Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Kristian Thygesen; Joseph S. Alpert; Harvey D. White
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'(Singapore),': [308, 742], 'Marco': [309, 327, 743, 761], 'Martinez-Rios': [311, 745], '(Mexico),': [312, 746], 'Steve': [313, 747], 'Steinhubl': [314, 748], 'Glen': [316, 750], 'Levine': [318, 752], 'Brian': [321, 755], 'Gibler': [322, 756], 'Goff': [325, 759], 'Tubaro': [328, 762], 'Darek': [330, 764], 'Dudek': [331, 765], 'Nawwar': [333, 767], 'Al-Attar': [334, 768], '(France)': [335, 769], 'ThygesenKristian': [337], 'Search': [339, 352, 365, 373, 397, 430, 457, 490, 524, 561, 593, 629, 642, 702, 712, 770], 'for': [340, 353, 366, 374, 398, 431, 458, 491, 525, 562, 594, 630, 643, 703, 713, 771, 786, 971, 992, 1052, 1280, 1465, 1541, 1633, 1935, 2324, 2367, 2487, 2618, 2647, 2680, 2730, 2740, 2759, 2771, 2794, 2805, 2811, 2945, 2991, 3035, 3078, 3195, 3364, 3491, 3985, 4007], 'more': [341, 354, 367, 375, 399, 432, 459, 492, 526, 563, 595, 631, 644, 704, 714, 772, 1083, 1120, 1143, 1191, 2451, 2772, 3614, 3686], 'papers': [342, 355, 368, 376, 400, 433, 460, 493, 527, 564, 596, 632, 645, 705, 715, 773], 'by': [343, 356, 369, 377, 401, 434, 461, 494, 528, 565, 597, 633, 646, 706, 716, 774, 1168, 1174, 1214, 1661, 1736, 1746, 1787, 1797, 1837, 1885, 1945, 1972, 2012, 2096, 2404, 2527, 2964, 3180, 3313, 3573, 3723, 4049, 4249], 'this': [344, 357, 370, 378, 402, 435, 462, 495, 529, 566, 598, 634, 647, 707, 717, 775, 799, 808, 1133, 1207, 1551, 1623, 1631, 2916, 3097, 3191, 3760, 3870], 'author': [345, 358, 371, 379, 403, 436, 463, 496, 530, 567, 599, 635, 648, 708, 718, 776], 'AlpertJoseph': [349], 'WhiteHarvey': [362], 'and': [719, 777, 826, 837, 930, 948, 989, 995, 1011, 1020, 1040, 1077, 1085, 1089, 1114, 1126, 1172, 1178, 1187, 1193, 1196, 1230, 1263, 1273, 1297, 1362, 1408, 1448, 1474, 1492, 1574, 1673, 1689, 1741, 1759, 1763, 1938, 1964, 1971, 2028, 2049, 2051, 2089, 2102, 2116, 2138, 2142, 2151, 2179, 2305, 2314, 2371, 2548, 2566, 2636, 2736, 2830, 2844, 2854, 3018, 3052, 3063, 3091, 3257, 3275, 3288, 3295, 3298, 3343, 3393, 3408, 3442, 3457, 3554, 3560, 3582, 3589, 3719, 3779, 3820, 3923, 4034, 4070, 4082, 4099, 4107, 4129, 4148, 4166, 4176, 4187, 4200], 'on': [720, 778, 913, 1630, 1907, 2801, 2819, 3747, 4076], 'behalf': [721, 779], 'the': [781, 787, 803, 847, 895, 923, 944, 952, 957, 972, 982, 993, 1004, 1009, 1046, 1053, 1065, 1080, 1140, 1151, 1179, 1211, 1224, 1231, 1248, 1255, 1259, 1266, 1304, 1307, 1312, 1328, 1342, 1351, 1355, 1364, 1367, 1372, 1375, 1383, 1396, 1419, 1430, 1463, 1468, 1472, 1480, 1485, 1488, 1490, 1493, 1501, 1512, 1518, 1522, 1538, 1542, 1555, 1563, 1581, 1584, 1591, 1600, 1614, 1627, 1639, 1646, 1665, 1686, 1691, 1726, 1739, 1847, 1908, 1914, 1923, 1926, 1953, 1961, 1968, 1988, 1994, 2013, 2019, 2023, 2026, 2052, 2087, 2093, 2124, 2149, 2155, 2166, 2171, 2195, 2199, 2230, 2268, 2273, 2284, 2335, 2345, 2430, 2467, 2494, 2528, 2531, 2538, 2541, 2578, 2607, 2689, 2709, 2714, 2727, 2731, 2755, 2795, 2802, 2812, 2826, 2848, 2855, 2865, 2874, 2906, 2924, 2930, 2936, 2949, 2958, 2980, 2988, 2992, 3009, 3012, 3016, 3026, 3031, 3036, 3056, 3064, 3079, 3086, 3092, 3130, 3137, 3163, 3166, 3184, 3187, 3199, 3225, 3239, 3254, 3258, 3264, 3268, 3272, 3278, 3356, 3387, 3390, 3394, 3433, 3436, 3464, 3492, 3509, 3512, 3567, 3574, 3592, 3596, 3599, 3606, 3634, 3644, 3693, 3711, 3738, 3742, 3748, 3827, 3837, 3863, 3892, 3966, 3982, 4016, 4020, 4022, 4053, 4066, 4077, 4112, 4132, 4141, 4159, 4179, 4217, 4243, 4250], 'Joint': [782], 'ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF': [783], 'Task': [784, 1508, 1524, 1578, 1596], 'Force': [785, 1509, 1525, 1579, 1597], 'Redefinition': [788], 'Originally': [792], 'published19': [793], 'Oct': [794], '2007https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187397Circulation.': [795], '2007;116:2634–2653Other': [796], 'version(s)': [797], 'articleYou': [800], 'are': [801, 937, 1203, 1753, 1942, 2575, 2910, 2955, 3171, 3178, 3405, 3449, 3685, 3849, 3885, 3905, 3971, 4004, 4038, 4042, 4170, 4230], 'viewing': [802], 'most': [804, 1680, 3196], 'recent': [805, 2188, 3107], 'version': [806], 'article.': [809], 'Previous': [810, 815], 'versions:': [811], 'October': [812], '19,': [813], '2007:': [814], 