Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2109691981', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/2.84874', 'title': 'Logical time in distributed computing systems', 'display_name': 'Logical time in distributed computing systems', 'publication_year': 1991, 'publication_date': '1991-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2109691981', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/2.84874', 'mag': '2109691981'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/2.84874', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S178916657', 'display_name': 'Computer', 'issn_l': '0018-9162', 'issn': ['0018-9162', '1558-0814'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320439', 'host_organization_name': 'IEEE Computer Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320439', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['IEEE Computer Society', 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071276579', 'display_name': 'Colin Fidge', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9410-7217'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Fidge', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Queensland Univ., St.Lucia, Qld., Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Queensland Univ., St.Lucia, Qld., Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5071276579'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.625, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 478, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999742, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '24', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '28', 'last_page': '33'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10772', 'display_name': 'Distributed systems and fault tolerance', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1705', 'display_name': 'Computer Networks and Communications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10772', 'display_name': 'Distributed systems and fault tolerance', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1705', 'display_name': 'Computer Networks and Communications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10054', 'display_name': 'Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1708', 'display_name': 'Hardware and Architecture'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10142', 'display_name': 'Formal Methods in Verification', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1703', 'display_name': 'Computational Theory and Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/generality', 'display_name': 'Generality', 'score': 0.8062461}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation', 'display_name': 'Implementation', 'score': 0.5232191}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-conjunction', 'display_name': 'Logical conjunction', 'score': 0.50808024}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8509751}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780767217', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421', 'display_name': 'Generality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8062461}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80444323', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974', 'display_name': 'Theoretical computer science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5722002}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26713055', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962', 'display_name': 'Implementation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5232191}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21847791', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081', 'display_name': 'Logical conjunction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50808024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C45374587', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525', 'display_name': 'Computation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49209112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779662365', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694', 'display_name': 'Event (particle physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4462713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120314980', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634', 'display_name': 'Distributed computing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4029353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38656262}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C542102704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257', 'display_name': 'Psychotherapist', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/2.84874', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S178916657', 'display_name': 'Computer', 'issn_l': '0018-9162', 'issn': ['0018-9162', '1558-0814'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320439', 'host_organization_name': 'IEEE Computer Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320439', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['IEEE Computer Society', 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 11, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1778834138', 'https://openalex.org/W182437327', 'https://openalex.org/W1973943007', 'https://openalex.org/W2063072583', 'https://openalex.org/W2082073570', 'https://openalex.org/W2119182987', 'https://openalex.org/W2165450757', 'https://openalex.org/W2224717973', 'https://openalex.org/W3137220996', 'https://openalex.org/W4301347794', 'https://openalex.org/W4301699230'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4381094582', 'https://openalex.org/W2369625323', 'https://openalex.org/W2364579609', 'https://openalex.org/W2353528968', 'https://openalex.org/W2201908702', 'https://openalex.org/W2045049461', 'https://openalex.org/W2032776242', 'https://openalex.org/W1978893398', 'https://openalex.org/W1977906818', 'https://openalex.org/W1522139108'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'partial': [1], 'ordering': [2], 'of': [3, 15, 33, 47], 'events': [4], 'as': [5], 'defined': [6], 'by': [7], 'their': [8, 60], 'causal': [9], 'relationships,': [10], 'that': [11], 'is,': [12], 'the': [13, 79, 84], 'ability': [14], 'one': [16], 'event': [17], 'to': [18], 'directly,': [19], 'or': [20], 'transitively,': [21], 'affect': [22], 'another': [23], 'is': [24], 'defined.': [25], 'Its': [26], 'generalized': [27], 'and': [28], 'practical': [29], 'implementations': [30], 'in': [31, 82], 'terms': [32], 'partially': [34, 63], 'ordered': [35, 64], 'logical': [36, 65], 'clocks': [37, 41, 66, 85], 'are': [38, 89, 93], 'described.': [39, 90], 'Such': [40], 'can': [42], 'provide': [43], 'a': [44, 55], 'decentralized': [45], 'definition': [46], 'time': [48, 57], 'for': [49, 71], 'distributed': [50], 'computing': [51], 'systems,': [52], 'which': [53, 83], 'lack': [54], 'common': [56], 'base.': [58], 'In': [59], 'full': [61], 'generality,': [62], 'may': [67], 'be': [68, 87], 'impractically': [69], 'expensive': [70], 'long-lived': [72], 'computations.': [73], 'Several': [74], 'possible': [75], 'optimizations,': [76], 'depending': [77], 'on': [78], 'application': [80], 'environment': [81], 'will': [86], 'used,': [88], 'Some': [91], 'applications': [92], 'summarized.<': [94], '<ETX': [95], 'xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"': [96], 'xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>': [97]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109691981', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 16}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-30T01:46:49.419849', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}