Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2110850594', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.142927', 'title': 'Learning and Macroeconomics', 'display_name': 'Learning and Macroeconomics', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-06-08', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2110850594', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.142927', 'mag': '2110850594'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.142927', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S196715598', 'display_name': 'Annual Review of Economics', 'issn_l': '1941-1383', 'issn': ['1941-1383', '1941-1391'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320373', 'host_organization_name': 'Annual Reviews', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320373'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Annual Reviews'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/1794/8264/1/UO-2008-3_Evans_Learn_Macro.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103122582', 'display_name': 'George W. Evans', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4104-167X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181233156', 'display_name': 'University of Oregon', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0293rh119', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'George W. Evans', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1285, and School of Economics and Finance, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9AL Scotland;', 'University of Oregon - Department of Economics'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Oregon - Department of Economics', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1285, and School of Economics and Finance, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9AL Scotland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048024870', 'display_name': 'Seppo Honkapohja', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I9927081', 'display_name': 'Aalto University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/020hwjq30', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I9927081']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140326', 'display_name': 'Centre for Economic Policy Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04jzmdh37', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140326']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1340728805', 'display_name': 'Ifo Institute for Economic Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/045495t75', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1340728805', 'https://openalex.org/I315704651']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181188550', 'display_name': 'Bank of Finland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04j3r8z61', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181188550']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'FI', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Seppo Honkapohja', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [' CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute for Economic Research)', ' Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)', 'Aalto University School of Business', 'Bank of Finland, PO Box 160, FI00101 Helsinki, Finland;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Aalto University School of Business', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9927081']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': ' Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140326']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': ' CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute for Economic Research)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1340728805']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Bank of Finland, PO Box 160, FI00101 Helsinki, Finland;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181188550']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.573, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 116, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.99989, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '1', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '421', 'last_page': '449'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10007', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomic Analysis and Policy Implications', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2000', 'display_name': 'General Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10007', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomic Analysis and Policy Implications', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2000', 'display_name': 'General Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12137', 'display_name': 'Existence and Dynamics of Monetary Equilibrium Models', 'score': 0.9968, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11270', 'display_name': 'Econophysics: Complexity in Financial Markets', 'score': 0.9947, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/econophysics', 'display_name': 'Econophysics', 'score': 0.480626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-model', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomic model', 'score': 0.4377552}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96016098', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853949', 'display_name': 'Rational expectations', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8365836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7689972}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112972136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718', 'display_name': 'Stability (learning theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6139825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93959086', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345', 'display_name': 'Model selection', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5689431}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76178495', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784', 'display_name': 'Asset (computer security)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5375938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126285488', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476', 'display_name': 'Monetary policy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4985044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.49661762}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183582576', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783', 'display_name': 'Market liquidity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46841353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81917197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760', 'display_name': 'Selection (genetic algorithm)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4560764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55986821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188791', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomic model', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4377552}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30640465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.27401888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09323093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08963364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.142927', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S196715598', 'display_name': 'Annual Review of Economics', 'issn_l': '1941-1383', 'issn': ['1941-1383', '1941-1391'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320373', 'host_organization_name': 'Annual Reviews', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320373'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Annual Reviews'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/1794/8264', 'pdf_url': 'https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/1794/8264/1/UO-2008-3_Evans_Learn_Macro.