'Version': [816], '1': [817], 'infarction': [819, 857, 892, 915, 961, 985, 1027, 1072, 1125, 1156, 1202, 1252, 1282, 1315, 1478, 1546, 1604, 1653, 1718, 1774, 1794, 1997, 2009, 2027, 2061, 2077, 2160, 2196, 2246, 2387, 2394, 2435, 2457, 2470, 2558, 2860, 2928, 3069, 3121, 3153, 3324, 3382, 3483, 3769, 3833, 3868, 3910, 3987, 4026, 4046, 4229, 4245], 'is': [820, 831, 998, 1013, 1625, 1664, 1728, 1795, 1809, 1841, 1854, 1980, 2010, 2030, 2062, 2197, 2233, 2265, 2395, 2559, 2650, 2683, 2711, 2724, 2789, 2861, 2877, 2887, 2918, 2961, 2974, 2985, 3070, 3075, 3122, 3141, 3154, 3158, 3193, 3234, 3315, 3426, 3505, 3525, 3534, 3714, 3750, 3755, 3771, 3834, 3988, 4027, 4123, 4138, 4145, 4163], 'a': [821, 832, 853, 860, 864, 878, 940, 963, 969, 1032, 1048, 1119, 1127, 1238, 1388, 1506, 1529, 1609, 1617, 1668, 1677, 1827, 1859, 2075, 2187, 2191, 2216, 2244, 2255, 2292, 2384, 2421, 2616, 2686, 2693, 2704, 2882, 2977, 3159, 3205, 3951, 3975, 4266], 'major': [822, 879, 987], 'cause': [823], 'death': [825, 885, 1656, 1802, 1808, 1853, 2029, 2206, 2261, 2419, 2476, 2523, 3927], 'disability': [827], 'worldwide.': [828], 'Coronary': [829, 3284], 'atherosclerosis': [830], 'chronic': [833, 866, 2898], 'disease': [834, 928, 977, 1063, 2281, 2296], 'with': [835, 843, 909, 1453, 1500, 1517, 1707, 1715, 1777, 2099, 2165, 2207, 2237, 2289, 2362, 2373, 2399, 2478, 2744, 2897, 2968, 3202, 3244, 3416, 3446, 3484, 3520, 3766, 3874, 3917, 4213], 'stable': [836], 'unstable': [838, 841], 'periods.': [839], 'During': [840, 1576], 'periods': [842], 'activated': [844], 'inflammation': [845], 'in': [846, 863, 907, 939, 962, 978, 1008, 1017, 1206, 1217, 1241, 1243, 1254, 1258, 1324, 1327, 1334, 1413, 1424, 1429, 1445, 1471, 1534, 1553, 1590, 1613, 1645, 1676, 1871, 1987, 2198, 2229, 2262, 2334, 2344, 2441, 2530, 2577, 2587, 2606, 2640, 2905, 3022, 3165, 3253, 3331, 3355, 3386, 3420, 3452, 3463, 3517, 3528, 3530, 3537, 3566, 3601, 3611, 3636, 3648, 3661, 3681, 3691, 3703, 3730, 3784, 3817, 3826, 3836, 3869, 3882, 3896, 3958, 3965, 3993, 4015, 4052, 4104, 4120, 4135, 4156, 4182, 4216, 4232, 4265], 'vascular': [848], 'wall,': [849], 'patients': [850, 908, 2241, 2288, 2348, 2360, 2398, 2448, 2896, 2908, 3117, 3243, 3765, 3873, 3915, 3944], 'may': [851, 858, 869, 875, 893, 904, 1028, 1743, 1775, 2041, 2085, 2161, 2173, 2182, 2297, 2319, 2332, 2349, 2449, 2837, 2942, 3044, 3328, 3349, 3383, 3431, 3469, 3499, 3626, 3720, 3803, 3814, 3858, 4152, 4210, 4246], 'develop': [852, 1863, 2228, 2298], 'myocardial': [854, 891, 914, 960, 984, 1026, 1058, 1071, 1100, 1124, 1147, 1155, 1201, 1222, 1251, 1281, 1314, 1345, 1368, 1381, 1477, 1545, 1603, 1652, 1717, 1757, 1800, 1850, 1880, 1895, 1936, 1978, 2008, 2245, 2356, 2386, 2424, 2434, 2456, 2469, 2474, 2500, 2583, 2591, 2622, 2648, 2660, 2675, 2718, 2734, 2859, 2868, 2913, 2927, 2995, 3039, 3068, 3082, 3120, 3246, 3309, 3321, 3353, 3379, 3403, 3482, 3496, 3624, 3671, 3675, 3696, 3707, 3768, 3806, 3832, 3867, 3907, 3937, 3953, 3977, 3986, 4008, 4025, 4061, 4220, 4226], 'infarction.': [855, 1059, 2059, 2357, 3040, 3502, 4221], 'be': [859, 877, 894, 966, 1029, 1136, 1318, 1606, 1683, 1744, 1761, 1883, 1999, 2042, 2111, 2146, 2184, 2327, 2333, 2342, 2379, 2413, 2437, 2464, 2525, 2738, 2763, 2799, 2817, 3000, 3006, 3147, 3174, 3209, 3329, 3384, 3470, 3571, 3609, 3619, 3721, 3822, 3859, 3912, 3946, 4154, 4211, 4247, 4257], 'minor': [861, 4031], 'event': [862, 881, 2251], 'lifelong': [865], 'disease,': [867, 901, 3361], 'it': [868, 874, 903, 1012, 1742, 2232, 2498, 3617, 3770, 3888], 'even': [870, 1781, 2388, 2671, 3841], 'go': [871], 'undetected,': [872], 'but': [873, 1823, 1857, 2267, 3639], 'also': [876, 2463, 3223, 3304, 3815, 4153], 'catastrophic': [880], 'leading': [882, 1005, 1353, 2073], 'sudden': [884, 2204, 2315, 2418, 3925], 'or': [886, 902, 1333, 1359, 1379, 1704, 1709, 1750, 1770, 1780, 1791, 1869, 1887, 1904, 1918, 1992, 2005, 2037, 2208, 2247, 2290, 2329, 2459, 2491, 2518, 2573, 2654, 3127, 3250, 3323, 3381, 3397, 3478, 3556, 3613, 3658, 3673, 3678, 3698, 3812, 3846, 3903, 3909, 3920, 3933, 3962, 3996, 4001, 4094, 4191, 4208, 4228], 'severe': [887], 'hemodynamic': [888], 'deterioration.': [889], 'A': [890, 3143, 3855, 4125], 'first': [896, 2820, 3013], 'manifestation': [897], 