HIV infection and injecting drug users — needle exchange schemes

Name: HIV infection and injecting drug users — needle exchange schemes
Uploaded: 1990-03-01
Description: EXPERIENCE so far with needle-exchange schemes demonstrates no negative effects and, while conclu sive evidence is still awaited, their existence is likely at least to keep the spread of HIV infection within present limits among intravenous drug users. It is argued that needle-exchange should be regarded as one of a range of services designed to minimise the harm related to injecting drug use.
Graham Hart
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2119948019', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/001789699004900109', 'title': 'HIV infection and injecting drug users — needle exchange schemes', 'display_name': 'HIV infection and injecting drug users — needle exchange schemes', 'publication_year': 1990, 'publication_date': '1990-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2119948019', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/001789699004900109', 'mag': '2119948019'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/001789699004900109', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96613078', 'display_name': 'Health Education Journal', 'issn_l': '0017-8969', 'issn': ['0017-8969', '1748-8176'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089550449', 'display_name': 'Graham Hart', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-6577'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'display_name': 'University College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jx3x895', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Graham J. Hart', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Academic Department of Genito Urinary Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, University College, London'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Academic Department of Genito Urinary Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, University College, London', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5089550449'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 2, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.544235, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 62, 'max': 66}, 'biblio': {'volume': '49', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '24', 'last_page': '26'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10151', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C Infection and Treatment', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2721', 'display_name': 'Hepatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10151', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C Infection and Treatment', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2721', 'display_name': 'Hepatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11860', 'display_name': 'Global Epidemiology of HIV and Drug Use', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11660', 'display_name': 'Diseases Related to Blood Group Variants', 'score': 0.994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2720', 'display_name': 'Hematology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/needle-exchange-programs', 'display_name': 'needle exchange programs', 'score': 0.632855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/intravenous-drug', 'display_name': 'Intravenous drug', 'score': 0.54306304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-drug-users', 'display_name': 'injection drug users', 'score': 0.525105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv', 'display_name': 'HIV', 'score': 0.509417}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-use', 'display_name': 'drug use', 'score': 0.509046}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777363581', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235', 'display_name': 'Harm', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7860191}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3013748606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787', 'display_name': 'Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69960606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780035454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386', 'display_name': 'Drug', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68846166}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3019645122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369403', 'display_name': 'Intravenous drug', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.54306304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.53543484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177713679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690', 'display_name': 'Intensive care medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46527928}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42852765}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108827166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975', 'display_name': 'Internet privacy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39630795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C545542383', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242', 'display_name': 'Medical emergency', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3702977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32315898}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26389885}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21494234}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19561705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17922413}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10487488}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780727368', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978', 'display_name': 'Viral disease', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.09438577}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/001789699004900109', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96613078', 'display_name': 'Health Education Journal', 'issn_l': '0017-8969', 'issn': ['0017-8969', '1748-8176'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.85, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 17, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1971283545', 'https://openalex.org/W1984164112', 'https://openalex.org/W1986411518', 'https://openalex.org/W2003266511', 'https://openalex.org/W2021200119', 'https://openalex.org/W2024425541', 'https://openalex.org/W2039263573', 'https://openalex.org/W2078880691', 'https://openalex.org/W2080843635', 'https://openalex.org/W2087252539', 'https://openalex.org/W2092879735', 'https://openalex.org/W2093527155', 'https://openalex.org/W2095374564', 'https://openalex.org/W2113972729', 'https://openalex.org/W4243807772', 'https://openalex.org/W4245122823', 'https://openalex.org/W4294570499'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4283162910', 'https://openalex.org/W3209501579', 'https://openalex.org/W3203175338', 'https://openalex.org/W3098671179', 'https://openalex.org/W2969547062', 'https://openalex.org/W2497114785', 'https://openalex.org/W2356901839', 'https://openalex.org/W2188166763', 'https://openalex.org/W2078633286', 'https://openalex.org/W2045370752'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'EXPERIENCE': [0], 'so': [1], 'far': [2], 'with': [3], 'needle-exchange': [4, 42], 'schemes': [5], 'demonstrates': [6], 'no': [7], 'negative': [8], 'effects': [9], 'and,': [10], 'while': [11], 'conclu': [12], 'sive': [13], 'evidence': [14], 'is': [15, 20, 39], 'still': [16], 'awaited,': [17], 'their': [18], 'existence': [19], 'likely': [21], 'at': [22], 'least': [23], 'to': [24, 54, 59], 'keep': [25], 'the': [26, 56], 'spread': [27], 'of': [28, 48, 51], 'HIV': [29], 'infection': [30], 'within': [31], 'present': [32], 'limits': [33], 'among': [34], 'intravenous': [35], 'drug': [36, 61], 'users.': [37], 'It': [38], 'argued': [40], 'that': [41], 'should': [43], 'be': [44], 'regarded': [45], 'as': [46], 'one': [47], 'a': [49], 'range': [50], 'services': [52], 'designed': [53], 'minimise': [55], 'harm': [57], 'related': [58], 'injecting': [60], 'use.': [62]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119948019', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-09-25T06:57:29.270882', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
Publication Information

Video

Basic Information

Access and Citation

AI Researcher Chatbot

Primary Location

Authors

Topics

Keywords

Related Works
