Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2124139792', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.036', 'title': 'Virulence factors and their mechanisms of action: the view from a damage–response framework', 'display_name': 'Virulence factors and their mechanisms of action: the view from a damage–response framework', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2124139792', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.036', 'mag': '2124139792', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19717929'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.036', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26443501', 'display_name': 'Journal of Water and Health', 'issn_l': '1477-8920', 'issn': ['1477-8920', '1996-7829'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320510', 'host_organization_name': 'UWA Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320510'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['UWA Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.036', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077902719', 'display_name': 'Arturo Casadevall', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-9167'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I129975664', 'display_name': 'Albert Einstein College of Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cf8a891', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I129975664', 'https://openalex.org/I4210112371']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Arturo Casadevall', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY, 10461, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY, 10461, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I129975664']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016903148', 'display_name': 'Liise‐anne Pirofski', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I129975664', 'display_name': 'Albert Einstein College of Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cf8a891', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I129975664', 'https://openalex.org/I4210112371']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Liise-anne Pirofski', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY, 10461, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx NY, 10461, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I129975664']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.409, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 152, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.801386, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '7', 'issue': 'S1', 'first_page': 'S2', 'last_page': 'S18'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11048', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Evolution of Viruses in Ecosystems', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11048', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Evolution of Viruses in Ecosystems', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10976', 'display_name': 'Gastrointestinal Viral Infections and Vaccines Development', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10147', 'display_name': 'Global Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1313', 'display_name': 'Molecular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/virulence-factor', 'display_name': 'Virulence factor', 'score': 0.7463405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/host-response', 'display_name': 'Host response', 'score': 0.52829504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'score': 0.463523}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60987743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232', 'display_name': 'Virulence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9681425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781090273', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623405', 'display_name': 'Virulence factor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7463405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.63314116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2994443828', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059', 'display_name': 'Host response', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52829504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126831891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673', 'display_name': 'Host (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5037698}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46087816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8891405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059', 'display_name': 'Immune system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.38299996}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24658737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16942465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16157985}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000472', 'qualifier_name': 'pathogenicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018407', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacterial Physiological Phenomena', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018441', 'descriptor_name': 'Biofilms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000254', 'qualifier_name': 'growth & development', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D037521', 'descriptor_name': 'Virulence Factors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014871', 'descriptor_name': 'Water Microbiology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018441', 'descriptor_name': 'Biofilms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D037521', 'descriptor_name': 'Virulence Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.036', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26443501', 'display_name': 'Journal of Water and Health', 'issn_l': '1477-8920', 'issn': ['1477-8920', '1996-7829'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320510', 'host_organization_name': 'UWA Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320510'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['UWA Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19717929', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.036', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26443501', 'display_name': 'Journal of Water and Health', 'issn_l': '1477-8920', 'issn': ['1477-8920', '1996-7829'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320510', 'host_organization_name': 