Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2121697314', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1162/016228801753212868', 'title': 'How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict', 'display_name': 'How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict', 'publication_year': 2001, 'publication_date': '2001-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2121697314', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1162/016228801753212868', 'mag': '2121697314'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1162/016228801753212868', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S99767407', 'display_name': 'International Security', 'issn_l': '0162-2889', 'issn': ['0162-2889', '1531-4804'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315718', 'host_organization_name': 'The MIT Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315718'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The MIT Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072633431', 'display_name': 'Ivan Arreguín-Toft', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802421775', 'display_name': 'John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02f7sfa33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802421775']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ivan Arreguín-Toft', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Postdoctoral fellow in the International Security Program at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government."], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Postdoctoral fellow in the International Security Program at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government.", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802421775']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5072633431'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802421775'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 33.551, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 681, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.989637, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '26', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '93', 'last_page': '128'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10070', 'display_name': 'Political Conflict and Governance', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10070', 'display_name': 'Political Conflict and Governance', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10053', 'display_name': 'International Relations and Foreign Policy', 'score': 0.9933, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12752', 'display_name': 'Global Peace and Security Dynamics', 'score': 0.9799, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/icon', 'display_name': 'Icon', 'score': 0.6329436}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/download', 'display_name': 'Download', 'score': 0.5181119}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778805511', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713', 'display_name': 'Citation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6728953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778447006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474', 'display_name': 'Icon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6329436}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780154274', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717', 'display_name': 'Download', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5181119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.50690657}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778137410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820', 'display_name': 'Government (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44886434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34355311', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542', 'display_name': 'International relations', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44830883}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42927235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3149044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3011651}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22016898}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.21300286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1162/016228801753212868', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S99767407', 'display_name': 'International Security', 'issn_l': '0162-2889', 