'coronary': [899, 926, 975, 1920, 1989, 2295, 2405, 2482, 3301, 3359], 'artery': [900, 927, 976, 2483, 3285, 3360], 'occur,': [905], 'repeatedly,': [906], 'established': [910, 3572], 'disease.': [911], 'Information': [912], 'attack': [916], 'rates': [917], 'can': [918, 965, 1682, 1760, 1824, 1882, 1998, 2110, 2227, 2326, 2341, 2436, 2524, 2798, 3303, 3570], 'provide': [919, 3113], 'useful': [920], 'data': [921, 936, 3108], 'regarding': [922], 'burden': [924], 'within': [929, 1562], 'across': [931], 'populations,': [932], 'especially': [933, 3709], 'if': [934, 2389, 2847, 2929, 3055, 3156, 3176, 4047, 4140, 4158], 'standardized': [935], 'collected': [938], 'manner': [941], 'that': [942, 979, 1138, 1311, 1599, 2148, 2252, 2466, 2779, 3110, 3214, 3430, 3498, 3524, 3605, 3621, 3745, 3851, 4037, 4224], 'demonstrates': [943], 'distinction': [945], 'between': [946, 1671, 2022, 2842, 3050, 4146, 4164], 'incident': [947], 'recurrent': [949, 3119], 'events.': [950], 'From': [951], 'epidemiological': [953, 1466, 4105], 'point': [954], 'view,': [956], 'incidence': [958], 'population': [964, 1335, 1400, 1426, 2696], 'used': [967, 1319, 3102, 3506, 4102], 'as': [968, 1057, 1110, 1112, 1616, 1799, 1812, 1866, 2002, 2064, 2119, 2121, 2127, 2381, 2415, 2420, 2439, 2552, 2554, 2570, 2625, 2663, 2665, 2685, 2726, 2765, 2976, 2987, 3335, 3362, 3546, 3587, 3762, 3948, 4019, 4065, 4088], 'proxy': [970], 'prevalence': [973], 'population.': [980], 'Furthermore,': [981], 'term': [983, 1313, 1651, 2468, 3734], 'has': [986, 1157, 2657, 3100], 'psychological': [988], 'legal': [990], 'implications': [991, 1275], 'individual': [994, 1933, 2274], 'society.': [996], 'It': [997, 1300, 1875, 2144, 2461, 3754], 'an': [999, 1014, 1215, 1277, 1838, 2158, 2249, 2352, 2600, 2839, 2970, 3046, 3133, 3235, 3427, 3473, 3649, 3792], 'indicator': [1000], 'one': [1002, 2453, 2870, 3637], 'health': [1006, 1106], 'problems': [1007], 'world,': [1010], 'outcome': [1015], 'measure': [1016], 'clinical': [1018, 1054, 1104, 1115, 1294, 1325, 1570, 1678, 1995, 2115, 2150, 2299, 2579, 2610, 2667, 2856, 3065, 3125, 4108], 'trials': [1019, 1116], 'observational': [1021], 'studies.': [1022, 1336], 'With': [1023, 1550], 'these': [1024, 1845, 2221, 2240, 2263, 2330, 2359, 2588, 3897, 4012], 'perspectives,': [1025, 1573], 'defined': [1030, 1070, 1796, 2000, 2684, 2764, 2975], 'from': [1031, 1073, 1285, 1303, 1547, 1685, 1690, 1830, 2114, 2481, 2540, 2903, 3124, 3216], 'number': [1033, 1530], 'different': [1035, 2534, 3175, 3179], 'clinical,': [1036], 'electrocardiographic,': [1037], 'biochemical,': [1038, 1291], 'imaging,': [1039, 1293, 1568], 'pathological': [1041, 1975, 2125, 2167, 2225, 3934], 'characteristics.': [1042], 'Download': [1043, 2444, 4057, 4235], 'figureDownload': [1044, 2445, 2643, 3539, 4058, 4236], 'PowerPointIn': [1045], 'past,': [1047], 'general': [1049], 'consensus': [1050, 1239, 1309, 1386, 1514, 1520, 1594], 'existed': [1051], 'syndrome': [1055], 'designated': [1056, 2725, 2986], 'In': [1060, 3116, 3764, 3872], 'studies': [1061, 4106], 'prevalence,': [1064], 'World': [1066, 1502], 'Health': [1067], 'Organization': [1068], '(WHO)': [1069], 'symptoms,': [1074, 1779, 1783], 'abnormalities,': [1076], 'enzymes.': [1078], 'However,': [1079, 2915, 3106, 3700, 4010], 'development': [1081], 'sensitive': [1084, 1194, 2565, 2773], 'specific': [1086, 1144, 1397, 1755, 2567, 2742, 3687], 'serological': [1087], 'biomarkers': [1088, 1145, 1195, 2181, 2325, 2340, 2568, 2589, 3930], 'precise': [1090, 1121], 'imaging': [1091, 1197], 'techniques': [1092], 'allows': [1093, 2770], 'detection': [1094], 'ever': [1096], 'smaller': [1097], 'amounts': [1098], 'necrosis.': [1101, 4009], 'Accordingly,': [1102], 'current': [1103], 'practice,': [1105, 1326], 'care': [1107], 'delivery': [1108], 'systems,': [1109], 'well': [1111, 2120, 2553, 2664], 'epidemiology': [1113], 'all': [1117, 1634, 1894], 'require': [1118, 2838, 3045, 3604], 'definition': [1122, 1249, 1279, 1601, 1641], 're-evaluation': [1128], 'previous': [1130, 1519, 2276, 3856], 'definitions': [1131], 'condition.It': [1134], 'should': [1135, 1316, 1339, 2145, 2378, 2412, 2462, 2614, 2762, 2816, 2999, 3005, 3146, 3208, 3222, 3618, 3821, 3911, 3945, 4256], 'appreciated': [1137], 'over': [1139, 3213], 'years,': [1141], 