Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2113215144', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.19.2.223', 'title': 'The Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Maintenance of Verbal Working Memory: An Event-Related fMRI Analysis.', 'display_name': 'The Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Maintenance of Verbal Working Memory: An Event-Related fMRI Analysis.', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2113215144', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.19.2.223', 'mag': '2113215144', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15769206'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.19.2.223', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S97426521', 'display_name': 'Neuropsychology', 'issn_l': '0894-4105', 'issn': ['0894-4105', '1931-1559'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082128655', 'display_name': 'Nandakumar S. Narayanan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-0003'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nandakumar S. Narayanan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065156623', 'display_name': 'Vivek Prabhakaran', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1974-3125'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vivek Prabhakaran', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110685114', 'display_name': 'Silvia A. Bunge', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Silvia A. Bunge', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077328267', 'display_name': 'Kalina Christoff', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-8647'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kalina Christoff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070956792', 'display_name': 'Eric M. Fine', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eric M. Fine', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042018430', 'display_name': 'John D. E. Gabrieli', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-5692'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I97018004', 'display_name': 'Stanford University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f54p054', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John D. E. Gabrieli', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,, CA, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I97018004']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.689, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 195, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999875, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '19', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '223', 'last_page': '232'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10042', 'display_name': 'Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10042', 'display_name': 'Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10241', 'display_name': 'Functional Brain Connectivity Studies', 'score': 0.9915, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10918', 'display_name': 'Memory Processes and Influences', 'score': 0.9823, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex', 'display_name': 'Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex', 'score': 0.73767024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsolateral', 'display_name': 'Dorsolateral', 'score': 0.6522717}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ventrolateral-prefrontal-cortex', 'display_name': 'Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex', 'score': 0.5469877}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/self-reference-effect', 'display_name': 'Self-reference effect', 'score': 0.514305}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21963081', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567', 'display_name': 'Working memory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8615498}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.75124097}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781195155', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680', 'display_name': 'Prefrontal cortex', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.74519235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780508717', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72788', 'display_name': 'Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.73767024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C25551252', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164707', 'display_name': 'Consumer neuroscience', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6696476}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2909342898', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488415', 'display_name': 'Dorsolateral', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6522717}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6003888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58693492', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875', 'display_name': 'Neuroimaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5975824}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6757342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3486606', 'display_name': 'Posterior parietal cortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5719221}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.56290215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776587650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146541', 'display_name': 'Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5469877}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C156833797', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268192', 'display_name': 'Self-reference effect', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.514305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27853696', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3480151', 'display_name': 'Interference theory', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.50366586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779226451', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809', 'display_name': 'Functional magnetic resonance imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.442901}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52338299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004354', 'display_name': 'Functional