'issn': ['0162-2889', '1531-4804'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315718', 'host_organization_name': 'The MIT Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315718'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The MIT Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17', 'score': 0.45}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 143, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1488947417', 'https://openalex.org/W1496096462', 'https://openalex.org/W1500587868', 'https://openalex.org/W1503035967', 'https://openalex.org/W1507675536', 'https://openalex.org/W154680843', 'https://openalex.org/W1549742042', 'https://openalex.org/W1551003575', 'https://openalex.org/W1556470871', 'https://openalex.org/W1560429793', 'https://openalex.org/W1565343713', 'https://openalex.org/W1566561834', 'https://openalex.org/W1567260533', 'https://openalex.org/W1570462231', 'https://openalex.org/W1577731395', 'https://openalex.org/W1580249070', 'https://openalex.org/W1581843737', 'https://openalex.org/W1608442735', 'https://openalex.org/W172937121', 'https://openalex.org/W1967972604', 'https://openalex.org/W1973938868', 'https://openalex.org/W1975699530', 'https://openalex.org/W1977221960', 'https://openalex.org/W1982749266', 'https://openalex.org/W1986786530', 'https://openalex.org/W1987997643', 'https://openalex.org/W1988228605', 'https://openalex.org/W1988236177', 'https://openalex.org/W1990615548', 'https://openalex.org/W1993306624', 'https://openalex.org/W1994259630', 'https://openalex.org/W1996351431', 'https://openalex.org/W2000111137', 'https://openalex.org/W2001135518', 'https://openalex.org/W2004417744', 'https://openalex.org/W2004482626', 'https://openalex.org/W2004919537', 'https://openalex.org/W2006667117', 'https://openalex.org/W2008337535', 'https://openalex.org/W2008740117', 'https://openalex.org/W2009879474', 'https://openalex.org/W2011575087', 'https://openalex.org/W2012877457', 'https://openalex.org/W2012983652', 'https://openalex.org/W2014652469', 'https://openalex.org/W2016788527', 'https://openalex.org/W2018908678', 'https://openalex.org/W2026255272', 'https://openalex.org/W2026997237', 'https://openalex.org/W2029735789', 'https://openalex.org/W2033435827', 'https://openalex.org/W2033605694', 'https://openalex.org/W2038501857', 'https://openalex.org/W2047446469', 'https://openalex.org/W2049989564', 'https://openalex.org/W2050142193', 'https://openalex.org/W2053201324', 'https://openalex.org/W2053614238', 'https://openalex.org/W2054884705', 'https://openalex.org/W2055466567', 'https://openalex.org/W2056256251', 'https://openalex.org/W2059400645', 'https://openalex.org/W2059791775', 'https://openalex.org/W2060886834', 'https://openalex.org/W2061174652', 'https://openalex.org/W2064279229', 'https://openalex.org/W2066641009', 'https://openalex.org/W2068694121', 'https://openalex.org/W2070782042', 'https://openalex.org/W2082070322', 'https://openalex.org/W2087312889', 'https://openalex.org/W2087954502', 'https://openalex.org/W2089486804', 'https://openalex.org/W2091830060', 'https://openalex.org/W2094071129', 'https://openalex.org/W2094837829', 'https://openalex.org/W2097517100', 'https://openalex.org/W2099399116', 'https://openalex.org/W2100453662', 'https://openalex.org/W2105148729', 'https://openalex.org/W2107842858', 'https://openalex.org/W2117039531', 'https://openalex.org/W2119997724', 'https://openalex.org/W2121393013', 'https://openalex.org/W2129960861', 'https://openalex.org/W2134771325', 'https://openalex.org/W2137478289', 'https://openalex.org/W2143262197', 'https://openalex.org/W2145920655', 'https://openalex.org/W2146884126', 'https://openalex.org/W2148084882', 'https://openalex.org/W2148598294', 'https://openalex.org/W2166735555', 'https://openalex.org/W2169970299', 'https://openalex.org/W2170056091', 'https://openalex.org/W2250886915', 'https://openalex.org/W2301794039', 'https://openalex.org/W2312454225', 'https://openalex.org/W2314676925', 'https://openalex.org/W2320119495', 'https://openalex.org/W2321145901', 'https://openalex.org/W2322676910', 'https://openalex.org/W2324057683', 'https://openalex.org/W2406141040', 'https://openalex.org/W2413585342', 'https://openalex.org/W2472811955', 'https://openalex.org/W2496413804', 'https://openalex.org/W2506014274', 'https://openalex.org/W2764997044', 'https://openalex.org/W2797044134', 'https://openalex.org/W2798809744', 'https://openalex.org/W2910042163', 'https://openalex.org/W2999774645', 'https://openalex.org/W3116334254', 'https://openalex.org/W3126750474', 'https://openalex.org/W3209379645', 'https://openalex.org/W34671666', 'https://openalex.org/W383068882', 