Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2124187240', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'title': 'Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review', 'display_name': 'Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-02-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2124187240', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'mag': '2124187240', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25083263', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4110871'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764500180', 'display_name': 'Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety', 'issn_l': '2042-0986', 'issn': ['2042-0986', '2042-0994'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035799288', 'display_name': 'Konstantinos Farsalinos', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6839-4710'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210117383', 'display_name': 'Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02gan0k07', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210117383']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Konstantinos E. Farsalinos', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Sygrou 356, Kallithea 17674, Greece'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Sygrou 356, Kallithea 17674, Greece', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210117383']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055766018', 'display_name': 'Riccardo Polosa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-5721'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39063666', 'display_name': 'University of Catania', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03a64bh57', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39063666']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Riccardo Polosa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT) and Institute of Internal Medicine, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centro per la Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo (CPCT) and Institute of Internal Medicine, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I39063666']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2200, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2200, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 11.253, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 560, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999201, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '5', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '67', 'last_page': '86'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10060', 'display_name': 'Smoking Cessation and Health Effects of Tobacco', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10060', 'display_name': 'Smoking Cessation and Health Effects of Tobacco', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11818', 'display_name': 'Structure and Function of Nicotinic Receptors', 'score': 0.9586, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-cigarette', 'display_name': 'Electronic cigarette', 'score': 0.634071}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-use', 'display_name': 'Tobacco Use', 'score': 0.554848}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/harm-reduction', 'display_name': 'Harm reduction', 'score': 0.45327982}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.80605775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776970978', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189511', 'display_name': 'Electronic cigarette', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.634071}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62724370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7811505', 'display_name': 'Tobacco harm reduction', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6142141}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777363581', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235', 'display_name': 'Harm', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58991545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55747527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780832096', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005010', 'display_name': 'Tobacco control', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5006082}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C529928208', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458711', 'display_name': 'Harm reduction', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45327982}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43355423}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112930515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547', 'display_name': 'Risk analysis (engineering)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3599831}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3019190695', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330', 'display_name': 'Tobacco use', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.27123964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138816342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603', 'display_name': 'Public health', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.12577292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.10181555}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159110408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176', 'display_name': 'Nursing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08001372}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.076128095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764500180', 'display_name': 'Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety', 'issn_l': '2042-0986', 'issn': ['2042-0986', '2042-0994'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4110871', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4110871?