Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2125428530', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.4_part_2.1269', 'title': 'Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: A complex adaptive systems approach', 'display_name': 'Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: A complex adaptive systems approach', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-01-31', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2125428530', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.4_part_2.1269', 'mag': '2125428530'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.4_part_2.1269', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S207705515', 'display_name': 'Limnology and Oceanography', 'issn_l': '0024-3590', 'issn': ['0024-3590', '1939-5590', '1939-5604'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010673771', 'display_name': 'Jon Norberg', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1861-5030'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161593684', 'display_name': 'Stockholm University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05f0yaq80', 'country_code': 'SE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161593684']}], 'countries': ['SE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jon Norberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161593684']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5010673771'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I161593684'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3200, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3200, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.172, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 269, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999808, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '49', 'issue': '4part2', 'first_page': '1269', 'last_page': '1277'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10005', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies', 'score': 0.9919, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2309', 'display_name': 'Nature and Landscape Conservation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10005', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies', 'score': 0.9919, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2309', 'display_name': 'Nature and Landscape Conservation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11764', 'display_name': 'Evolution and Genetic Dynamics', 'score': 0.99, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11252', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation', 'score': 0.9894, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/trait', 'display_name': 'Trait', 'score': 0.80898035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-change', 'display_name': 'Environmental change', 'score': 0.6165803}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106934330', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873', 'display_name': 'Trait', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.80898035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110872660', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813', 'display_name': 'Ecosystem', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7701489}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130217890', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041', 'display_name': 'Biodiversity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7220214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16989226', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934857', 'display_name': 'Environmental change', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6165803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6063127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206345919', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951', 'display_name': 'Resource (disambiguation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53738827}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204983608', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958', 'display_name': 'Productivity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49955797}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107826830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380', 'display_name': 'Environmental resource management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47297183}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40770528}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31856257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22074479}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16719252}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13768125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31258907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371', 'display_name': 'Computer network', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.4_part_2.1269', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S207705515', 'display_name': 'Limnology and Oceanography', 'issn_l': '0024-3590', 'issn': ['0024-3590', '1939-5590', '1939-5604'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.48, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'display_name': 'Life on land'}, {'score': 0.42, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12', 'display_name': 