'while': [1142], 'necrosis': [1148, 1369, 1881, 1892, 1979, 2501, 2649, 3938], 'became': [1149, 1301], 'available,': [1150, 2957], 'accuracy': [1152], 'detecting': [1154], 'changed.': [1158], 'Such': [1159, 1337], 'changes': [1160, 1612, 1986, 2178, 2211, 2226, 3252], 'occurred': [1161], 'when': [1162, 2193, 2561, 3260, 3710, 3842, 3900, 3990, 4011, 4259], 'glutamine-oxaloacetic': [1163], 'transaminase': [1164], '(GOT)': [1165], 'was': [1166, 1443, 1483, 1526], 'replaced': [1167], 'lactate': [1169], 'dehydrogenase': [1170], '(LDH)': [1171], 'later': [1173, 3021], 'creatine': [1175], 'kinase': [1176], '(CK)': [1177], 'MB': [1180], 'fraction': [1181], 'CK,': [1183, 2550], 'i.e.': [1184, 3212], 'CKMB': [1185, 1188, 2574, 2962, 2972, 3003, 3058, 3099], 'activity': [1186], 'mass.': [1189], 'Current,': [1190], 'specific,': [1192], 'methods': [1198], 'detect': [1200, 3104], 'further': [1204, 1321], 'refinements': [1205], 'evolution.In': [1208], 'response': [1209], 'issues': [1212], 'posed': [1213], 'alteration': [1216], 'our': [1218], 'ability': [1219], 'identify': [1221, 3787], 'infarction,': [1223, 2735, 2869, 3083, 3132], 'European': [1225, 1260], 'Society': [1226], 'Cardiology': [1228, 1235], '(ESC)': [1229], 'American': [1232, 1267, 1494], 'College': [1233, 1268], '(ACC)': [1236], 'convened': [1237], 'conference': [1240], '1999': [1242, 1384], 'order': [1244, 1535, 3023, 3785], 're-examine': [1246], 'jointly': [1247], '(published': [1253], 'year': [1256], '2000': [1257, 1513], 'Heart': [1261, 1495, 1503], 'Journal': [1262, 1264], 'Cardiology1).': [1270], 'The': [1271, 1712, 1974, 2044, 2070, 2258, 2720, 2775, 2792, 2879, 3002, 3248, 3311, 3399, 3503, 3733, 3979, 4150], 'scientific': [1272, 1620], 'societal': [1274], 'altered': [1278], 'were': [1283, 1558, 1587, 2851, 3060], 'examined': [1284], 'seven': [1286], 'points': [1287], 'view:': [1289], 'pathological,': [1290], 'electro-cardiographic,': [1292], 'trials,': [1295], 'epidemiological,': [1296], 'public': [1298], 'policy.': [1299], 'apparent': [1302], 'deliberations': [1305], 'former': [1308], 'committee': [1310], 'not': [1317, 1626, 1730, 1732, 1734, 1754, 1855, 2162, 2472, 2595, 2781, 2790, 2852, 2919, 2956, 3061, 3076, 3526, 3668], 'without': [1320, 1782, 1982, 2067, 2209, 2291, 3663], 'qualifications,': [1322], 'whether': [1323, 2239], 'description': [1329], 'patient': [1331, 2836, 2931, 3017, 3043], 'cohorts,': [1332], 'qualifications': [1338], 'refer': [1340, 3758], 'amount': [1343, 3279], 'cell': [1346, 1655, 1801, 1852, 2475, 2522], 'loss': [1347], '(infarct': [1348], 'size),': [1349], 'circumstances': [1352], 'infarct': [1356], '(e.g.': [1357], 'spontaneous': [1358], 'procedure': [1360], 'related),': [1361], 'timing': [1365, 2153], 'relative': [1370], 'time': [1373, 2020, 2192, 3010], 'observation': [1376], '(evolving,': [1377], 'healing,': [1378, 2004], 'healed': [1380, 2076, 2139], 'infarction).1Following': [1382], 'ESC/ACC': [1385, 1539], 'conference,': [1387], 'group': [1389], 'cardiovascular': [1391], 'epidemiologists': [1392], 'met': [1393], 'address': [1395], 'needs': [1398, 1420], 'surveillance.': [1401], 'This': [1402, 3220], 'international': [1403, 1409], 'meeting,': [1404], 'representing': [1405], 'several': [1406, 1577, 1877, 3994], 'national': [1407], 'organizations,': [1410], 'published': [1411], 'recommendations': [1412, 1417, 1459, 1582], 'Circulation': [1414], '2003.2': [1415], 'These': [1416, 1458, 2317, 2347, 3943], 'addressed': [1418], 'researchers': [1422], 'engaged': [1423], 'long-term': [1425], 'trend': [1427], 'analysis': [1428, 1833], 'context': [1431], 'changing': [1433], 'diagnostic': [1434, 2218, 3048, 3240, 3679], 'tools': [1435], 'using': [1436], 'retrospective': [1437], 'medical': [1438], 'record': [1439, 3774], 'abstraction.': [1440], 'Also': [1441, 3347], 'considered': [1442, 3172, 3210, 3823, 4258], 'surveillance': [1444], 'developing': [1446], 'countries': [1447], 'out-of-hospital': [1449], 'death,': [1450], 'both': [1451], 'situations': [1452], 'limited': [1454], 'and/or': [1455, 1814, 2310, 2409, 2706, 2884, 3028], 'missing': [1456], 'data.': [1457], 'continue': [1460], 'form': [1462], 'basis': [1464, 4078], 'research.Given': [1467], 'considerable': [1469], 'advances': [1470], 'diagnosis': [1473, 1543, 