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110871', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25083263', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2042098614524430', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764500180', 'display_name': 'Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety', 'issn_l': '2042-0986', 'issn': ['2042-0986', '2042-0994'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.87}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 104, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1559813904', 'https://openalex.org/W1601272578', 'https://openalex.org/W1707275181', 'https://openalex.org/W1798424328', 'https://openalex.org/W1869016054', 'https://openalex.org/W1966331187', 'https://openalex.org/W1969323201', 'https://openalex.org/W1971671143', 'https://openalex.org/W1974376880', 'https://openalex.org/W1978554283', 'https://openalex.org/W1978775632', 'https://openalex.org/W1979747417', 'https://openalex.org/W1983667908', 'https://openalex.org/W1999183008', 'https://openalex.org/W1999309486', 'https://openalex.org/W2000181213', 'https://openalex.org/W2007178261', 'https://openalex.org/W2007359882', 'https://openalex.org/W2009119212', 'https://openalex.org/W2010137196', 'https://openalex.org/W2013319150', 'https://openalex.org/W2018354187', 'https://openalex.org/W2020907704', 'https://openalex.org/W2021291188', 'https://openalex.org/W2024106803', 'https://openalex.org/W2032302116', 'https://openalex.org/W2033717175', 'https://openalex.org/W2033802786', 'https://openalex.org/W2036423911', 'https://openalex.org/W2044611282', 'https://openalex.org/W2044906090', 'https://openalex.org/W2049114027', 'https://openalex.org/W2049219398', 'https://openalex.org/W2049458358', 'https://openalex.org/W2051910719', 'https://openalex.org/W2052671875', 'https://openalex.org/W2053817875', 'https://openalex.org/W2056553471', 'https://openalex.org/W2056581581', 'https://openalex.org/W2060660305', 'https://openalex.org/W2067266652', 'https://openalex.org/W2069656645', 'https://openalex.org/W2071709576', 'https://openalex.org/W2078381866', 'https://openalex.org/W2082997578', 'https://openalex.org/W2083126647', 'https://openalex.org/W2084635893', 'https://openalex.org/W2085025477', 'https://openalex.org/W2086856791', 'https://openalex.org/W2087646918', 'https://openalex.org/W2089379310', 'https://openalex.org/W2092015052', 'https://openalex.org/W2092908361', 'https://openalex.org/W2100322844', 'https://openalex.org/W2101306218', 'https://openalex.org/W2101575889', 'https://openalex.org/W2101758114', 'https://openalex.org/W2105076674', 'https://openalex.org/W2108479354', 'https://openalex.org/W2109535127', 'https://openalex.org/W2111504432', 'https://openalex.org/W2113515521', 'https://openalex.org/W2114311055', 'https://openalex.org/W2116623625', 'https://openalex.org/W2119071655', 'https://openalex.org/W2120601126', 'https://openalex.org/W2123345166', 'https://openalex.org/W2123408130', 'https://openalex.org/W2128364692', 'https://openalex.org/W2128456085', 'https://openalex.org/W2129502364', 'https://openalex.org/W2129661555', 'https://openalex.org/W2129834677', 'https://openalex.org/W2131266370', 'https://openalex.org/W2131464370', 'https://openalex.org/W2133007934', 'https://openalex.org/W2135504811', 'https://openalex.org/W2138354036', 'https://openalex.org/W2140154855', 'https://openalex.org/W2144836353', 'https://openalex.org/W2145674936', 'https://openalex.org/W2146073951', 'https://openalex.org/W2148783331', 'https://openalex.org/W2150540243', 'https://openalex.org/W2150605714', 'https://openalex.org/W2151032232', 'https://openalex.org/W2151606867', 'https://openalex.org/W2152138667', 'https://openalex.org/W2152192119', 'https://openalex.org/W2153356272', 'https://openalex.org/W2158521667', 'https://openalex.org/W2159546185', 'https://openalex.org/W2163540733', 'https://openalex.org/W2164807134', 'https://openalex.org/W2167123096', 'https://openalex.org/W2167769921', 'https://openalex.org/W2169927552', 'https://openalex.org/W2178385037', 'https://openalex.org/W2181516790', 'https://openalex.org/W2405868477', 'https://openalex.org/W2407582323', 'https://openalex.org/W2507945794', 'https://openalex.org/W2973114040', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4206219537', 'https://openalex.org/W3189717627', 'https://openalex.org/W3019448998', 'https://openalex.org/W2159546185', 'https://openalex.org/W2153930837', 'https://openalex.org/W2152100005', 'https://openalex.org/W2143368153', 'https://openalex.org/W2097163830', 'https://openalex.org/W2079862414', 'https://openalex.org/W2019919322'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Electronic': [0], 'cigarettes': [1, 71, 101], 'are': [2, 11, 72, 85], 'a': [3, 75], 'recent': [4, 29], 'development': [5], 'in': [6, 28, 87], 'tobacco': [7, 63, 92], 'harm': [8], 'reduction.': [9], 'They': [10], 'marketed': [12], 'as': [13, 104, 119, 121], 'less': [14, 76], 'harmful': [15, 77], 'alternatives': [16], 'to': [17, 79, 93, 118], 'smoking.': [18], 'Awareness': [19], 'and': [20, 44, 81, 107, 111, 128], 'use': [21, 117], 'of': [22, 33, 61], 'these': [23], 'devices': [24], 'has': [25], 'grown': [26], 'exponentially': [27], 'years,': [30], 'with': [31, 56], 'millions': [32], 'people': [34], 'currently': [35], 'using': [36], 'them.': [37], 'This': [38], 'systematic': [39], 'review': [40], 'appraises': [41], 'existing': [42], 'laboratory': [43], 'clinical': [45], 'research': [46], 'on': [47], 'the': [48, 57], 'potential': [49], 'risks': [50, 115], 'from': [51, 91, 116], 'electronic': [52, 70, 94, 100], 'cigarette': [53], 'use,': [54], 'compared': [55], 'well-established': [58], 'devastating': [59], 'effects': [60], 'smoking': [62, 80, 105], 'cigarettes.': [64, 95], 'Currently': [65], 'available': [66], 'evidence': [67], 'indicates': [68], 'that': [69], 'by': [73, 123], 'far': [74], 'alternative': [78], 'significant': [82], 'health': [83], 'benefits': [84], 'expected': [86], 'smokers': [88], 'who': [89], 'switch': [90], 'Research': [96], 'will': [97, 108], 'help': [98], 'make': [99], 'more': [102], 'effective': [103], 'substitutes': [106], 'better': [109], 'define': [110], 'further': [112], 'reduce': [113], 'residual': [114], 'low': [120], 'possible,': [122], 'establishing': [124], 'appropriate': [125], 'quality': [126], 'control': [127], 'standards.': [129]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2124187240', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 59}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 70}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 80}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 69}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T05:55:40.695160', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}