Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2118399496', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700711', 'title': 'Compositional Determinants of Mechanical Properties of Enamel', 'display_name': 'Compositional Determinants of Mechanical Properties of Enamel', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2118399496', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700711', 'mag': '2118399496', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18573984', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2658820'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700711', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62865007', 'display_name': 'Journal of Dental Research', 'issn_l': '0022-0345', 'issn': ['0022-0345', '1544-0591'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2658820?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042263498', 'display_name': 'Marta Baldassarri', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Baldassarri', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA; and', 'Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA; and', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084093578', 'display_name': 'Henry C. Margolis', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'H.C. Margolis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA; and', 'Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA; and', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082234540', 'display_name': 'Elia Beniash', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-5160'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'display_name': 'Harvard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vek6s52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E. Beniash', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA; and', 'Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, USA; and', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.085, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 124, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999965, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '87', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': '645', 'last_page': '649'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10059', 'display_name': 'Bone Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10059', 'display_name': 'Bone Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10113', 'display_name': 'Dental Restorative Materials', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3505', 'display_name': 'Orthodontics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/35', 'display_name': 'Dentistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10359', 'display_name': 'Dental Implantology and Peri-implant Diseases', 'score': 0.994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3504', 'display_name': 'Oral Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/35', 'display_name': 'Dentistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralized-tissues', 'display_name': 'Mineralized tissues', 'score': 0.59607476}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dentin-structure', 'display_name': 'Dentin Structure', 'score': 0.577115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-materials', 'display_name': 'Dental Materials', 'score': 0.506366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix', 'display_name': 'Matrix (chemical analysis)', 'score': 0.49492663}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C156887251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386424', 'display_name': 'Enamel paint', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8902228}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.65254956}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165720898', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000', 'display_name': 'Indentation hardness', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6347507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777131851', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6864399', 'display_name': 'Mineralized tissues', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.59607476}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.56919426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97549433', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911969', 'display_name': 'Fracture toughness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5370364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106487976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816', 'display_name': 'Matrix (chemical analysis)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49492663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43369102', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625', 'display_name': 'Fracture (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45049182}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777746296', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178397', 'display_name': 'Apatite', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4378545}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779263046', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189637', 'display_name': 'Dentin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.36538613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199343813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128', 'display_name': 'Dentistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3288575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199289684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353', 'display_name': 'Mineralogy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23810115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21703854}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87976508', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213', 'display_name': 'Microstructure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18436605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.056424856}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003743', 'descriptor_name': 'Dental Enamel', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003746', 'descriptor_name': 'Dental Enamel Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003799', 'descriptor_name': 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003804', 'descriptor_name': 'Dentin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000704', 'descriptor_name': 'Analysis of Variance', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001696', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003460', 'descriptor_name': 'Crystallization', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003743', 'descriptor_name': 'Dental Enamel', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003746', 'descriptor_name': 'Dental Enamel Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003804', 'descriptor_name': 'Dentin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006244', 'descriptor_name': 'Hardness', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D066298', 'descriptor_name': 'In Vitro Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007180', 'descriptor_name': 'Incisor', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008334', 'descriptor_name': 'Mandible', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051381', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013314', 'descriptor_name': 'Stress, Mechanical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014082', 'descriptor_name': 'Tooth Fractures', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014082', 'descriptor_name': 'Tooth Fractures', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014867', 'descriptor_name': 'Water', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700711', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S62865007', 'display_name': 'Journal of Dental Research', 'issn_l': '0022-0345', 'issn': ['0022-0345', '1544-0591'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2658820', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2658820?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658820', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18573984', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2658820', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2658820?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.4, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 25, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W155098842', 'https://openalex.org/W1677530667', 'https://openalex.org/W1752844820', 'https://openalex.org/W1972818723', 'https://openalex.org/W1976022536', 'https://openalex.org/W1981055824', 'https://openalex.org/W1986593147', 'https://openalex.org/W1987413515', 'https://openalex.org/W2003785333', 'https://openalex.org/W2004859651', 'https://openalex.org/W2019131424', 'https://openalex.org/W2033991025', 'https://openalex.org/W2042426503', 'https://openalex.org/W2043879099', 'https://openalex.org/W2044282769', 'https://openalex.org/W2047273200', 'https://openalex.org/W2050376746', 'https://openalex.org/W2056539110', 'https://openalex.org/W2067529437', 'https://openalex.org/W2069832788', 'https://openalex.org/W2077677611', 'https://openalex.org/W2078480204', 'https://openalex.org/W2114586992', 'https://openalex.org/W2130201851', 'https://openalex.org/W2146132963'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4309657696', 'https://openalex.org/W3176526747', 'https://openalex.org/W2751962665', 'https://openalex.org/W2423733468', 'https://openalex.org/W2391612727', 'https://openalex.org/W2358928726', 'https://openalex.org/W2090794671', 'https://openalex.org/W2030517249', 'https://openalex.org/W1994704698', 'https://openalex.org/W162390314'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Dental': [0], 'enamel': [1, 66, 124], 'is': [2], 'comprised': [3], 'primarily': [4], 'of': [5, 23, 32, 61, 71, 104, 114, 123, 139], 'carbonated': [6], 'apatite,': [7], 'with': [8], 'less': [9], 'than': [10], '1%': [11], 'w/w': [12, 17], 'organic': [13, 44, 72, 105], 'matter': [14], 'and': [15, 29, 43, 54, 83, 147], '4–5%': [16], 'water.': [18], 'To': [19], 'determine': [20], 'the': [21, 27, 59, 62, 109, 120, 137], 'influence': [22], 'each': [24], 'component': [25], 'on': [26, 65, 99], 'microhardness': [28], 'fracture': [30, 91], 'toughness': [31], 'rat': [33], 'incisor': [34], 'enamel,': [35], 'we': [36], 'mechanically': [37], 'tested': [38], 'specimens': [39], 'in': [40, 52, 75, 81, 90], 'which': [41], 'water': [42, 93], 'matrix': [45, 73, 106], 'were': [46, 50], 'selectively': [47], 'removed.': [48], 'Tests': [49], 'performed': [51], 'mid-sagittal': [53], 'transverse': [55], 'orientations': [56], 'to': [57, 77], 'assess': [58], 'effect': [60, 98], 'structural': [63, 121], 'organization': [64, 122], 'micromechanical': [67, 127], 'properties.': [68, 101, 128], 'While': [69], 'removal': [70, 103], 'resulted': [74], 'up': [76], 'a': [78, 87, 95], '23%': [79], 'increase': [80], 'microhardness,': [82], 'as': [84, 86], 'much': [85], '46%': [88], 'decrease': [89], 'toughness,': [92], 'had': [94], 'significantly': [96], 'lesser': [97], 'these': [100, 132], 'Moreover,': [102], 'dramatically': [107], 'weakened': [108], 'dentinoenamel': [110], 'junction': [111], '(DEJ).': [112], 'Analysis': [113], 'our': [115], 'data': [116], 'also': [117], 'showed': [118], 'that': [119, 131], 'affects': [125], 'its': [126], 'We': [129], 'anticipate': [130], 'findings': [133], 'will': [134], 'help': [135], 'guide': [136], 'development': [138], 'bio-inspired': [140], 'nanostructured': [141], 'materials': [142], 'for': [143], 'mineralized': [144], 'tissue': [145], 'repair': [146], 'regeneration.': [148]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2118399496', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-24T10:52:04.782599', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}