2715, 2732, 2866, 2925, 2993, 3037, 3080, 3493, 3830, 3984, 4239], 'management': [1475], 'since': [1479, 3325], 'original': [1481], 'document': [1482, 1624], 'published,': [1484], 'leadership': [1486], 'ESC,': [1489], 'ACC,': [1491], 'Association': [1496], '(AHA)': [1497], 'convened,': [1498], 'together': [1499], 'Federation': [1504, 2804], '(WHF),': [1505], 'update': [1511], 'document.1': [1515], 'As': [1516, 2967], 'committee,': [1521], 'composed': [1527, 1559], 'working': [1532, 1556, 1585], 'groups': [1533, 1557, 1586, 3544, 3684], 'refine': [1537], 'criteria': [1540, 3490, 3600, 3635], 'various': [1548, 1697, 2431], 'perspectives.': [1549], 'goal': [1552], 'mind,': [1554], 'experts': [1561], 'field': [1564], 'biomarkers,': [1566], 'ECG,': [1567, 1788], 'interventions,': [1569], 'investigations,': [1571], 'global': [1572], 'implications.': [1575], 'meetings,': [1580], 'coordinated,': [1588], 'resulting': [1589], 'present': [1592, 1640, 2361, 3261, 3610, 3850, 3916], 'updated': [1593], 'document.The': [1595], 'recognizes': [1598], 'will': [1605, 1642], 'subject': [1607], 'variety': [1610], 'future': [1615], 'result': [1618, 1666, 1825, 2422, 3816], 'advance.': [1621], 'Therefore,': [1622], 'final': [1628], 'word': [1629], 'issue': [1632], 'time.': [1635], 'Further': [1636], 'refinement': [1637], 'doubtless': [1643], 'occur': [1644, 1776, 3350, 3992, 4014], 'future.Clinical': [1647], 'Features': [1648], 'IschemiaThe': [1650], 'reflects': [1654], 'cardiac': [1658, 1792, 2180, 2205, 2285, 2339, 2390, 2516, 2545, 2571, 2604, 2651, 2681, 3139, 3926, 3929], 'myocytes': [1659, 1927, 2098], 'caused': [1660], 'ischemia,': [1662, 1851, 1929, 2302, 2376, 3708], 'which': [1663, 1818, 2656, 2909, 2984], 'perfusion': [1669], 'imbalance': [1670], 'supply': [1672], 'demand.': [1674], 'Ischemia': [1675, 3370], 'setting': [1679, 2580], 'often': [1681, 2372, 3316, 3450], 'identified': [1684, 1884, 2343], 'patient’s': [1687], 'history': [1688, 2293], 'ECG.': [1692], 'Possible': [1693], 'ischemic': [1694, 1915, 2250, 2279, 3465], 'symptoms': [1695, 1752, 2277, 2374, 3128], 'include': [1696, 2473, 2499], 'combinations': [1698], 'chest,': [1700], 'upper': [1701, 2699], 'extremity,': [1702], 'jaw,': [1703], 'epigastric': [1705], 'discomfort': [1706, 1713, 1727], 'exertion': [1708], 'at': [1710, 1721, 1897, 1900, 2080, 2190, 2410, 2754, 3008, 3198, 3282, 3421, 3941, 4091], 'rest.': [1711], 'associated': [1714, 2477, 4212], 'acute': [1716, 2131, 2159, 2355, 2582, 2717, 3249, 3320, 3336, 3476, 3481, 3495, 3623, 3670, 3793, 3805, 3866, 4205], 'usually': [1719, 1819, 1943, 2078, 3972], 'lasts': [1720], 'least': [1722, 1901, 2081, 3422, 4092], '20': [1723, 1867], 'min.': [1724], 'Often,': [1725], 'diffuse,': [1729], 'localized,': [1731], 'positional,': [1733], 'affected': [1735], 'movement': [1737], 'region,': [1740], 'accompanied': [1745, 4048], 'dyspnea,': [1747], 'diaphoresis,': [1748], 'nausea,': [1749], 'syncope.These': [1751], 'ischemia': [1758, 2214, 2613, 3322, 3380, 3404, 3477, 3497, 3625, 3672, 3697, 3895, 3908, 4227], 'misdiagnosed': [1762], 'thus': [1764], 'attributed': [1765], 'gastrointestinal,': [1767], 'neurological,': [1768], 'pulmonary,': [1769], 'musculoskeletal': [1771], 'disorders.': [1772], 'atypical': [1778], 'being': [1784], 'detected': [1785], 'only': [1786], 'biomarker': [1789, 2391, 2646], 'elevations,': [1790], 'imaging.PathologyMyocardial': [1793], 'pathology': [1798], 'due': [1803, 2502, 3351], 'prolonged': [1805, 2304], 'ischemia.': [1806, 3807], 'Cell': [1807], 'categorized': [1810], 'pathologically': [1811, 2001, 2194], 'coagulation': [1813], 'contraction': [1815, 2100], 'band': [1816], 'necrosis,': [1817, 2592, 2623], 'evolves': [1820], 'through': [1821], 'oncosis,': [1822], 'lesser': [1828], 'degree': [1829], 'apoptosis.': [1831], 'Careful': [1832], 'histological': [1835], 'sections': [1836], 'experienced': [1839], 'observer': [1840], 'essential': [1842, 2712], 'distinguish': [1844, 2890], 'entities.1After': [1846], 'onset': [1848, 2024, 2156, 2827, 2937, 2950], 'immediate': [1856, 3134], 'takes': [1858, 1876, 2079], 'finite': [1860], 'period': [1861], '(as': [1864], 'little': [1865], 'min': [1868], 'less': [1870, 3535, 3642], 'some': [1872, 2823], 'animal': [1873], 'models).': [1874], 'hours': [1878, 