Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2116782046', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.11.2514-2521.1989', 'title': 'Isoenzyme biotypes of Candida species', 'display_name': 'Isoenzyme biotypes of Candida species', 'publication_year': 1989, 'publication_date': '1989-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2116782046', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.11.2514-2521.1989', 'mag': '2116782046', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2681253', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/267069'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.11.2514-2521.1989', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/27/11/2514.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53087977', 'display_name': 'Journal of Clinical Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0095-1137', 'issn': ['0095-1137', '1070-633X', '1098-660X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/27/11/2514.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054575247', 'display_name': 'Paul F. Lehmann', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12057038', 'display_name': 'University of Toledo Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01600wh70', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12057038']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P F Lehmann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, P.O. Box 10008, Toledo, Ohio 43699-0008'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, P.O. Box 10008, Toledo, Ohio 43699-0008', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12057038']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005531193', 'display_name': 'B J Kemker', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12057038', 'display_name': 'University of Toledo Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01600wh70', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12057038']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B J Kemker', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, P.O. Box 10008, Toledo, Ohio 43699-0008'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, P.O. Box 10008, Toledo, Ohio 43699-0008', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12057038']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103983628', 'display_name': 'Chiu-Bin Hsiao', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12057038', 'display_name': 'University of Toledo Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01600wh70', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12057038']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C B Hsiao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, P.O. Box 10008, Toledo, Ohio 43699-0008'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, P.O. Box 10008, Toledo, Ohio 43699-0008', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12057038']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011772990', 'display_name': 'Soumyabrata Dev', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0153-1095'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12057038', 'display_name': 'University of Toledo Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01600wh70', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12057038']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S Dev', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, P.O. Box 10008, Toledo, Ohio 43699-0008'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Ohio, P.O. Box 10008, Toledo, Ohio 43699-0008', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12057038']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.731, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 88, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.921427, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '27', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': '2514', 'last_page': '2521'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10150', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Management of Fungal Infections', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10150', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Management of Fungal Infections', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10520', 'display_name': 'Mycotoxins and Their Impact', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10141', 'display_name': 'Probiotics and Prebiotics', 'score': 0.9957, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/candidiasis', 'display_name': 'Candidiasis', 'score': 0.433858}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119795356', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407801', 'display_name': 'Isozyme', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.91259515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.82035327}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778597767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027534', 'display_name': 'Sucrose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5447931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780917455', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310443', 'display_name': 'Candida albicans', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53435224}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101660505', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898301', 'display_name': 'Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48503894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775835631', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143138', 'display_name': 'Candida tropicalis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4545736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42697948}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145081991', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576388', 'display_name': 'Corpus albicans', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4128362}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3718309}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.32632405}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002175', 'descriptor_name': 'Candida', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000201', 'qualifier_name': 'enzymology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002176', 'descriptor_name': 'Candida albicans', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000201', 'qualifier_name': 'enzymology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007527', 