Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2110963626', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.5.1226-1230.2002', 'title': 'Antibacterial Activity of Licochalcone A against Spore-Forming Bacteria', 'display_name': 'Antibacterial Activity of Licochalcone A against Spore-Forming Bacteria', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2110963626', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.5.1226-1230.2002', 'mag': '2110963626', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11959549', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/127195'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.5.1226-1230.2002', 'pdf_url': 'https://aac.asm.org/content/46/5/1226.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S47215897', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy', 'issn_l': '0066-4804', 'issn': ['0066-4804', '1070-6283', '1098-6596'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://aac.asm.org/content/46/5/1226.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064226791', 'display_name': 'Ryo-Ichi Tsukiyama', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ryo-Ichi Tsukiyama', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Research Laboratory, Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd., 100-3, Tominaga, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-4193, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research Laboratory, Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd., 100-3, Tominaga, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-4193, Japan', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030853453', 'display_name': 'Harumi Katsura', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Harumi Katsura', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Research Laboratory, Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd., 100-3, Tominaga, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-4193, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research Laboratory, Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd., 100-3, Tominaga, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-4193, Japan', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011946200', 'display_name': 'Nozomu Tokuriki', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nozomu Tokuriki', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Research Laboratory, Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd., 100-3, Tominaga, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-4193, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research Laboratory, Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd., 100-3, Tominaga, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-4193, Japan', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021570907', 'display_name': 'Makio Kobayashi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Makio Kobayashi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Research Laboratory, Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd., 100-3, Tominaga, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-4193, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research Laboratory, Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd., 100-3, Tominaga, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-4193, Japan', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.332, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 149, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.952128, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '46', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '1226', 'last_page': '1230'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12817', 'display_name': 'Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3004', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12817', 'display_name': 'Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3004', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12477', 'display_name': 'Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11385', 'display_name': 'Natural product bioactivities and synthesis', 'score': 0.992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.62592524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777272437', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131238', 'display_name': 'Bacillus subtilis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61686593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4937899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5873409}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49228635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780104969', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530', 'display_name': 'Antibacterial activity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4663462}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3463625}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31903555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030', 'display_name': 'Food science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33299828}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32723713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18518835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18301284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002599', 'descriptor_name': 'Chalcone', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002599', 'descriptor_name': 'Chalcone', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000031', 'qualifier_name': 'analogs & derivatives', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005519', 'descriptor_name': 'Food Preservation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013171', 'descriptor_name': 'Spores, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001412', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacillus subtilis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001412', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacillus subtilis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000254', 'qualifier_name': 'growth & development', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001419', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteria', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002599', 'descriptor_name': 'Chalcone', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002599', 