'Responsible consumption and production'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 33, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1525511955', 'https://openalex.org/W1548868059', 'https://openalex.org/W1983082559', 'https://openalex.org/W1994442418', 'https://openalex.org/W1994507967', 'https://openalex.org/W2000704081', 'https://openalex.org/W2004778468', 'https://openalex.org/W2005324674', 'https://openalex.org/W2016418366', 'https://openalex.org/W2028435430', 'https://openalex.org/W2031277570', 'https://openalex.org/W2049424645', 'https://openalex.org/W2063986917', 'https://openalex.org/W2068662142', 'https://openalex.org/W2069122710', 'https://openalex.org/W2077037772', 'https://openalex.org/W2084002470', 'https://openalex.org/W2095717736', 'https://openalex.org/W2101039749', 'https://openalex.org/W2105827100', 'https://openalex.org/W2144845076', 'https://openalex.org/W2145301284', 'https://openalex.org/W2145673098', 'https://openalex.org/W2146973339', 'https://openalex.org/W2147690605', 'https://openalex.org/W2164830900', 'https://openalex.org/W2171328316', 'https://openalex.org/W2327876184', 'https://openalex.org/W2337434469', 'https://openalex.org/W2480955208', 'https://openalex.org/W3025136633', 'https://openalex.org/W4205920120', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3183918855', 'https://openalex.org/W3004670562', 'https://openalex.org/W2951400099', 'https://openalex.org/W2891008901', 'https://openalex.org/W2775003106', 'https://openalex.org/W2530879475', 'https://openalex.org/W2492570450', 'https://openalex.org/W2060514797', 'https://openalex.org/W1977730095', 'https://openalex.org/W1650613930'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Environmental': [0], 'factors': [1], 'regulate': [2], 'biodiversity': [3, 117], 'through': [4], 'species': [5, 27, 132, 193, 243], 'sorting': [6], 'processes.': [7, 220], 'Species': [8], 'distributions': [9, 64], 'in': [10, 28, 65, 69, 75, 134, 138, 198, 233, 251, 288], 'communities': [11, 66], 'affect': [12], 'ecosystem': [13, 128, 219], 'processes': [14, 79, 91, 268], 'and': [15, 46, 80, 192, 218], 'environmental': [16, 72, 174, 254], 'factors.': [17], 'These': [18], 'dynamics': [19], 'are': [20, 55, 277], 'determined': [21], 'by': [22], 'the': [23, 29, 36, 47, 62, 78, 82, 85, 93, 114, 119, 127, 139, 179, 182, 199, 211, 214, 226, 229, 234, 239, 262, 289], 'properties': [24, 183], '(traits)': [25], 'of': [26, 39, 49, 57, 84, 89, 95, 106, 116, 121, 146, 159, 181, 184, 187, 225, 228, 231, 271, 274], 'community.': [30], 'The': [31, 87, 201], 'optimal': [32], 'temperatures': [33], 'for': [34, 156, 261], 'growth,': [35], 'minimal': [37], 'amount': [38, 48], 'resource': [40], 'that': [41, 124, 143], 'sustains': [42], 'positive': [43], 'mass': [44], 'balance,': [45], 'energy': [50], 'allocated': [51], 'to': [52, 71, 112, 129, 136, 153, 169, 195, 238, 253, 265, 283, 286], 'predator': [53], 'defenses': [54], 'examples': [56], 'such': [58, 90], 'traits.': [59], 'Over': [60], 'time,': [61], 'trait': [63, 142, 202, 216], 'may': [67], 'change': [68, 130], 'response': [70, 135, 180, 252], 'changes,': [73], 'which,': [74], 'turn,': [76], 'changes': [77, 137, 197], 'consequently': [81], 'structure': [83], 'system.': [86], 'result': [88], 'is': [92, 151, 236, 259], 'focus': [94], 'complex': [96], 'adaptive': [97, 257], 'systems': [98], '(CAS)': [99], 'theory.': [100], 'This': [101, 256], 'paper': [102], 'gives': [103], 'an': [104], 'overview': [105], 'how': [107, 282], 'CAS': [108, 290], 'theory': [109], 'can': [110, 166, 247], 'contribute': [111], 'understanding': [113], 'role': [115], 'on': [118], 'ability': [120, 264], 'functional': [122, 245], 'groups': [123, 246], 'make': [125, 170], 'up': [126], 'their': [131], 'compositions': [133], 'environment.': [140, 200], 'Any': [141], 'requires': [144], 'investment': [145], 'energy,': [147], 'mass,': [148], 'or': [149], 'time': [150], 'subjected': [152], 'a': [154, 185, 223], 'tradeoff': [155, 164], 'alternative': [157], 'use': [158, 287], 'this': [160], 'resource.': [161], 'Such': [162], 'interspecies': [163], 'relationships': [165], 'be': [167], 'used': [168], 'predictions': [171, 209], 'about': [172], 'past': [173], 'conditions,': [175], 'as': [176, 178, 279, 281], 'well': [177, 280], 'group': [186], 'species,': [188], 'e.g.,': [189], 'total': [190], 'productivity': [191], 'distributions,': [194, 217], 'future': [196], 'based': [203], 'framework': [204], 'presented': [205], 'here': [206], 'makes': [207], 'explicit': [208], 'regarding': [210], 'relation': [212], 'between': [213], 'environment,': [215], 'Trait': [221], 'variance,': [222], 'measure': [224], 'width': [227], 'distribution': [230], 'traits': [232], 'community,': [235], 'proportional': [237], 'rate': [240], 'at': [241], 'which': [242], 'within': [244], 'replace': [248], 'each': [249], 'other': [250], 'changes.': [255], 'capacity': [258], 'crucial': [260], "ecosystem's": [263], 'maintain': [266], 'certain': [267], 'under': [269], 'times': [270], 'change.': [272], 'Examples': [273], 'empirical': [275], 'tradeoffs': [276], 'given': [278], 'formalize': [284], 'them': [285], 'framework.': [291]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2125428530', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 8}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T03:37:40.129313', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}