Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2118187866', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00120.x', 'title': 'The contribution of epistatic pleiotropy to the genetic architecture of covariation among polygenic traits in mice', 'display_name': 'The contribution of epistatic pleiotropy to the genetic architecture of covariation among polygenic traits in mice', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-08-22', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2118187866', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00120.x', 'mag': '2118187866', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16925682'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00120.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S51549918', 'display_name': 'Evolution & Development', 'issn_l': '1520-541X', 'issn': ['1520-541X', '1525-142X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001638463', 'display_name': 'Jason B. Wolf', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3112-6602'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28407311', 'display_name': 'University of Manchester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/027m9bs27', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jason B. Wolf', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PT UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036900259', 'display_name': 'Daniel Pomp', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114027177', 'display_name': 'University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0130frc33', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Daniel Pomp', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Nutrition, Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Nutrition, Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114027177']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111912621', 'display_name': 'Eugene J. Eisen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I137902535', 'display_name': 'North Carolina State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04tj63d06', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I137902535']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eugene J. Eisen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Animal Science,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,NC 27695,USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Animal Science,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,NC 27695,USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I137902535']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087500022', 'display_name': 'James M. Cheverud', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-863X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204465549', 'display_name': 'Washington University in St. Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01yc7t268', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James M. Cheverud', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052013626', 'display_name': 'Larry J. Leamy', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I102149020', 'display_name': 'University of North Carolina at Charlotte', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04dawnj30', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I102149020']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Larry J. Leamy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I102149020']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3450, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3450, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.777, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 61, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.836855, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '8', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '468', 'last_page': '476'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11468', 'display_name': 'Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11468', 'display_name': 'Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10594', 'display_name': 'Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12417', 'display_name': 'Morphological variations and asymmetry', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2608', 'display_name': 'Geometry and Topology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/epistasis', 'display_name': 'Epistasis', 'score': 0.9582013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pleiotropy', 'display_name': 'Pleiotropy', 'score': 0.8898872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-architecture', 'display_name': 'Genetic architecture', 'score': 0.8609215}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61727976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751748', 'display_name': 'Epistasis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9582013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26207810', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134884', 'display_name': 'Pleiotropy', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8898872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9287583', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532883', 'display_name': 'Genetic architecture', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8609215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8346663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81941488', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853421', 'display_name': 'Quantitative trait locus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.73670375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84597430', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106227', 'display_name': 'Locus (genetics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6170685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5902407}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78458016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5142662}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4287451}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68873052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856', 'display_name': 'Genetic variation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42608348}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127716648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053', 'display_name': 'Phenotype', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.16832829}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14027527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004843', 