], 'PONTES': [2008, 2345], 'WOOD': [2011, 2348], 'ABNORMAL': [2016], 'ULTRASOUND': [2017], 'BUT': [2021], 'NORMAL': [2022], 'DIGITAL': [2023], 'RECTAL': [2024], 'EXAMINATION': [2025], 'SHOULD': [2026], 'BE': [2027], 'CLASSIFIED': [2028], 'HAVING': [2030], 'CLINICAL': [2031], 'STAGE': [2032, 2483], 'TUMORSJournal': [2034], '163,': [2038, 2062, 2113, 2135], '(1486-1490),': [2041], '1-May-2000.Jarrard': [2045], 'EDITORIAL:': [2048], 'MORE': [2049], 'DATA': [2050, 2105], 'ON': [2051, 2056, 2094, 2167], 'LOCALLY': [2052], 'EXTENSIVE': [2053], 'CANCER—BETTING': [2055], 'MARGINJournal': [2058], '(1189-1190),': [2065], '1-Apr-2000.GROSSFELD': [2069], 'MILLER': [2075], 'YU': [2077], 'FLANDERS': [2079], 'STIER': [2083], 'RECURRENCE': 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