2824], 'before': [1879, 2224, 2321, 2338, 3928], 'macroscopic': [1886, 2088], 'microscopic': [1888, 1947, 2090, 2672], 'post-mortem': [1889], 'examination.': [1890], 'Complete': [1891], 'cells': [1896, 2048], 'risk': [1898], 'requires': [1899], '2–4': [1902], 'h': [1903, 2832, 2846, 2934, 3020, 3054, 3150], 'longer': [1905, 3752], 'depending': [1906], 'presence': [1909, 2014, 2045, 3838, 3864, 3893], 'collateral': [1911, 3293], 'circulation': [1912, 2539], 'zone,': [1916], 'persistent': [1917], 'intermittent': [1919], 'arterial': [1921, 1990, 3291], 'occlusion,': [1922], 'sensitivity': [1924], 'pre-conditioning,': [1930], 'and/or,': [1931], 'finally,': [1932], 'demand': [1934], 'oxygen': [1937], 'nutrients.': [1939], 'infarctions': [1941, 2109], 'classified': [1944, 2112, 2380, 2414, 2438, 3947], 'size:': [1946], '(focal': [1948], 'necrosis),': [1949], 'small': [1950, 4171], '[10%': [1951], 'left': [1954, 4196, 4199], 'ventricular': [1955, 2489, 3790, 4202], '(LV)': [1956], 'myocardium],': [1957], 'moderate': [1958], '(10–30%': [1959], 'LV': [1962, 1969, 3338, 3743], 'myocardium),': [1963, 1970], 'large': [1965, 2103, 3087], '(.30%': [1966], 'location.': [1973], 'identification': [1976], 'made': [1981], 'reference': [1983, 2695, 2700], 'morphological': [1985], 'tree': [1991], 'history.1Myocardial': [1996], 'acute,': [2003], 'healed.': [2006], 'Acute': [2007], 'characterized': [2011], 'polymorphonuclear': [2016, 2039, 2055], 'leukocytes.': [2017], 'If': [2018, 2358], 'interval': [2021], 'quite': [2031], 'brief,': [2032], 'e.g.': [2033, 2506, 2895], '6': [2034], 'h,': [2035], 'minimal': [2036], 'no': [2038, 3751], 'leukocytes': [2040, 2056], 'seen.': [2043], 'mononuclear': [2047], 'fibroblasts,': [2050], 'absence': [2053, 2608, 3357, 3967, 4218], 'characterize': [2057], 'healing': [2058, 2135, 2200], 'Healed': [2060], 'manifested': [2063], 'scar': [2065], 'tissue': [2066, 2661], 'cellular': [2068], 'infiltration.': [2069], 'entire': [2071], 'process': [2072], '5–6': [2082], 'weeks.': [2083], 'Reperfusion': [2084], 'alter': [2086], 'appearance': [2091, 2529], 'necrotic': [2094], 'zone': [2095], 'producing': [2097], 'bands': [2101], 'quantities': [2104], 'extravasated': [2106], 'erythrocytes.': [2107], 'temporally': [2113], 'other': [2117, 2619, 2637, 3332], 'features,': [2118], 'according': [2122], 'appearance,': [2126], 'evolving': [2128, 2176, 3251, 3674], '(,6': [2129], 'h),': [2130], '(6': [2132], 'h–7': [2133], 'days),': [2134, 2137], '(7–28': [2136], '(29': [2140], 'days': [2141, 2947], 'beyond).': [2143], 'emphasized': [2147], 'electrocardiographic': [2152], 'correspond': [2163], 'exactly': [2164], 'timing.': [2168], 'For': [2169, 3189, 4029], 'example,': [2170, 3365, 4030], 'still': [2174, 2183], 'demonstrate': [2175, 3025], 'ST-T': [2177, 3255, 3818, 3844, 3880], 'elevated': [2185, 2601, 2853, 2871, 2892, 2944, 3062], '(implying': [2186], 'infarct)': [2189], 'phase.1Patients': [2201], 'who': [2202], 'suffer': [2203, 3924], 'suggestive': [2212, 4043], 'represent': [2215], 'challenging': [2217], 'group.': [2219, 4056], 'Since': [2220], 'individuals': [2222, 2318, 2331], 'die': [2223, 2320], 'myocardium,': [2231], 'difficult': [2234, 3835, 3889], 'say': [2236], 'certainty': [2238], 'succumbed': [2242], 'led': [2253], 'fatal': [2256, 2385, 3952], 'arrhythmia.': [2257], 'mode': [2259], 'cases': [2264], 'sudden,': [2266], 'etiology': [2269], 'remains': [2270], 'uncertain': [2271], 'unless': [2272], 'reported': [2275], 'heart': [2280, 2509, 2632], 'prior': [2282, 3976, 4045], 'arrest.': [2286], 'Some': [2287, 3914], 'evidence': [2300, 2392, 2400, 2611], 'including': [2303], 'profound': [2306], 'chest': [2307, 3796], 'pain,': [2308], 'diaphoresis': [2309], 'shortness': [2311], 'breath,': [2313], 'collapse.': [2316], 'blood': [2322, 2532, 2562], 'samples': [2323, 2810], 'obtained,': [2328], 'lag': [2336], 'phase': [2337], 'blood.': [2346], 'have': [2350, 2782, 3640, 4100], 'suffered': [2351], 'evolving,': [2353], 'fatal,': [2354], 'presumably': [2363], 'new': [2364, 3921], 'changes,': [2366], 'example': [2368, 2488], 'ST': [2369, 3326, 3395, 3409, 3437, 3455, 3513, 3607, 3629, 3646, 3656, 3689, 3701, 3725, 3782, 3847, 3901, 3918, 3999, 4260], 'elevation,': [2370, 3456], 'they': [2377, 2593, 3177], 