'descriptor_name': 'Epistasis, Genetic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014644', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Variation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020412', 'descriptor_name': 'Multifactorial Inheritance', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049628', 'descriptor_name': 'Body Size', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049628', 'descriptor_name': 'Body Size', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001842', 'descriptor_name': 'Bone and Bones', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000033', 'qualifier_name': 'anatomy & histology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001842', 'descriptor_name': 'Bone and Bones', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005121', 'descriptor_name': 'Extremities', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000033', 'qualifier_name': 'anatomy & histology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005121', 'descriptor_name': 'Extremities', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007178', 'descriptor_name': 'Inbreeding', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008815', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009929', 'descriptor_name': 'Organ Size', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009929', 'descriptor_name': 'Organ Size', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D040641', 'descriptor_name': 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012044', 'descriptor_name': 'Regression Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00120.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S51549918', 'display_name': 'Evolution & Development', 'issn_l': '1520-541X', 'issn': ['1520-541X', '1525-142X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16925682', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 33, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1542412931', 'https://openalex.org/W1965220817', 'https://openalex.org/W1991717219', 'https://openalex.org/W2022730625', 'https://openalex.org/W2034608799', 'https://openalex.org/W2035159480', 'https://openalex.org/W2041350381', 'https://openalex.org/W2053990481', 'https://openalex.org/W2083867485', 'https://openalex.org/W2094183969', 'https://openalex.org/W2094238041', 'https://openalex.org/W2095413266', 'https://openalex.org/W2096815219', 'https://openalex.org/W2096850955', 'https://openalex.org/W2099509294', 'https://openalex.org/W2103427408', 'https://openalex.org/W2107197953', 'https://openalex.org/W2123257600', 'https://openalex.org/W2125860227', 'https://openalex.org/W2135933358', 'https://openalex.org/W2142330479', 'https://openalex.org/W2152556669', 'https://openalex.org/W2157308673', 'https://openalex.org/W2161653752', 'https://openalex.org/W2163285329', 'https://openalex.org/W2316358044', 'https://openalex.org/W2323177986', 'https://openalex.org/W2325952732', 'https://openalex.org/W2485712656', 'https://openalex.org/W4238523857', 'https://openalex.org/W4251359035', 'https://openalex.org/W4388247760', 'https://openalex.org/W4388247775'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4302338605', 'https://openalex.org/W4234256339', 'https://openalex.org/W2135933358', 'https://openalex.org/W2118187866', 'https://openalex.org/W2073235555', 'https://openalex.org/W2019477162', 'https://openalex.org/W2016626084', 'https://openalex.org/W2013333645', 'https://openalex.org/W1988072872', 'https://openalex.org/W192057273'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'contribution': [1, 58, 231, 240], 'that': [2, 130], 'pleiotropic': [3], 'effects': [4], 'of': [5, 30, 35, 59, 65, 69, 80, 97, 105, 117, 131, 146, 160, 187, 189, 196, 206, 217, 245], 'individual': [6], 'loci': [7], 'make': [8], 'to': [9, 55, 61, 241], 'covariation': [10, 36, 68, 190, 197], 'among': [11, 37, 191, 198], 'traits': [12], 'is': [13, 18, 25], 'well': [14, 20], 'understood': [15], 'theoretically': [16], 'and': [17, 67, 72, 86, 102, 123, 194, 211], 'becoming': [19], 'documented': [21], 'empirically.': [22], 'However,': [23], 'little': [24], 'known': [26], 'about': [27, 115], 'the': [28, 57, 62, 84, 118, 142, 157, 161, 218, 242], 'role': [29], 'epistasis': [31, 60, 90], 'in': [32, 76, 120, 125, 141], 'determining': [33], 'patterns': [34], 'traits.': [38, 223], 'To': [39], 'address': [40], 'this': [41], 'problem': [42], 'we': [43], 'combine': [44], 'a': [45, 52, 77, 229, 238], 'quantitative': [46], 'trait': [47], 'locus': [48], '(QTL)': [49], 'analysis': [50], 'with': [51], 'two-locus': [53], 'model': [54], 'assess': [56], 'genetic': [63, 220, 243], 'architecture': [64, 244], 'variation': [66, 119], 'organ': [70, 100, 121, 166, 192, 209], 'weights': [71, 101, 122, 167, 193], 'limb': [73, 108, 126, 143, 151, 199, 214], 'bone': [74, 109, 127, 152, 200, 215], 'lengths': [75, 128, 153], 'backcross': [78], 'population': [79], 'mice': [81], 'created': [82], 'from': [83], 'M16i': [85], 'CAST/Ei': [87], 'strains.': [88], 'Significant': [89], 'was': [91, 137, 175], 'exhibited': [92], 'by': [93], '14': [94, 162], 'pairwise': [95], 'combinations': [96, 104, 149, 164], 'QTL': [98, 106, 133], 'for': [99, 107, 184], '10': [103, 147], 'lengths,': [110, 201], 'which': [111, 202], 'contributed,': [112], 'on': [113], 'average,': [114], '5%': [116], '8%': [124], 'beyond': [129], 'single-locus': [132, 179, 233], 'effects.': [134], 'Epistatic': [135, 181], 'pleiotropy': [136, 174, 182, 227], 'much': [138], 'more': [139], 'common': [140, 177], 'bones': [144], '(seven': [145], 'epistatic': [148, 163, 173, 226], 'affecting': [150, 165], 'were': [154, 168], 'pleiotropic)': [155], 'than': [156, 178, 232], 'organs': [158], '(three': [159], 'pleiotropic).': [169], 'In': [170], 'both': [171], 'cases,': [172], 'less': [176], 'pleiotropy.': [180], 'accounted': [183], 'an': [185, 204], 'average': [186, 205], '6%': [188], '21%': [195], 'represented': [203], 'one-fifth': [207], '(for': [208, 213], 'weights)': [210], 'one-third': [212], 'lengths)': [216], 'total': [219], 'covariance': [221], 'between': [222], 'Thus,': [224], 'although': [225], 'made': [228, 237], 'smaller': [230], 'pleiotropy,': [234], 'it': [235], 'clearly': [236], 'significant': [239], 'variation/covariation.': [246]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2118187866', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T14:04:49.524187', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}