Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2124994452', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2229', 'title': 'Guidelines for good database selection and use in pharmacoepidemiology research', 'display_name': 'Guidelines for good database selection and use in pharmacoepidemiology research', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-11-08', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2124994452', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2229', 'mag': '2124994452', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22069180'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2229', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/pds.2229', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140231191', 'display_name': 'Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety', 'issn_l': '1053-8569', 'issn': ['1053-8569', '1099-1557'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/pds.2229', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103214306', 'display_name': 'Gillian C. Hall', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6357-1770'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gillian C. Hall', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Grimsdyke House London UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Grimsdyke House London UK', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079338991', 'display_name': 'Brian C. Sauer', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-3051'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I223532165', 'display_name': 'University of Utah', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03r0ha626', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I223532165']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Brian Sauer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Salt Lake City VA IDEAS Centre & Division of Epidemiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Salt Lake City VA IDEAS Centre & Division of Epidemiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I223532165']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053675470', 'display_name': 'Alison Bourke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0005-9016'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alison Bourke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CSD Medical Research London UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'CSD Medical Research London UK', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060381803', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey S. Brown', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-7189'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210111543', 'display_name': 'Harvard Pilgrim Health Care', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zxdeg39', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111543']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeffrey S. Brown', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210111543', 'https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073572875', 'display_name': 'Matthew W. Reynolds', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7049-7599'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthew W. Reynolds', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['United BioSource Corporation Lexington MA USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United BioSource Corporation Lexington MA USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040649573', 'display_name': 'Robert Lo Casale', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I192545095', 'display_name': 'United States Military Academy', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01jepya76', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I192545095', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert Lo Casale', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Epidemiology Merck & Co. Inc West Point PA USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Epidemiology Merck & Co. Inc West Point PA USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I192545095']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4740, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4740, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 4740, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4740, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 10.829, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 186, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.942586, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '10'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11235', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials', 'score': 0.9972, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11235', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials', 'score': 0.9972, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10375', 'display_name': 'Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3004', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10845', 'display_name': 'Advanced Causal Inference Techniques', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacoepidemiology', 'display_name': 'Pharmacoepidemiology', 'score': 0.8705411}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/data-extraction', 'display_name': 'Data extraction', 'score': 0.61838174}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23276603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158230', 'display_name': 'Pharmacoepidemiology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8705411}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779356329', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625', 'display_name': 'Checklist', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.666508}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6659378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777466982', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227287', 'display_name': 'Data extraction', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61838174}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56666940', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790', 'display_name': 'Documentation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5738496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81917197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760', 'display_name': 'Selection (genetic algorithm)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5234808}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77088390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513', 'display_name': 'Database', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51102865}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160735492', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207', 'display_name': 'Health care', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4541544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34980857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124101348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491', 'display_name': 'Data mining', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3422606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779473830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899', 'display_name': 'MEDLINE', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27760378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.25022495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09682393}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2426938', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478', 'display_name': 'Medical prescription', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D016208', 'descriptor_name': 'Databases, Factual', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015340', 'descriptor_name': 'Epidemiologic Research Design', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017891', 'descriptor_name': 'Pharmacoepidemiology', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016208', 'descriptor_name': 'Databases, Factual', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004282', 'descriptor_name': 'Documentation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017408', 'descriptor_name': 'Guidelines as Topic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017891', 'descriptor_name': 'Pharmacoepidemiology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D054928', 'descriptor_name': 'Validation Studies as Topic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2229', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/pds.2229', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140231191', 'display_name': 'Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety', 'issn_l': '1053-8569', 'issn': ['1053-8569', '1099-1557'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22069180', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2229', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/pds.2229', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S140231191', 'display_name': 'Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety', 'issn_l': '1053-8569', 'issn': ['1053-8569', '1099-1557'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 12, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1963672880', 'https://openalex.org/W2003280556', 'https://openalex.org/W2016513014', 'https://openalex.org/W2023149067', 'https://openalex.org/W2035899311', 'https://openalex.org/W2114350208', 'https://openalex.org/W2125996621', 'https://openalex.org/W2153434255', 'https://openalex.org/W2163589808', 'https://openalex.org/W2400968868', 'https://openalex.org/W2599076725', 'https://openalex.org/W3022423927'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4362687946', 'https://openalex.org/W4234875088', 'https://openalex.org/W2987114614', 'https://openalex.org/W2902805979', 'https://openalex.org/W2808458916', 'https://openalex.org/W2420514274', 'https://openalex.org/W2145923542', 'https://openalex.org/W2013796470', 'https://openalex.org/W1987290620', 'https://openalex.org/W1971633942'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ABSTRACT': [0], 'The': [1, 47], 'use': [2, 60, 95], 'of': [3, 18, 36, 43, 50, 61, 92, 96, 103], 'healthcare': [4, 45], 'databases': [5], 'in': [6, 56, 64], 'research': [7, 23], 'provides': [8], 'advantages': [9], 'such': [10], 'as': [11, 28, 77], 'increased': [12], 'speed,': [13], 'lower': [14], 'costs': [15], 'and': [16, 59, 69, 87, 101, 108, 111, 114], 'limitation': [17], 'some': [19], 'biases.': [20], 'However,': [21], 'database': [22], 'has': [24], 'its': [25], 'own': [26], 'challenges': [27], 'studies': [29], 'must': [30], 'be': [31], 'performed': [32], 'within': [33], 'the': [34, 41, 57, 104], 'limitations': [35, 68], 'resources,': [37, 99], 'which': [38], 'often': [39], 'are': [40], 'product': [42], 'complex': [44], 'systems.': [46], 'primary': [48], 'purpose': [49], 'this': [51], 'document': [52], 'is': [53, 75], 'to': [54], 'assist': [55], 'selection': [58, 91], 'data': [62, 98], 'resources': [63], 'pharmacoepidemiology,': [65], 'highlighting': [66], 'potential': [67], 'recommending': [70], 'tested': [71], 'procedures.': [72], 'This': [73], 'guidance': [74], 'presented': [76], 'a': [78, 82, 93], 'detailed': [79], 'text': [80], 'with': [81], 'checklist': [83], 'for': [84], 'quick': [85], 'reference': [86], 'covers': [88], 'six': [89], 'areas:': [90], 'database,': [94], 'multiple': [97], 'extraction': [100], 'analysis': [102], 'study': [105], 'population,': [106], 'privacy': [107], 'security,': [109], 'quality': [110], 'validation': [112], 'procedures': [113], 'documentation.': [115], 'Copyright': [116], '©': [117], '2011': [118], 'John': [119], 'Wiley': [120], '&': [121], 'Sons,': [122], 'Ltd.': [123]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2124994452', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 16}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T08:17:14.097142', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}