'descriptor_name': 'Isoenzymes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000469', 'descriptor_name': 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000469', 'descriptor_name': 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015373', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002175', 'descriptor_name': 'Candida', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002175', 'descriptor_name': 'Candida', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002176', 'descriptor_name': 'Candida albicans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002176', 'descriptor_name': 'Candida albicans', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016000', 'descriptor_name': 'Cluster Analysis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004591', 'descriptor_name': 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005954', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005954', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007521', 'descriptor_name': 'Isocitrate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007521', 'descriptor_name': 'Isocitrate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007527', 'descriptor_name': 'Isoenzymes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007770', 'descriptor_name': 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007770', 'descriptor_name': 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008291', 'descriptor_name': 'Malate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008291', 'descriptor_name': 'Malate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013385', 'descriptor_name': 'Succinate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013385', 'descriptor_name': 'Succinate Dehydrogenase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013482', 'descriptor_name': 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013482', 'descriptor_name': 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.11.2514-2521.1989', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/27/11/2514.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53087977', 'display_name': 'Journal of Clinical Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0095-1137', 'issn': ['0095-1137', '1070-633X', '1098-660X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc267069', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc267069?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC267069', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2681253', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.11.2514-2521.1989', 'pdf_url': 'https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/27/11/2514.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S53087977', 'display_name': 'Journal of Clinical Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0095-1137', 'issn': ['0095-1137', '1070-633X', '1098-660X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'score': 0.59, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W136140526', 'https://openalex.org/W1494079545', 'https://openalex.org/W1535846985', 'https://openalex.org/W1552086179', 'https://openalex.org/W1558714401', 'https://openalex.org/W1567849582', 'https://openalex.org/W1570394140', 'https://openalex.org/W1574398478', 'https://openalex.org/W1781082512', 'https://openalex.org/W1822963170', 'https://openalex.org/W1847888239', 'https://openalex.org/W1891003047', 'https://openalex.org/W1950436410', 'https://openalex.org/W1968496641', 'https://openalex.org/W1972488087', 'https://openalex.org/W1983659360', 'https://openalex.org/W1996328138', 'https://openalex.org/W1997179440', 'https://openalex.org/W2016381774', 'https://openalex.org/W2026342550', 'https://openalex.org/W2027098068', 'https://openalex.org/W2092781522', 'https://openalex.org/W2095368128', 'https://openalex.org/W2095926735', 'https://openalex.org/W2105127027', 'https://openalex.org/W2120319937', 'https://openalex.org/W2132385062', 'https://openalex.org/W2133963229', 'https://openalex.org/W2143944285', 'https://openalex.org/W2144211063', 'https://openalex.org/W2149223090', 'https://openalex.org/W2149891419', 'https://openalex.org/W2157530645', 'https://openalex.org/W2162096005', 'https://openalex.org/W2229908198', 'https://openalex.org/W2479736742', 'https://openalex.org/W3023050094', 'https://openalex.org/W4245436919'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4362508968', 'https://openalex.org/W3029732278', 'https://openalex.org/W2997713812', 'https://openalex.org/W2801492594', 'https://openalex.org/W2778267304', 'https://openalex.org/W2760710431', 'https://openalex.org/W2367173716', 'https://openalex.org/W2247003880', 'https://openalex.org/W2102861863', 'https://openalex.org/W1951953746'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Isoenzyme': [0, 46], 'profiles': [1], 'were': [2, 20, 30, 62, 79, 90], 'obtained': [3, 63], 'following': [4], 'polyacrylamide': [5], 'gel': [6], 'electrophoresis': [7], 'of': [8, 11, 39, 48, 102, 108], 'crude': [9], 'extracts': [10], 'Candida': [12], 'albicans': [13], 'and': [14, 54, 60, 64], 'C.': [15, 110], 'tropicalis.': [16], 'The': [17], 'two': [18], 'species': [19], 'separated': [21], 'by': [22], 'distinct': [23, 81], 'isoenzyme': [24, 106], 'patterns.': [25], 'Within': [26], 'each': [27], 'species,': [28], 'variations': [29], 'found': [31, 91], 'for': [32, 42], 'several': [33], 'isoenzymes.': [34], 'This': [35, 69], 'allowed': [36], 'the': [37, 49, 74, 83, 105], 'development': [38], 'a': [40], 'method': [41], 'biotyping': [43], 'these': [44], 'fungi.': [45], 'patterns': [47, 107], 'sucrose-negative': [50, 88], 'variants': [51, 75], '"C.': [52, 55], 'stellatoidea"': [53], 'paratropicalis': [56], 'Baker,': [57], 'Salkin,': [58], 'Pincus,': [59], 'D\'Amato"': [61], 'subjected': [65], 'to': [66, 72, 92], 'cluster': [67], 'analysis.': [68], 'procedure': [70], 'failed': [71], 'place': [73], 'into': [76], 'clusters': [77], 'that': [78], 'clearly': [80], 'from': [82], 'conventional': [84], 'sucrose-positive': [85], 'strains.': [86, 114], 'All': [87], 'strains': [89], 'have': [93], 'alpha-glucosidase': [94], 'activity.': [95], 'There': [96], 'was': [97], 'an': [98], 'almost': [99], 'complete': [100], 'lack': [101], 'heterogeneity': [103], 'in': [104], '11': [109], 'stellatoidea': [111], 'type': [112], 'I': [113]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2116782046', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-10T01:18:25.066446', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}