neuroimaging', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4198988}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.26162708}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D008570', 'descriptor_name': 'Memory, Short-Term', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017397', 'descriptor_name': 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014706', 'descriptor_name': 'Verbal Learning', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001931', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Mapping', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007839', 'descriptor_name': 'Functional Laterality', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007839', 'descriptor_name': 'Functional Laterality', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007091', 'descriptor_name': 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007091', 'descriptor_name': 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008570', 'descriptor_name': 'Memory, Short-Term', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009483', 'descriptor_name': 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010100', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxygen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010100', 'descriptor_name': 'Oxygen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000097', 'qualifier_name': 'blood', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017397', 'descriptor_name': 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017397', 'descriptor_name': 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000098', 'qualifier_name': 'blood supply', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011930', 'descriptor_name': 'Reaction Time', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011930', 'descriptor_name': 'Reaction Time', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014706', 'descriptor_name': 'Verbal Learning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.19.2.223', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S97426521', 'display_name': 'Neuropsychology', 'issn_l': '0894-4105', 'issn': ['0894-4105', '1931-1559'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15769206', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 49, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1511039218', 'https://openalex.org/W1524367410', 'https://openalex.org/W1604916109', 'https://openalex.org/W1810474833', 'https://openalex.org/W1918304343', 'https://openalex.org/W1967419852', 'https://openalex.org/W1967812536', 'https://openalex.org/W1971857019', 'https://openalex.org/W1973613065', 'https://openalex.org/W2002007413', 'https://openalex.org/W2006362157', 'https://openalex.org/W2019782389', 'https://openalex.org/W2021877553', 'https://openalex.org/W2021963825', 'https://openalex.org/W2023209753', 'https://openalex.org/W2031678850', 'https://openalex.org/W2049521441', 'https://openalex.org/W2054622364', 'https://openalex.org/W2059564226', 'https://openalex.org/W2061602445', 'https://openalex.org/W2068106265', 'https://openalex.org/W2080847728', 'https://openalex.org/W2084897272', 'https://openalex.org/W2094542138', 'https://openalex.org/W2096937559', 'https://openalex.org/W2106654511', 'https://openalex.org/W2108009185', 'https://openalex.org/W2115288063', 'https://openalex.org/W2116344581', 'https://openalex.org/W2121723878', 'https://openalex.org/W2122328387', 'https://openalex.org/W2123384830', 'https://openalex.org/W2131956332', 'https://openalex.org/W2133215332', 'https://openalex.org/W2141109303', 'https://openalex.org/W2141930749', 'https://openalex.org/W2142360036', 'https://openalex.org/W2142483272', 'https://openalex.org/W2146713200', 'https://openalex.org/W2159006998', 'https://openalex.org/W2166871258', 'https://openalex.org/W2169078703', 'https://openalex.org/W2169366712', 'https://openalex.org/W2170797424', 'https://openalex.org/W2171140194', 'https://openalex.org/W2794612919', 'https://openalex.org/W2936428940', 'https://openalex.org/W3021196089', 'https://openalex.org/W4232585737'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4245143372', 'https://openalex.org/W4233892152', 'https://openalex.org/W2892136551', 'https://openalex.org/W2504844881', 'https://openalex.org/W2329820015', 'https://openalex.org/W2113215144', 'https://openalex.org/W2064853601', 'https://openalex.org/W2060661745', 'https://openalex.org/W2020174088', 'https://openalex.org/W1965993804'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Neuroimaging': [0], 'studies': [1], 'have': [2], 'been': [3], 'inconclusive': [4], 'in': [5, 21, 42, 56, 68, 117], 'characterizing': [6], 'the': [7, 10, 29, 44, 58, 61, 84, 90, 98, 104, 115, 122], 'role': [8, 113], 'of': [9, 19, 46, 54, 86, 124], 'prefrontal': [11], 'cortex': [12, 102], '(PFC)': [13], 'for': [14, 114], 'maintaining': [15, 119], 'increasingly': [16, 111], 'larger': [17], 'amounts': [18], 'information': [20, 55, 120, 126], 'working': [22], 'memory': [23], '(WM).': [24], 'To': [25], 'address': [26], 'this': [27], 'question,': [28], 'authors': [30], 'collected': [31], 'event-related': [32], 'functional': [33, 95], 'MRI': [34], 'data': [35], 'while': [36], 'participants': [37], 'performed': [38], 'an': [39, 110], 'item-recognition': [40], 'task': [41], 'which': [43], 'number': [45], 'to-be-remembered': [47], 'letters': [48], 'was': [49], 'parametrically': [50], 'modulated.': [51], 'During': [52], 'maintenance': [53], 'WM,': [57], 'dorsolateral': [59, 91], 'and': [60, 100], 'ventrolateral': [62, 105], 'PFC': [63, 92, 116], 'exhibited': [64], 'linearly': [65], 'increasing': [66, 71], 'activation': [67], 'response': [69], 'to': [70], 'WM': [72], 'load.': [73], 'Prefrontal': [74], 'regions': [75], 'could': [76], 'not': [77], 'be': [78], 'distinguished': [79], 'from': [80], 'one': [81], 'another': [82], 'on': [83], 'basis': [85], 'load': [87], 'sensitivity,': [88], 'but': [89], 'had': [93], 'stronger': [94], 'connectivity': [96], 'with': [97], 'parietal': [99], 'motor': [101], 'than': [103], 'PFC.': [106], 'These': [107], 'results': [108], 'suggest': [109], 'important': [112], 'actively': [118], 'as': [121], 'amount': [123], 'that': [125], 'increases.': [127]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113215144', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 15}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T17:05:25.145122', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}