Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2119809683', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2009.2015450', 'title': 'Monte Carlo Simulation of Surface-Charging Phenomena on Insulators Prior to Flashover in Vacuum', 'display_name': 'Monte Carlo Simulation of Surface-Charging Phenomena on Insulators Prior to Flashover in Vacuum', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-04-03', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2119809683', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2009.2015450', 'mag': '2119809683'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2009.2015450', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S164692974', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science', 'issn_l': '0093-3813', 'issn': ['0093-3813', '1939-9375'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://w3.pppl.gov/%7Efisch/fischpapers/2009/Zhang.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100831015', 'display_name': 'Kai-Kun Yu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I87445476', 'display_name': "Xi'an Jiaotong University", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zhmm22', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I87445476']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Kai-Kun Yu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I87445476']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088543620', 'display_name': 'Guanjun Zhang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1859-0443'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I87445476', 'display_name': "Xi'an Jiaotong University", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zhmm22', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I87445476']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153473198', 'display_name': 'North China Electric Power University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04qr5t414', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153473198']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Guan-Jun Zhang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage and EMC, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China', "State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I87445476']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Beijing Key Laboratory of High Voltage and EMC, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153473198']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101989840', 'display_name': 'Nan Zheng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-3051'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I87445476', 'display_name': "Xi'an Jiaotong University", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zhmm22', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I87445476']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Nan Zheng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I87445476']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072238613', 'display_name': 'Yevgeny Raitses', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-9963'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799567181', 'display_name': 'Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vn1ts68', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'https://openalex.org/I2799567181', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Y. Raitses', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799567181', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035402935', 'display_name': 'N. J. Fisch', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-7380'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2799567181', 'display_name': 'Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vn1ts68', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330989302', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'https://openalex.org/I2799567181', 'https://openalex.org/I39565521']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'N.J. Fisch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2799567181', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 12, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.502226, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 85, 'max': 86}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '698', 'last_page': '704'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10511', 'display_name': 'High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10511', 'display_name': 'High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10781', 'display_name': 'Plasma Diagnostics and Applications', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11343', 'display_name': 'Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-flash', 'display_name': 'Arc flash', 'score': 0.8111764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-charge', 'display_name': 'Surface charge', 'score': 0.64213204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-emission', 'display_name': 'Secondary emission', 'score': 0.5465115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-density', 'display_name': 'Charge density', 'score': 0.5334981}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200769187', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360656', 'display_name': 'Arc flash', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8111764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C212702', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178150', 'display_name': 'Insulator (electricity)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7739229}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49110097', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233', 'display_name': 'Cathode', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72885156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19499675', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207', 'display_name': 'Monte Carlo method', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65548116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780358262', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540423', 'display_name': 'Surface charge', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64213204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6318377}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124961601', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518149', 