'having': [2382, 2416, 3949], 'had': [2383, 3950], 'lacking.': [2396], 'Also,': [2397], 'fresh': [2402], 'thrombus': [2403], 'angiography': [2406], '(if': [2407], 'performed)': [2408], 'autopsy': [2411], 'undergone': [2417], 'infarction.Clinical': [2425], 'Classification': [2426], 'InfarctionClinically': [2429], 'types': [2432], 'shown': [2440, 3957], 'Table': [2442, 2641, 3602, 3959, 4233], '1.': [2443], 'PowerPointOn': [2446], 'occasion,': [2447], 'manifest': [2450], 'than': [2452, 3536, 3643, 3688], 'type': [2454], 'simultaneously': [2458], 'sequentially.': [2460], 'noted': [2465, 3620], 'does': [2471, 2497], 'mechanical': [2479], 'injury': [2480], 'bypass': [2484], 'grafting': [2485], '(CABG),': [2486], 'venting,': [2490], 'manipulation': [2492], 'heart;': [2495], 'nor': [2496], 'miscellaneous': [2504], 'causes,': [2505], 'renal': [2507, 2634, 2899], 'failure,': [2508, 2510, 2633, 2635], 'cardioversion,': [2511], 'electrophysiological': [2512], 'ablation,': [2513], 'sepsis,': [2514], 'myocarditis,': [2515, 2626, 4204], 'toxins,': [2517], 'infiltrative': [2519], 'diseases.Biomarker': [2520], 'EvaluationMyocardial': [2521], 'recognized': [2526], 'proteins': [2535], 'released': [2536], 'into': [2537], 'damaged': [2542], 'myocytes:': [2543], 'myoglobin,': [2544], 'troponin': [2546, 2572, 2605, 2652, 2682, 2815, 2893, 2953, 3111], 'T': [2547], 'I,': [2549, 3578, 4184], 'LDH,': [2551], 'many': [2555], 'others.3': [2556], 'diagnosed': [2560, 3155], 'levels': [2563, 3200], 'such': [2569, 2624, 3334, 3545, 3586, 4064, 4087], 'increased': [2576, 2678, 2971], 'ischemia.1': [2584], 'Although': [2585], 'elevations': [2586, 2904], 'reflect': [2590, 3591, 3737], 'do': [2594, 2780, 3667], 'indicate': [2596, 3804], 'its': [2597], 'mechanism.3,4': [2598], 'Thus,': [2599, 3204], 'value': [2602, 2679, 2872, 2973, 3164, 3192, 3221], 'prompt': [2615], 'search': [2617], 'etiologies': [2620], 'aortic': [2627], 'dissection,': [2628], 'pulmonary': [2629], 'embolism,': [2630, 3809], 'congestive': [2631], 'examples': [2638], 'indicated': [2639], '2.5Download': [2642], 'PowerPointThe': [2644], 'preferred': [2645], '(I': [2653, 3559], 'T),': [2655], 'nearly': [2658], 'absolute': [2659], 'specificity': [2662, 3095, 3980], 'high': [2666], 'sensitivity,': [2668], 'thereby': [2669], 'reflecting': [2670, 3460], 'zones': [2673], 'necrosis.3': [2676], 'An': [2677, 2834, 3041], 'measurement': [2687, 2813, 2978, 3135], 'exceeding': [2688, 3030], '99th': [2690, 2756, 2796, 2981, 3032, 3226], 'percentile': [2691, 2723, 2757, 2797, 2982, 3033, 3227], 'normal': [2694, 4139, 4155], '(URL': [2697], '=': [2698], 'limit).': [2701], 'Detection': [2702, 3229], 'rise': [2705, 3027], 'fall': [2707, 3029], 'measurements': [2710, 2850, 3004, 3059], 'infarction.6': [2719, 2914], 'above-mentioned': [2721], 'discriminatory': [2722], 'decision': [2728, 2875, 2989], 'level': [2729, 2876, 2990], 'must': [2737], 'determined': [2739], 'each': [2741, 2760], 'assay': [2743, 2761], 'appropriate': [2745], 'quality': [2746], 'control.7–9': [2747], 'Optimal': [2748], 'precision': [2749, 2768, 2787], '[coefficient': [2750], 'variation': [2752], '(CV)]': [2753], 'URL': [2758, 3034], '<10%.': [2766], 'Better': [2767], '(CV<10%)': [2769, 2788], 'assays.10,11': [2774], 'use': [2776], 'assays': [2778, 2954, 3197], 'independent': [2783], 'validation': [2784], 'optimal': [2786], 'recommended.': [2791, 3142, 3753], 'values': [2793, 2941, 2998, 3112, 3170], 'found': [2800], 'International': [2803], 'Chemistry': [2807], 'website': [2808], 'http://www.ifcc.org/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=120&func=fileinfo&id=7.Blood': [2809], 'drawn': [2818], 'assessment': [2821, 3014], '(often': [2822], 'after': [2825, 2935], 'symptoms)': [2829], '6–9': [2831, 3019], 'later.12': [2833], 'occasional': [2835, 3042], 'additional': [2840, 3047], 'sample': [2841, 3049, 3145], '12': [2843, 3051], '24': [2845, 3053], 'earlier': [2849, 3057], 'suspicion': [2857, 3066], 'high.12': [2862], 'To': [2863], 'establish': [2864], 'above': [2873, 2979], 'required.': [2878], 'demonstration': [2880], 'rising': [2883], 'falling': [2885], 'pattern': [2886, 2917], 'needed': [2888], 'background': [2891], 'levels,': [2894], 'failure': [2900], '(Table': [2901], '2),': [2902], 'same': [2907, 4017, 