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196436', 'display_name': "Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)", 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I181233156', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Oregon', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oregon'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/1794/8264', 'pdf_url': 'https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/1794/8264/1/UO-2008-3_Evans_Learn_Macro.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196436', 'display_name': "Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)", 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I181233156', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Oregon', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181233156'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oregon'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 103, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1490419829', 'https://openalex.org/W1493376445', 'https://openalex.org/W1493457498', 'https://openalex.org/W1524426877', 'https://openalex.org/W1541461269', 'https://openalex.org/W1543696671', 'https://openalex.org/W1563020625', 'https://openalex.org/W1564896820', 'https://openalex.org/W1596632201', 'https://openalex.org/W1606738705', 'https://openalex.org/W1646232852', 'https://openalex.org/W174772358', 'https://openalex.org/W1778451492', 'https://openalex.org/W1954737426', 'https://openalex.org/W1964227313', 'https://openalex.org/W1966463960', 'https://openalex.org/W1969644316', 'https://openalex.org/W1974966439', 'https://openalex.org/W1976537161', 'https://openalex.org/W1988466436', 'https://openalex.org/W1994121926', 'https://openalex.org/W2000216268', 'https://openalex.org/W2003830355', 'https://openalex.org/W2006128341', 'https://openalex.org/W2016851953', 'https://openalex.org/W2020134360', 'https://openalex.org/W2023115304', 'https://openalex.org/W2024005440', 'https://openalex.org/W2032435386', 'https://openalex.org/W2038952157', 'https://openalex.org/W2041691840', 'https://openalex.org/W2047819371', 'https://openalex.org/W2048277194', 'https://openalex.org/W2059199803', 'https://openalex.org/W2066114905', 'https://openalex.org/W2075296878', 'https://openalex.org/W2076319595', 'https://openalex.org/W2078478804', 'https://openalex.org/W2079039632', 'https://openalex.org/W2079200364', 'https://openalex.org/W2087096517', 'https://openalex.org/W2088557802', 'https://openalex.org/W2108228747', 'https://openalex.org/W2111657239', 'https://openalex.org/W2112393202', 'https://openalex.org/W2115236141', 'https://openalex.org/W2119602572', 'https://openalex.org/W2121849922', 'https://openalex.org/W2124914837', 'https://openalex.org/W2125534266', 'https://openalex.org/W2126469786', 'https://openalex.org/W2135422029', 'https://openalex.org/W2140528972', 'https://openalex.org/W2140898820', 'https://openalex.org/W2142449303', 'https://openalex.org/W2144395073', 'https://openalex.org/W2145930759', 'https://openalex.org/W2148929890', 'https://openalex.org/W2152530165', 'https://openalex.org/W2152717893', 'https://openalex.org/W2152895447', 'https://openalex.org/W2157128024', 'https://openalex.org/W2160763275', 'https://openalex.org/W2161654003', 'https://openalex.org/W2163724803', 'https://openalex.org/W2166598069', 'https://openalex.org/W2196189337', 'https://openalex.org/W2272812702', 'https://openalex.org/W3022961351', 'https://openalex.org/W3121304385', 'https://openalex.org/W3121435790', 'https://openalex.org/W3121737450', 'https://openalex.org/W3122506433', 'https://openalex.org/W3122657550', 'https://openalex.org/W3122729673', 'https://openalex.org/W3122966424', 'https://openalex.org/W3123235249', 'https://openalex.org/W3123371500', 'https://openalex.org/W3123472754', 'https://openalex.org/W3123713908', 'https://openalex.org/W3124139771', 'https://openalex.org/W3124461630', 'https://openalex.org/W3124882988', 'https://openalex.org/W3124889570', 'https://openalex.org/W3124909036', 'https://openalex.org/W3125135614', 'https://openalex.org/W3125145374', 'https://openalex.org/W3125234520', 'https://openalex.org/W3125507020', 'https://openalex.org/W3125567817', 'https://openalex.org/W3125728200', 'https://openalex.org/W3125812265', 'https://openalex.org/W3126040801', 'https://openalex.org/W3126044265', 'https://openalex.org/W4205593903', 'https://openalex.org/W4213316410', 'https://openalex.org/W4214811887', 'https://openalex.org/W4243291994', 'https://openalex.org/W4245448900', 'https://openalex.org/W4297990636', 'https://openalex.org/W4312465157', 'https://openalex.org/W4388113914', 'https://openalex.org/W562047033'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4242274585', 'https://openalex.org/W3124753142', 'https://openalex.org/W2765305155', 'https://openalex.org/W2735099164', 'https://openalex.org/W2034386048', 'https://openalex.org/W1984481264', 'https://openalex.org/W1608808279', 'https://openalex.org/W1589352597', 'https://openalex.org/W1533104202', 'https://openalex.org/W1488856506'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Expectations': [0], 'play': [1], 'a': [2, 32, 39, 92], 'central': [3], 'role': [4], 'in': [5, 25, 42], 'modern': [6], 'macroeconomic': [7], 'theories.': [8], 'The': [9, 28], 'econometric': [10], 'learning': [11, 29, 49, 90], 'approach': [12, 30], 'models': [13, 24, 43, 59], 'economic': [14], 'agents': [15, 64], 'as': [16], 'forming': [17], 'expectations': [18, 37], 'by': [19], 'estimating': [20], 'and': [21, 38, 77, 103, 113], 'updating': [22], 'forecasting': [23], 'real': [26], 'time.': [27], 'provides': [31, 50], 'stability': [33, 74], 'test': [34], 'for': [35], 'rational': [36], 'selection': [40], 'criterion': [41], 'with': [44], 'multiple': [45], 'equilibria.': [46], 'In': [47], 'addition,': [48], 'new': [51], 'dynamics': [52], 'if': [53, 58, 63], 'older': [54], 'data': [55], 'are': [56, 60, 96], 'discounted,': [57], 'misspecified,': [61], 'or': [62], 'choose': [65], 'between': [66], 'competing': [67], 'models.': [68], 'This': [69], 'paper': [70], 'describes': [71], 'the': [72, 78, 99], 'expectational': [73], '(E-stability)': [75], 'principle': [76], 'stochastic': [79], 'approximation': [80], 'tools': [81], 'used': [82], 'to': [83, 91], 'assess': [84], 'equilibria': [85], 'under': [86], 'learning.': [87], 'Applications': [88], 'of': [89, 94, 101], 'number': [93], 'areas': [95], 'reviewed,': [97], 'including': [98], 'design': [100], 'monetary': [102], 'fiscal': [104], 'policy,': [105], 'business': [106], 'cycles,': [107], 'self-fulfilling': [108], 'prophecies,': [109], 'hyperinflation,': [110], 'liquidity': [111], 'traps,': [112], 'asset': [114], 'prices.': [115]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2110850594', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 14}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T16:19:55.049746', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}