Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2111931534', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390223613', 'title': 'Phylogeny Reconstruction: The Role of Morphology', 'display_name': 'Phylogeny Reconstruction: The Role of Morphology', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2111931534', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390223613', 'mag': '2111931534', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12857644'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390223613', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S65478581', 'display_name': 'Systematic Biology', 'issn_l': '1063-5157', 'issn': ['1063-5157', '1076-836X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390223613', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043553416', 'display_name': 'Robert W. Scotland', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-2238'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert W. Scotland', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K. [email protected]'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K. [email protected]', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043625675', 'display_name': 'Richard G. Olmstead', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-4159'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard G. Olmstead', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Botany, Campus Box 355325, University of WashingtonSeattle, Washington 98195, USA E-mail:'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Botany, Campus Box 355325, University of WashingtonSeattle, Washington 98195, USA E-mail:', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110355465', 'display_name': 'Jonathan R. Bennett', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76835614', 'display_name': 'University of Missouri', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02ymw8z06', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76835614']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jonathan R. Bennett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Sciences, 105 Tucker Hall, University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbia, Missouri 65211, USA E-mail:'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, 105 Tucker Hall, University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbia, Missouri 65211, USA E-mail:', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76835614']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 1984, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1984, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 22.957, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 388, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999894, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '52', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '539', 'last_page': '548'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12568', 'display_name': 'Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics', 'score': 0.992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12568', 'display_name': 'Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics', 'score': 0.992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11354', 'display_name': 'Evolution and Paleontology Studies', 'score': 0.9883, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1911', 'display_name': 'Paleontology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10012', 'display_name': 'Genetic diversity and population structure', 'score': 0.9814, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology', 'display_name': 'Morphology', 'score': 0.72228754}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8266437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90132467', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184', 'display_name': 'Phylogenetics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7512406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C499950583', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183252', 'display_name': 'Morphology (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72228754}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78458016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6760278}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90856448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431', 'display_name': 'Zoology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43967265}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08446744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000717', 'descriptor_name': 'Anatomy, Comparative', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010802', 'descriptor_name': 'Phylogeny', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018401', 'descriptor_name': 'Sample Size', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390223613', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S65478581', 'display_name': 'Systematic Biology', 'issn_l': '1063-5157', 'issn': ['1063-5157', '1076-836X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12857644', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390223613', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S65478581', 'display_name': 'Systematic Biology', 'issn_l': '1063-5157', 'issn': ['1063-5157', '1076-836X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 109, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1525734744', 'https://openalex.org/W1602500460', 'https://openalex.org/W1790447011', 'https://openalex.org/W1844951369', 'https://openalex.org/W1966972227', 'https://openalex.org/W1971273325', 'https://openalex.org/W1971726909', 'https://openalex.org/W1977474185', 'https://openalex.org/W1977606907', 'https://openalex.org/W1977998408', 'https://openalex.org/W1978557909', 'https://openalex.org/W1978854233', 'https://openalex.org/W1979655691', 'https://openalex.org/W1981662601', 'https://openalex.org/W1984353476', 'https://openalex.org/W1984965430', 'https://openalex.org/W1988883758', 'https://openalex.org/W1989845597', 'https://openalex.org/W1990181939', 'https://openalex.org/W1993460909', 'https://openalex.org/W1995768388', 'https://openalex.org/W2009376006', 'https://openalex.org/W2009596137', 'https://openalex.org/W2014488542', 'https://openalex.org/W2018079699', 'https://openalex.org/W2019532320', 'https://openalex.org/W2021415417', 'https://openalex.org/W2022639564', 'https://openalex.org/W2030966943', 'https://openalex.org/W2031514201', 'https://openalex.org/W2032227091', 