Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2122770430', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409714551013', 'title': 'Computational fluid dynamics simulation of rail vehicles in crosswind: Application in norms and standards', 'display_name': 'Computational fluid dynamics simulation of rail vehicles in crosswind: Application in norms and standards', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-07-31', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2122770430', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409714551013', 'mag': '2122770430'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409714551013', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S97582030', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit', 'issn_l': '0954-4097', 'issn': ['0954-4097', '2041-3017'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086829695', 'display_name': 'Mikael Sima', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I910623958', 'display_name': 'Bombardier (Canada)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03fbkqs26', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I910623958']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mikael Sima', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['1Centre of Competence in Aero and Thermodynamics, Bombardier Transportation, Sweden'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '1Centre of Competence in Aero and Thermodynamics, Bombardier Transportation, Sweden', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I910623958']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055228241', 'display_name': 'Sándor Eichinger', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sandor Eichinger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['2qpunkt GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '2qpunkt GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028986532', 'display_name': 'Ander Blanco', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ander Blanco', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['3Technology Management, Aerodynamics, CAF, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '3Technology Management, Aerodynamics, CAF, Spain', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103989857', 'display_name': 'Irfan Ali', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1325886976', 'display_name': 'Siemens (Germany)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/059mq0909', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1325886976']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Irfan Ali', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['4Rail Systems, Mechanical Systems Engineering, Aerodynamics, Siemens AG, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '4Rail Systems, Mechanical Systems Engineering, Aerodynamics, Siemens AG, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1325886976']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.144, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 19, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.895719, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '229', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '635', 'last_page': '643'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12081', 'display_name': 'Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12081', 'display_name': 'Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11371', 'display_name': 'Wind and Air Flow Studies', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11254', 'display_name': 'Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crosswind', 'display_name': 'Crosswind', 'score': 0.9457629}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/detached-eddy-simulation', 'display_name': 'Detached-Eddy Simulation', 'score': 0.46514404}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95082708', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931037', 'display_name': 'Crosswind', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9457629}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1633027', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820', 'display_name': 'Computational fluid dynamics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.91233695}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32526432', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536235', 'display_name': 'Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8329141}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13393347', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424', 'display_name': 'Aerodynamics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7501449}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190839683', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197', 'display_name': 'Train', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6416125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100086909', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193010', 'display_name': 'Wind tunnel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60750353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58306426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196558001', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132', 'display_name': 'Turbulence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4997847}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121129557', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201072', 'display_name': 'Detached eddy simulation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.46514404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146978453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668', 'display_name': 'Aerospace engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45101574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199104240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291', 'display_name': 'Marine engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4413217}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41908786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.380317}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44154836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045', 'display_name': 'Simulation', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3280428}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1754115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09961513}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07852116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58640448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515', 'display_name': 'Cartography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409714551013', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S97582030', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit', 'issn_l': '0954-4097', 'issn': ['0954-4097', '2041-3017'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.88, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 3, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2153051745', 'https://openalex.org/W2166236450', 'https://openalex.org/W607666092'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W86700489', 'https://openalex.org/W645409324', 'https://openalex.org/W3141108207', 'https://openalex.org/W2894124464', 'https://openalex.org/W2889970833', 'https://openalex.org/W2755796701', 'https://openalex.org/W2370801916', 'https://openalex.org/W2029938189', 'https://openalex.org/W2020012278', 'https://openalex.org/W2017015522'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 31, 85, 140, 156, 191, 213], 'application': [1, 69], 'of': [2, 10, 19, 27, 42, 79, 97, 124, 129, 143, 162, 171, 205, 230, 261, 275], 'computational': [3, 58], 'fluid': [4], 'dynamics': [5], '(CFD)': [6], 'to': [7, 63, 70, 75, 93, 101, 134, 168, 184, 250, 273], 'the': [8, 17, 28, 40, 95, 114, 118, 122, 135, 144, 160, 175, 202, 228, 235, 259, 262, 276], 'determination': [9], 'aerodynamic': [11, 182, 203], 'coefficients': [12, 183], 'for': [13, 39, 104, 121, 164, 216], 'crosswind': [14, 130], 'stability': [15, 131], 'in': [16, 34, 73, 126, 132, 148, 152, 254], 'context': [18], 'vehicle': [20, 106, 127, 165], 'assessment': [21, 128], 'has': [22], 'been': [23], 'studied': [24], 'as': [25, 247], 'part': [26], 'AeroTRAIN': [29], 'project.': [30], 'work': [32], 'consisted': [33], 'establishing': [35], 'best': [36], 'practice': [37], 'guidelines': [38, 145, 238], 'use': [41, 123, 161], 'standard': [43, 98, 158], 'Reynolds-averaged': [44], 'Navier–Stokes': [45], '(RANS)': [46], 'approaches': [47, 100], 'using': [48, 187], 'a': [49, 64, 77, 149, 169, 196, 209, 231, 267], 'streamlined': [50, 206], 'and': [51, 60, 67, 82, 108, 117, 219], 'less-streamlined': [52], 'vehicle,': [53, 66], 'project': [54], 'partners': [55], 'applying': [56], 'different': [57, 80], 'codes': [59], 'turbulence': [61], 'models': [62], 'common': [65], 'then': [68], 'further': [71, 222], 'vehicles': [72, 81], 'order': [74], 'cover': [76], 'range': [78], 'yaw': [83, 109], 'angles.': [84, 110], 'simulations': [86], 'were': [87], 'complimented': [88], 'with': [89, 208, 234, 270], 'wind': [90, 188, 251], 'tunnel': [91, 189, 252], 'measurements': [92], 'allow': [94], 'accuracy': [96, 260], 'RANS': [99, 198], 'be': [102, 185, 221, 245], 'judged': [103], 'various': [105], 'shapes': [107], 'This': [111], 'paper': [112, 151], 'summarises': [113], 'overall': [115], 'results': [116, 193], 'recommendations': [119], 'made': [120], 'CFD': [125, 163, 199, 243], 'relation': [133], 'EN': [136], '14067-6:': [137], '2010': [138], 'standard.': [139], 'main': [141], 'aspects': [142], 'are': [146], 'reported': [147], 'separate': [150], 'this': [153], 'special': [154], 'issue.': [155], 'considered': [157, 241], 'allows': [159, 181], 'speeds': [166], 'up': [167], 'maximum': [170], '200': [172], 'km/h': [173], 'whereas': [174], 'HS': [176], 'RST': [177], 'TSI': [178], '(2008)': [179], 'only': [180], 'determined': [186], 'measurements.': [190], 'obtained': [192], 'show': [194], 'that': [195, 242, 258], 'well-performed': [197], 'can': [200, 244], 'predict': [201], 'coefficient': [204], 'trains': [207, 218], 'relatively': [210], 'high': [211], 'accuracy.': [212], 'challenges': [214], 'increase': [215], 'blunter-shaped': [217], 'may': [220], 'influenced': [223], 'by': [224], 'equipment': [225], 'installed': [226], 'on': [227, 266], 'roof': [229], 'train.': [232, 278], 'Combined': [233], 'developed': [236], 'simulation': [237], 'it': [239], 'is': [240, 264], 'used': [246], 'an': [248], 'alternative': [249], 'tests': [253], 'all': [255], 'cases': [256], 'provided': [257], 'approach': [263], 'validated': [265], 'benchmark': [268], 'train': [269], 'similar': [271], 'features': [272], 'those': [274], 'simulated': [277]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2122770430', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T11:04:59.720692', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}