4054], 'indicative': [2911], 'absolutely': [2920], 'required': [2921, 3645], 'make': [2923], 'presents': [2932], '>24': [2933], 'symptoms.': [2939], 'Troponin': [2940], 'remain': [2943], '7–14': [2946], 'following': [2948, 3129, 4242], 'infarction.4If': [2952], 'best': [2959], 'alternative': [2960], '(measured': [2963], 'mass': [2965], 'assay).': [2966], 'troponin,': [2969, 3190], 'URL,': [2983], 'infarction.9': [2996], 'Gender-specific': [2997], 'employed.9': [3001], 'recorded': [3007, 3729], 'high.Measurement': [3071], 'total': [3073], 'CK': [3074], 'recommended': [3077], 'because': [3084], 'skeletal': [3088], 'muscle': [3089], 'distribution': [3090, 3289], 'lack': [3093], 'enzyme.ReinfarctionTraditionally,': [3098], 'been': [3101, 4101], 'reinfarction.': [3105, 3203], 'suggest': [3109, 3271], 'similar': [3114], 'information.13': [3115], 'where': [3118], 'suspected': [3123, 3245], 'signs': [3126, 3935], 'initial': [3131, 4244, 4251], 'employed': [3138], 'marker': [3140], 'second': [3144, 3167], 'obtained': [3148], '3–6': [3149], 'later.': [3151], 'Recurrent': [3152], 'there': [3157], '>20%': [3160], 'increase': [3161], 'sample.': [3168], 'Analytical': [3169], '>3': [3181], 'SDs': [3182], 'variance': [3185], 'measures.14': [3188], '5–7%': [3194], 'involved': [3201], '20%': [3206], 'change': [3207], 'significant,': [3211], 'expected': [3215], 'analytical': [3217], 'variability': [3218], 'itself.': [3219], 'exceed': [3224, 3852], 'URL.Electrocardiographic': [3228], 'InfarctionThe': [3232], 'integral': [3236], 'part': [3237, 3740], 'work-up': [3241], 'infarction.1,2,15,16': [3247], 'waveforms': [3256], 'Q-waves': [3259, 3348, 3468, 3680, 3904, 3961, 3991, 4032, 4169, 4173], 'potentially': [3262], 'allow': [3263], 'clinician': [3265], 'date': [3267], 'event,': [3269], 'infarct-related': [3273], 'artery,': [3274], 'estimate': [3277], 'myocardium': [3281], 'risk.': [3283], 'dominance,': [3286], 'size': [3287], 'segments,': [3292], 'vessels,': [3294], 'location,': [3296], 'extent,': [3297], 'severity': [3299], 'stenoses': [3302], 'impact': [3305], 'manifestations': [3307, 3401], 'ischemia.17': [3310], 'itself': [3314], 'insufficient': [3317], 'diagnose': [3319], 'deviation': [3327], 'observed': [3330, 3471, 3527], 'conditions': [3333], 'pericarditis,': [3337], 'hypertrophy,': [3339, 4203], 'LBBB,': [3340, 3922, 4194], 'Brugada': [3341], 'syndrome,': [3342], 'early': [3344, 3428], 'repolarization': [3345], 'patterns.18': [3346], 'fibrosis': [3354], 'in,': [3363], 'cardiomyopathy.ECG': [3366], 'Abnormalities': [3367], 'That': [3371, 4110], 'May': [3372], 'Evolve': [3373], 'InfarctionECG': [3376], 'abnormalities': [3377, 3819, 3845, 3881, 4013, 4223], 'inscribed': [3385], 'PR': [3388], 'segment,': [3389], 'QRS': [3391, 3969, 4143, 4161], 'complex,': [3392], 'segment': [3396, 3410, 3630], 'T-waves.': [3398], 'earliest': [3400], 'typical': [3406], 'T-waves': [3407, 3419, 3459, 3802, 4002, 4051], 'changes.19,20': [3411], 'Increased': [3412, 3439], 'hyper-acute': [3413], 'T-wave': [3414, 3659, 3713], 'amplitude': [3415, 3441, 3666, 4134, 4181], 'prominent': [3417, 3664], 'symmetrical': [3418], 'two': [3423, 3612], 'contiguous': 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'localizing': [3692], 'site': [3694], 'necrosis.25,26': [3699], 'V1-V3': [3705, 3884], 'suggests': [3706], 'terminal': [3712], 'positive': [3715], '(ST': [3716], 'equivalent),': [3718], 'confirmed': [3722], 'concomitant': [3724, 3788], '>0.1': [3727, 4039, 4262], 'mV': [3728, 4040, 4263], 'V7-V9.27,28': [3732], '‘posterior’': [3735], 'basal': [3739], 'lies': [3746], 'diaphragm': [3749], 'preferable': [3756], 'territory': [3761], 'inferobasal.29': [3763], 'advisable': [3772], 'precordial': [3776], '(V3R': [3778], 'V4R)': [3780], 'seeking': [3781], 'infarction.30During': [3791], 'discomfort,': [3797], 'pseudo-normalization': [3798], 'previously': [3800], 'inverted': [3801, 4050], 'Pulmonary': [3808], 'intracranial': [3810], 'processes,': [3811], 'peri-/myocarditis': [3813], '(false': [3824], 'positives)': [3825], 'differential': [3828], 'diagnosis.The': [3829], 'LBBB': [3840], 'marked': [3843], 'standard': [3853], 'criteria.31,32': [3854], 'helpful': [3860], 'setting.': [3871], 'bundle': 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