'UWA Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320510'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['UWA Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.73}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 119, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1486105906', 'https://openalex.org/W1488450106', 'https://openalex.org/W1493243104', 'https://openalex.org/W14994121', 'https://openalex.org/W1674929086', 'https://openalex.org/W1678470064', 'https://openalex.org/W1821714266', 'https://openalex.org/W1966981760', 'https://openalex.org/W1973437785', 'https://openalex.org/W1977915321', 'https://openalex.org/W1991762361', 'https://openalex.org/W1996700997', 'https://openalex.org/W2000304849', 'https://openalex.org/W2004093637', 'https://openalex.org/W2005005469', 'https://openalex.org/W2005056854', 'https://openalex.org/W2007501057', 'https://openalex.org/W2009474840', 'https://openalex.org/W2010124203', 'https://openalex.org/W2011225686', 'https://openalex.org/W2012565980', 'https://openalex.org/W2013039381', 'https://openalex.org/W2017722783', 'https://openalex.org/W2031947305', 'https://openalex.org/W2032092088', 'https://openalex.org/W2036002192', 'https://openalex.org/W2038131958', 'https://openalex.org/W2044357040', 'https://openalex.org/W2044796416', 'https://openalex.org/W2046127361', 'https://openalex.org/W2046907854', 'https://openalex.org/W2046980666', 'https://openalex.org/W2047207452', 'https://openalex.org/W2049255819', 'https://openalex.org/W2050895666', 'https://openalex.org/W2059726023', 'https://openalex.org/W2061828721', 'https://openalex.org/W2063609296', 'https://openalex.org/W2066226017', 'https://openalex.org/W2067925408', 'https://openalex.org/W2068091466', 'https://openalex.org/W2071482962', 'https://openalex.org/W2076466820', 'https://openalex.org/W2077986249', 'https://openalex.org/W2078907613', 'https://openalex.org/W2079358450', 'https://openalex.org/W2079849694', 'https://openalex.org/W2080372118', 'https://openalex.org/W2080891986', 'https://openalex.org/W2082345749', 'https://openalex.org/W2082915790', 'https://openalex.org/W2083084316', 'https://openalex.org/W2086286519', 'https://openalex.org/W2088167775', 'https://openalex.org/W2095082570', 'https://openalex.org/W2095963053', 'https://openalex.org/W2096233597', 'https://openalex.org/W2098472248', 'https://openalex.org/W2099198339', 'https://openalex.org/W2099932062', 'https://openalex.org/W2099992860', 'https://openalex.org/W2101113695', 'https://openalex.org/W2101141539', 'https://openalex.org/W2103857406', 'https://openalex.org/W2104464734', 'https://openalex.org/W2104465882', 'https://openalex.org/W2105035061', 'https://openalex.org/W2105872886', 'https://openalex.org/W2105996824', 'https://openalex.org/W2106509498', 'https://openalex.org/W2109383062', 'https://openalex.org/W2110030031', 'https://openalex.org/W2112335996', 'https://openalex.org/W2113061812', 'https://openalex.org/W2114304368', 'https://openalex.org/W2117134676', 'https://openalex.org/W2117759206', 'https://openalex.org/W2121217719', 'https://openalex.org/W2121461293', 'https://openalex.org/W2125780462', 'https://openalex.org/W2127966255', 'https://openalex.org/W2132529367', 'https://openalex.org/W2133985721', 'https://openalex.org/W2137019479', 'https://openalex.org/W2140485581', 'https://openalex.org/W2140616239', 'https://openalex.org/W2140702033', 'https://openalex.org/W2142276846', 'https://openalex.org/W2144217393', 'https://openalex.org/W2145012769', 'https://openalex.org/W2145923257', 'https://openalex.org/W2150822410', 'https://openalex.org/W2151229154', 'https://openalex.org/W2152040152', 'https://openalex.org/W2152093372', 'https://openalex.org/W2153803424', 'https://openalex.org/W2155552160', 'https://openalex.org/W2156343505', 'https://openalex.org/W2161157918', 'https://openalex.org/W2163800706', 'https://openalex.org/W2163811015', 'https://openalex.org/W2163970869', 'https://openalex.org/W2169446204', 'https://openalex.org/W2170107782', 'https://openalex.org/W2171050239', 'https://openalex.org/W2171203171', 'https://openalex.org/W2321305806', 'https://openalex.org/W232681244', 'https://openalex.org/W2334476193', 'https://openalex.org/W4229857880', 'https://openalex.org/W4230979337', 'https://openalex.org/W4236851451', 'https://openalex.org/W4239063540', 'https://openalex.org/W4245672969', 'https://openalex.org/W4247777507', 'https://openalex.org/W4252771679', 'https://openalex.org/W4254280253', 'https://openalex.org/W4254516178', 'https://openalex.org/W4387636141'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4248881322', 'https://openalex.org/W3164076590', 'https://openalex.org/W3141517888', 'https://openalex.org/W3013366321', 'https://openalex.org/W2855659600', 'https://openalex.org/W2409010131', 'https://openalex.org/W2150756688', 'https://openalex.org/W2110338827', 'https://openalex.org/W2084807013', 'https://openalex.org/W2008173201'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'virulence': [1, 28, 42, 65, 90, 92], 'factor': [2, 43], 'concept': [3, 107], 'has': [4], 'been': [5], 'a': [6, 50, 54, 68], 'powerful': [7], 'engine': [8], 'in': [9, 16, 85, 94], 'driving': [10], 'research': [11], 'and': [12, 22, 91, 100, 124], 'the': [13, 17, 31, 34, 57, 86, 95, 101], 'intellectual': [14], 'flow': [15], 'fields': [18], 'of': [19, 33, 37, 97, 115], 'microbial': [20, 38, 45], 'pathogenesis': [21], 'infectious': [23], 'diseases.': [24], 'This': [25], 'review': [26], 'analyzes': [27], 'factors': [29, 66, 93, 99], 'from': [30], 'viewpoint': [32], 'damage–response': [35], 'framework': [36], 'pathogenesis,': [39], 'which': [40, 82], 'defines': [41], 'as': [44], 'components': [46], 'that': [47, 59], 'can': [48], 'damage': [49], 'susceptible': [51], 'host.': [52], 'At': [53], 'practical': [55], 'level,': [56], 'finding': [58], 'effective': [60], 'immune': [61], 'responses': [62], 'often': [63], 'target': [64], 'provides': [67], 'roadmap': [69], 'for': [70, 112, 122], 'future': [71], 'vaccine': [72], 'design.': [73], 'However,': [74], 'there': [75], 'are': [76, 83], 'significant': [77], 'limitations': [78], 'to': [79, 88, 109], 'this': [80, 106], 'concept,': [81], 'rooted': [84], 'inability': [87], 'define': [89], 'absence': [96], 'host': [98, 102], 'response.': [103], 'In': [104], 'fact,': [105], 'appears': [108], 'work': [110], 'best': [111], 'certain': [113], 'types': [114], 'bacterial': [116], 'pathogens,': [117], 'being': [118], 'less': [119], 'well': [120], 'suited': [121], 'viruses': [123], 'commensal': [125], 'organisms': [126], 'with': [127], 'pathogenic': [128], 'potential.': [129]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2124139792', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T05:55:31.812322', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}