'https://openalex.org/W2037667459', 'https://openalex.org/W2044612993', 'https://openalex.org/W2047823394', 'https://openalex.org/W2052550780', 'https://openalex.org/W2056394944', 'https://openalex.org/W2058752734', 'https://openalex.org/W2062807748', 'https://openalex.org/W2063533646', 'https://openalex.org/W2063845391', 'https://openalex.org/W2065461553', 'https://openalex.org/W2066042788', 'https://openalex.org/W2066720519', 'https://openalex.org/W2067132449', 'https://openalex.org/W2067954333', 'https://openalex.org/W2068147279', 'https://openalex.org/W2071530460', 'https://openalex.org/W2075360926', 'https://openalex.org/W2076315229', 'https://openalex.org/W2076471028', 'https://openalex.org/W2076474869', 'https://openalex.org/W2076861567', 'https://openalex.org/W2077075733', 'https://openalex.org/W2077186234', 'https://openalex.org/W2081833503', 'https://openalex.org/W2082312299', 'https://openalex.org/W2082392895', 'https://openalex.org/W2085986053', 'https://openalex.org/W2091669517', 'https://openalex.org/W2091923035', 'https://openalex.org/W2094599118', 'https://openalex.org/W2096519261', 'https://openalex.org/W2099411299', 'https://openalex.org/W2100983857', 'https://openalex.org/W2102424972', 'https://openalex.org/W2104393767', 'https://openalex.org/W2104893763', 'https://openalex.org/W2110245550', 'https://openalex.org/W2111618895', 'https://openalex.org/W2112080108', 'https://openalex.org/W2112576504', 'https://openalex.org/W2117884309', 'https://openalex.org/W2119033868', 'https://openalex.org/W2120540277', 'https://openalex.org/W2123770356', 'https://openalex.org/W2124179485', 'https://openalex.org/W2128706909', 'https://openalex.org/W2128935959', 'https://openalex.org/W2129974570', 'https://openalex.org/W2130873484', 'https://openalex.org/W2142398288', 'https://openalex.org/W2146735768', 'https://openalex.org/W2147660889', 'https://openalex.org/W2151405956', 'https://openalex.org/W2151518843', 'https://openalex.org/W2152569798', 'https://openalex.org/W2154597917', 'https://openalex.org/W2162336251', 'https://openalex.org/W2165194008', 'https://openalex.org/W2166426287', 'https://openalex.org/W2171250923', 'https://openalex.org/W2179623624', 'https://openalex.org/W2180180520', 'https://openalex.org/W2185646863', 'https://openalex.org/W2312730507', 'https://openalex.org/W2314011714', 'https://openalex.org/W2314771670', 'https://openalex.org/W2316691517', 'https://openalex.org/W2325702571', 'https://openalex.org/W2329591002', 'https://openalex.org/W2333607232', 'https://openalex.org/W2335222068', 'https://openalex.org/W2477549543', 'https://openalex.org/W2735659838', 'https://openalex.org/W3184837389', 'https://openalex.org/W4231784440', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W565848724', 'https://openalex.org/W626899126'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2788277189', 'https://openalex.org/W2518331723', 'https://openalex.org/W248275141', 'https://openalex.org/W2383763250', 'https://openalex.org/W2130076355', 'https://openalex.org/W2082860237', 'https://openalex.org/W2061542922', 'https://openalex.org/W1993764875', 'https://openalex.org/W1990804418', 'https://openalex.org/W1923231248'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 246], 'this': [1], 'article': [2], 'we': [3, 27, 231, 251], 'explore': [4], 'the': [5, 42, 48, 72, 97, 106, 119, 131, 169, 206, 218, 233, 236, 247, 258], 'paradox': [6], 'of': [7, 25, 50, 59, 75, 99, 114, 121, 133, 138, 150, 164, 172, 184, 188, 208, 239], 'why': [8], 'morphological': [9, 36, 116, 134, 155, 222, 240], 'data': [10, 44, 135, 148, 223], 'are': [11, 19], 'currently': [12], 'utilized': [13], 'less': [14], 'for': [15, 64, 82, 176, 211], 'phylogeny': [253], 'reconstruction': [254], 'than': [18], 'DNA': [20, 76], 'sequence': [21, 77, 139], 'data,': [22, 78], 'whereas': [23], 'most': [24], 'what': [26], 'know': [28], 'about': [29], 'stems': [31], 'from': [32], 'classifications': [33], 'founded': [34], 'on': [35], 'data.': [37, 140], 'The': [38], 'crucial': [39, 93], 'difference': [40], 'between': [41], 'two': [43], 'sources': [45], 'relates': [46], 'to': [47, 80, 129, 145, 196, 255, 257], 'number': [49, 171, 187, 207], 'potentially': [51], 'unambiguous': [52, 173, 189], 'characters': [53, 174, 190, 209], 'available,': [54], 'their': [55, 62], 'ease': [56], 'and': [57, 61, 87, 110, 153, 200, 215], 'speed': [58], 'discovery,': [60], 'suitability': [63], 'analysis': [65, 177], 'using': [66], 'transformational': [67, 180], 'models.': [68], 'We': [69, 104, 157, 213], 'consider': [70, 232], 'that': [71, 91, 108, 160, 220, 235, 249], 'increased': [73], 'use': [74, 252], 'relative': [79], 'morphology,': [81], 'is': [85, 124, 143, 191], 'inevitable': [86], 'well': [88], 'founded,': [89], 'but': [90], 'a': [92, 125, 161, 179, 185], 'issue': [94], 'remains': [95], 'concerning': [96], 'role': [98], 'morphology': [100], 'in': [101, 118, 178, 227, 264], 'reconstruction.': [103, 229], 'present': [105], 'view': [107, 219], 'rigorous': [109], 'critical': [111], 'anatomical': [112], 'studies': [113], 'fewer': [115], 'characters,': [117], 'context': [120], 'molecular': [122], 'phylogenies,': [123], 'more': [126, 221], 'fruitful': [127], 'approach': [128, 142], 'integrating': [130], 'strengths': [132], 'with': [136, 217], 'those': [137], 'This': [141, 182], 'preferable': [144], 'compiling': [146], 'larger': [147], 'matrices': [149], 'increasingly': [151], 'ambiguous': [152], 'problematic': [154], 'characters.': [156], 'argue': [158], 'below': [159], 'main': [162], 'constraint': [163], 'morphologybased': [165], 'phylogenetic': [166], 'inference': [167], 'concerns': [168], 'limited': [170, 186], 'available': [175, 210], 'framework.': [181], 'problem': [183], 'further': [192, 204], 'compounded': [193], 'by': [194], 'obstacles': [195], 'accurate': [197], 'homology': [198], 'assessment': [199], 'character': [201], 'coding,': [202], 'which': [203], 'reduce': [205], 'analysis.': [212], 'discuss': [214], 'disagree': [216], 'should': [224], 'be': [225, 244], 'used': [226], 'Furthermore,': [230], 'claim': [234], 'greatest': [237], 'strength': [238], 'data-increased': [241], 'taxon': [242], 'sampling-to': [243], 'mistaken.': [245], 'discussion': [248], 'follows': [250], 'refer': [256], 'computer-based': [259], 'algorithmic': [260], 'analyses': [261], 'routinely': [262], 'conducted': [263], 'systematics': [265], 'today.': [266]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2111931534', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T16:25:07.896215', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}