'display_name': 'Conical surface', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6130633}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165801399', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428', 'display_name': 'Voltage', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5558579}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60799052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221', 'display_name': 'Electric field', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55421835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13892213', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905140', 'display_name': 'Secondary emission', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5465115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150708132', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744771', 'display_name': 'Charge density', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5334981}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184779094', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383', 'display_name': 'Atomic physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38367558}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147120987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225', 'display_name': 'Electron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.33288854}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30501258}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26740015}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.25109673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.082677394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.061220706}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2009.2015450', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S164692974', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science', 'issn_l': '0093-3813', 'issn': ['0093-3813', '1939-9375'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.715.3298', 'pdf_url': 'http://w3.pppl.gov/%7Efisch/fischpapers/2009/Zhang.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.715.3298', 'pdf_url': 'http://w3.pppl.gov/%7Efisch/fischpapers/2009/Zhang.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 25, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1967089256', 'https://openalex.org/W1981861451', 'https://openalex.org/W1987335055', 'https://openalex.org/W1988347206', 'https://openalex.org/W1991888824', 'https://openalex.org/W1999642846', 'https://openalex.org/W2007007586', 'https://openalex.org/W2011869913', 'https://openalex.org/W2014003400', 'https://openalex.org/W2015467043', 'https://openalex.org/W2017007572', 'https://openalex.org/W2035397569', 'https://openalex.org/W2041585034', 'https://openalex.org/W2048603075', 'https://openalex.org/W2060687375', 'https://openalex.org/W2072014840', 'https://openalex.org/W2075764589', 'https://openalex.org/W2098175635', 'https://openalex.org/W2110127813', 'https://openalex.org/W2121881856', 'https://openalex.org/W2139374416', 'https://openalex.org/W2143055578', 'https://openalex.org/W2150824556', 'https://openalex.org/W2161845585', 'https://openalex.org/W2166743349'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4229506244', 'https://openalex.org/W3194427262', 'https://openalex.org/W3153677601', 'https://openalex.org/W2913177531', 'https://openalex.org/W2886362331', 'https://openalex.org/W2362309233', 'https://openalex.org/W2356790214', 'https://openalex.org/W2041164647', 'https://openalex.org/W2035045257', 'https://openalex.org/W1975403478'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'<para': [0], 'xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"': [1], 'xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">': [2], 'Before': [3], 'flashover': [4, 57, 189], 'across': [5], 'an': [6], 'insulator': [7, 21, 156], 'under': [8, 63], 'high': [9], 'electric': [10], 'field': [11], 'in': [12, 58, 98, 111], 'vacuum,': [13], 'there': [14], 'are': [15, 68, 89], 'charging': [16], 'phenomena': [17], 'occurring': [18], 'on': [19, 32, 50, 86], 'the': [20, 26, 33, 39, 104, 107, 117, 124, 136, 144, 151, 154, 161, 174, 181, 184, 188], 'surface,': [22], 'which': [23], 'significantly': [24], 'affect': [25], 'developing': [27], 'process': [28], 'of': [29, 46, 79, 146], 'flashover.': [30], 'Based': [31], 'secondary-electron-emission-avalanche': [34], 'model': [35], 'and': [36, 52, 75, 83, 128, 131, 140, 143, 173, 187], 'by': [37], 'using': [38], 'Monte': [40], 'Carlo': [41], 'method,': [42], 'a': [43, 99, 112, 158, 170], '2-D': [44], 'analysis': [45], 'surface': [47, 101, 108, 185], 'charge': [48, 87, 126, 138, 163], 'density': [49, 127, 139, 164], 'cylindrical': [51], 'conical': [53, 155], 'insulators': [54], 'prior': [55], 'to': [56], 'vacuum': [59], 'has': [60], 'been': [61], 'performed': [62], 'unipolar': [64], 'voltage.': [65, 190], 'Different': [66], 'materials': [67], 'employed,': [69], 'i.e.,': [70], 'alumina': [71], 'ceramic,': [72], 'PTFE,': [73], 'PMMA,': [74], 'PI.': [76], 'The': [77, 91], 'influences': [78], 'materials,': [80], 'voltage': [81], 'amplitudes,': [82], 'coning': [84, 182], 'angles': [85], 'distribution': [88], 'investigated.': [90], 'results': [92], 'reveal': [93], 'that': [94, 168], 'negative': [95, 125, 159], 'charges': [96, 109], 'exist': [97], 'small': [100], 'region': [102, 114, 129, 141], 'near': [103], 'cathode,': [105], 'while': [106], 'positive': [110, 137, 162, 171], 'larger': [113], 'away': [115], 'from': [116], 'cathode.': [118, 152], 'With': [119], 'increasing': [120], 'applied': [121], 'voltage,': [122], 'both': [123, 135, 147], 'decrease,': [130], 'even': [132], 'vanish,': [133], 'whereas': [134], 'increase,': [142], 'peaks': [145], 'regions': [148], 'move': [149], 'toward': [150], 'For': [153], 'with': [157, 169], 'angle,': [160, 172, 183], 'is': [165], 'greater': [166], 'than': [167], 'simulation': [175], 'describes': [176], 'well': [177], 'experimental': [178], 'data': [179], 'relating': [180], 'charge,': [186], '</para>': [191]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119809683', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T11:13:15.738868', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}