'descriptor_name': 'Chalcone', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002599', 'descriptor_name': 'Chalcone', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D047188', 'descriptor_name': 'Chalcones', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005506', 'descriptor_name': 'Food Contamination', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005506', 'descriptor_name': 'Food Contamination', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005519', 'descriptor_name': 'Food Preservation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006035', 'descriptor_name': 'Glycyrrhiza', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006035', 'descriptor_name': 'Glycyrrhiza', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008826', 'descriptor_name': 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018517', 'descriptor_name': 'Plant Roots', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018517', 'descriptor_name': 'Plant Roots', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013171', 'descriptor_name': 'Spores, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.5.1226-1230.2002', 'pdf_url': 'https://aac.asm.org/content/46/5/1226.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S47215897', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy', 'issn_l': '0066-4804', 'issn': ['0066-4804', '1070-6283', '1098-6596'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc127195', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc127195?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC127195', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11959549', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.5.1226-1230.2002', 'pdf_url': 'https://aac.asm.org/content/46/5/1226.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S47215897', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy', 'issn_l': '0066-4804', 'issn': ['0066-4804', '1070-6283', '1098-6596'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Responsible consumption and production', 'score': 0.4, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 24, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1481440066', 'https://openalex.org/W1485044783', 'https://openalex.org/W1563559230', 'https://openalex.org/W1931270698', 'https://openalex.org/W1965912922', 'https://openalex.org/W1973635255', 'https://openalex.org/W1981526535', 'https://openalex.org/W2015092838', 'https://openalex.org/W2019643499', 'https://openalex.org/W2028551328', 'https://openalex.org/W2035248785', 'https://openalex.org/W2038724230', 'https://openalex.org/W2043460095', 'https://openalex.org/W2046073278', 'https://openalex.org/W2056808811', 'https://openalex.org/W2098006500', 'https://openalex.org/W2103222135', 'https://openalex.org/W2111584103', 'https://openalex.org/W2134531520', 'https://openalex.org/W2135710886', 'https://openalex.org/W2140076988', 'https://openalex.org/W219832840', 'https://openalex.org/W2285775483', 'https://openalex.org/W2313212999'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4293061103', 'https://openalex.org/W4238511776', 'https://openalex.org/W3041516390', 'https://openalex.org/W3025683560', 'https://openalex.org/W2758340467', 'https://openalex.org/W2365184662', 'https://openalex.org/W2359352982', 'https://openalex.org/W2354946010', 'https://openalex.org/W2301778769', 'https://openalex.org/W1548672655'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ABSTRACT': [0], 'Licochalcone': [1, 78, 95, 112], 'A': [2, 43, 65, 79, 96, 113, 184, 192], 'was': [3, 24, 60, 69, 123, 138, 185], 'isolated': [4], 'from': [5], 'the': [6, 18, 39, 100, 150, 161, 167, 179, 199, 205], 'roots': [7], 'of': [8, 41, 57, 75, 84, 102, 105, 132, 163, 169, 182, 201, 207, 212], 'licorice,': [9], 'Glycyrrhiza': [10], 'inflata': [11], ',': [12], 'which': [13, 217], 'has': [14], 'various': [15], 'uses': [16], 'in': [17, 51, 62, 160, 166, 216], 'food': [19, 46], 'and': [20, 30, 68, 121, 155, 214], 'pharmaceutical': [21], 'industries;': [22], 'isolation': [23], 'followed': [25], 'by': [26, 72, 109], 'extraction': [27], 'with': [28, 33, 130], 'ethanol': [29], 'column': [31], 'chromatography': [32], 'silica': [34], 'gel.': [35], 'In': [36], 'this': [37], 'study,': [38], 'activities': [40], 'licochalcone': [42, 64, 76, 183, 191], 'against': [44, 116, 125, 141], 'some': [45], 'contaminant': [47], 'microorganisms': [48], 'were': [49], 'evaluated': [50], 'vitro.': [52], 'The': [53], 'vegetative': [54], 'cell': [55], 'growth': [56], 'Bacillus': [58, 127], 'subtilis': [59, 107], 'inhibited': [61], 'a': [63, 81, 195], 'concentration-dependent': [66], 'manner': [67], 'completely': [70], 'prevented': [71], '3': [73, 135], 'μg': [74], 'A/ml.': [77], 'showed': [80, 114], 'high': [82, 210], 'level': [83], 'resistance': [85], 'to': [86, 90, 134, 187], 'heating': [87], 'at': [88, 146, 176], '80': [89], '121°C': [91], 'for': [92, 198, 204], '15': [93], 'min.': [94], 'did': [97], 'not': [98, 139], 'inhibit': [99], 'germination': [101], 'heat-treated': [103], 'spores': [104], 'B.': [106], 'induced': [108], 'l': [110, 157], '-alanine.': [111], 'effects': [115], 'all': [117, 126], 'gram-positive': [118], 'bacteria': [119, 143], 'tested': [120], 'especially': [122], 'effective': [124, 140], 'spp.': [128], 'tested,': [129], 'MICs': [131], '2': [133], 'μg/ml,': [136, 178], 'but': [137], 'gram-negative': [142], 'or': [144, 174], 'eukaryotes': [145], '50': [147], 'μg/ml.': [148], 'Although': [149], 'cationic': [151, 218], 'antimicrobial': [152, 164], 'peptides': [153, 219], 'protamine': [154], 'ε-poly-': [156], '-lysine': [158], 'resulted': [159], 'loss': [162], 'activity': [165, 181], 'presence': [168], 'either': [170], '3%': [171], '(wt/vol)': [172], 'NaCl': [173], 'protease': [175], '20': [177], 'antibacterial': [180, 202], 'resistant': [186], 'these': [188], 'conditions.': [189], 'Thus,': [190], 'could': [193], 'be': [194, 221], 'useful': [196], 'compound': [197], 'development': [200], 'agents': [203], 'preservation': [206], 'foods': [208], 'containing': [209], 'concentrations': [211], 'salts': [213], 'proteases,': [215], 'might': [220], 'less': [222], 'effective.': [223]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2110963626', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 14}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T09:54:31.223815', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}