'https://openalex.org/W4239611489', 'https://openalex.org/W4244200390', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W564667547', 'https://openalex.org/W565567415', 'https://openalex.org/W566542321', 'https://openalex.org/W571003968', 'https://openalex.org/W574377242', 'https://openalex.org/W589932811', 'https://openalex.org/W590714071', 'https://openalex.org/W595767431', 'https://openalex.org/W596781047', 'https://openalex.org/W599071088', 'https://openalex.org/W602198016', 'https://openalex.org/W604229782', 'https://openalex.org/W604619329', 'https://openalex.org/W617078378', 'https://openalex.org/W621232228', 'https://openalex.org/W640947713', 'https://openalex.org/W642431534', 'https://openalex.org/W644191061', 'https://openalex.org/W644791256', 'https://openalex.org/W651067926', 'https://openalex.org/W656846588', 'https://openalex.org/W658477134'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4360922125', 'https://openalex.org/W4283720006', 'https://openalex.org/W4207071872', 'https://openalex.org/W3175319091', 'https://openalex.org/W2981902742', 'https://openalex.org/W220677501', 'https://openalex.org/W2175435306', 'https://openalex.org/W2076882245', 'https://openalex.org/W2056060060', 'https://openalex.org/W1504514227'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'July': [0], '01': [1], '2001': [2, 92, 206], 'How': [3, 142], 'the': [4, 20, 25, 63, 68, 100, 143, 214], 'Weak': [5, 144], 'Win': [6, 145], 'Wars:': [7, 146], 'A': [8, 147], 'Theory': [9, 148], 'of': [10, 40, 83, 96, 103, 149, 210, 217], 'Asymmetric': [11, 150], 'Conflict': [12], 'Ivan': [13, 15, 58, 140], 'Arreguín-Toft': [14, 16, 59], 'Postdoctoral': [17, 60], 'fellow': [18, 61], 'in': [19, 62], 'International': [21, 31, 64, 74, 105, 152], 'Security': [22, 65, 106, 153, 193], 'Program': [23, 66], 'at': [24, 33, 67, 76], 'Belfer': [26, 69], 'Center': [27, 70], 'for': [28, 43, 71], 'Science': [29, 72], 'and': [30, 55, 73, 94, 99, 208, 213], 'Affairs': [32, 75], 'Harvard': [34, 77, 97, 211], "University's": [35, 78], 'John': [36, 79], 'F.': [37, 80], 'Kennedy': [38, 81], 'School': [39, 82], 'Government.': [41, 84], 'Search': [42, 137, 176, 183, 194, 196], 'other': [44], 'works': [45], 'by': [46], 'this': [47, 233], 'author': [48], 'on:': [49], 'This': [50, 197], 'Site': [51, 138], 'Google': [52], 'Scholar': [53], 'Author': [54], 'Article': [56, 126, 219], 'Information': [57], 'Online': [85], 'ISSN:': [86, 89], '1531-4804': [87], 'Print': [88], '0162-2889': [90], '©': [91, 205], 'President': [93, 207], 'Fellows': [95, 209], 'College': [98, 212], 'Massachusetts': [101, 215], 'Institute': [102, 216], 'Technology2001': [104, 218], '(2001)': [107], '26': [108, 155], '(1):': [109, 156], '93–128.': [110, 157], 'https://doi.org/10.1162/016228801753212868': [111, 159], 'Cite': [112, 114], 'Icon': [113, 117, 124], 'Permissions': [115], 'Share': [116, 118], 'Facebook': [119], 'Twitter': [120], 'LinkedIn': [121], 'Email': [122], 'Views': [123, 125], 'contents': [127], 'Figures': [128], '&': [129], 'tables': [130], 'Video': [131], 'Audio': [132], 'Supplementary': [133], 'Data': [134], 'Peer': [135], 'Review': [136], 'Citation': [139], 'Arreguín-Toft;': [141], 'Conflict.': [151], '2001;': [154], 'doi:': [158], 'Download': [160], 'citation': [161], 'file:': [162], 'Ris': [163], '(Zotero)': [164], 'Reference': [165], 'Manager': [166], 'EasyBib': [167], 'Bookends': [168], 'Mendeley': [169], 'Papers': [170], 'EndNote': [171], 'RefWorks': [172], 'BibTex': [173], 'toolbar': [174, 179], 'search': [175, 180, 181, 189], 'Dropdown': [177], 'Menu': [178], 'input': [182, 184], 'auto': [185], 'suggest': [186], 'filter': [187], 'your': [188], 'All': [190], 'ContentAll': [191], 'JournalsInternational': [192], 'Advanced': [195], 'content': [198], 'is': [199], 'only': [200], 'available': [201], 'as': [202], 'a': [203], 'PDF.': [204], 'PDF': [220], 'first': [221], 'page': [222], 'preview': [223], 'Close': [224], 'Modal': [225], 'You': [226], 'do': [227], 'not': [228], 'currently': [229], 'have': [230], 'access': [231], 'to': [232], 'content.': [234]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2121697314', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 56}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 45}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 45}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 45}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 47}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 25}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-03T23:54:43.700002', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}