Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2108780469', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.19.2.298-314.2006', 'title': 'Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism', 'display_name': 'Laboratory Diagnostics of Botulism', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2108780469', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.19.2.298-314.2006', 'mag': '2108780469', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16614251', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1471988'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.19.2.298-314.2006', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S112662651', 'display_name': 'Clinical Microbiology Reviews', 'issn_l': '0893-8512', 'issn': ['0893-8512', '1070-6305', '1098-6618'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.19.2.298-314.2006', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068288716', 'display_name': 'Miia Lindström', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-7595'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I133731052', 'display_name': 'University of Helsinki', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040af2s02', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Miia Lindström', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029139884', 'display_name': 'Hannu Korkeala', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-1290'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I133731052', 'display_name': 'University of Helsinki', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/040af2s02', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hannu Korkeala', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I133731052']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.588, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 438, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.998058, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '19', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '298', 'last_page': '314'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11274', 'display_name': 'Botulinum Toxin in Neurology and Medicine', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11274', 'display_name': 'Botulinum Toxin in Neurology and Medicine', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12331', 'display_name': 'Genetic Basis of Neuropathies and Related Disorders', 'score': 0.98, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10919', 'display_name': 'Deep Brain Stimulation for Neurological Disorders', 'score': 0.9726, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/botulism', 'display_name': 'Botulism', 'score': 0.9698794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridium-botulinum', 'display_name': 'Clostridium botulinum', 'score': 0.92412484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotoxin', 'display_name': 'Neurotoxin', 'score': 0.8057276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/botulinum-neurotoxin', 'display_name': 'Botulinum neurotoxin', 'score': 0.63829684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridia', 'display_name': 'Clostridia', 'score': 0.6193058}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/botulinum-toxin', 'display_name': 'Botulinum Toxin', 'score': 0.531347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridium-butyricum', 'display_name': 'Clostridium butyricum', 'score': 0.47022057}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779186577', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154865', 'display_name': 'Botulism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9698794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777010668', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131268', 'display_name': 'Clostridium botulinum', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.92412484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780358027', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407752', 'display_name': 'Neurotoxin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8057276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776607351', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592153', 'display_name': 'Clostridiaceae', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.76936734}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777367657', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651', 'display_name': 'Toxin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66017085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2994342964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208413', 'display_name': 'Botulinum neurotoxin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.63829684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.63094765}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778312467', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132809', 'display_name': 'Clostridia', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6193058}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781092032', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327663', 'display_name': 'Clostridium', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5684006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.54308856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777478456', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208413', 'display_name': 'Botulinum toxin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51528764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777261523', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622044', 'display_name': 'Clostridium butyricum', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47022057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3567865}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3329252}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11597544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10510415}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001905', 'descriptor_name': 'Botulinum Toxins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001906', 'descriptor_name': 'Botulism', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001681', 'descriptor_name': 'Biological Assay', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003014', 'descriptor_name': 'Clostridium botulinum', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000145', 'qualifier_name': 'classification', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003470', 'descriptor_name': 'Culture Media', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004797', 'descriptor_name': 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005798', 'descriptor_name': 'Genes, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007223', 'descriptor_name': 'Infant', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016133', 'descriptor_name': 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013045', 'descriptor_name': 'Species Specificity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.19.2.298-314.2006', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S112662651', 'display_name': 'Clinical Microbiology Reviews', 'issn_l': '0893-8512', 'issn': ['0893-8512', '1070-6305', '1098-6618'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1471988', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1471988?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1471988', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.540.7411', 'pdf_url': 'http://cmr.asm.org/content/19/2/298.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16614251', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.19.2.298-314.2006', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S112662651', 'display_name': 'Clinical Microbiology Reviews', 'issn_l': '0893-8512', 'issn': ['0893-8512', '1070-6305', '1098-6618'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.52, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 218, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W113230002', 'https://openalex.org/W125051839', 'https://openalex.org/W1481066501', 'https://openalex.org/W1482153403', 'https://openalex.org/W1485044783', 'https://openalex.org/W1494484587', 'https://openalex.org/W1496662708', 'https://openalex.org/W1506637533', 'https://openalex.org/W1511368171', 'https://openalex.org/W1520164477', 'https://openalex.org/W1520230806', 'https://openalex.org/W1522363366', 'https://openalex.org/W1524577205', 'https://openalex.org/W1527364761', 'https://openalex.org/W1528622602', 'https://openalex.org/W1537773337', 'https://openalex.org/W1540129222', 'https://openalex.org/W1550962096', 'https://openalex.org/W1554006669', 'https://openalex.org/W1557046727', 'https://openalex.org/W1579971143', 'https://openalex.org/W1584818916', 'https://openalex.org/W1587376265', 'https://openalex.org/W1594051571', 'https://openalex.org/W1597608708', 'https://openalex.org/W1602840908', 'https://openalex.org/W1603515696', 'https://openalex.org/W1604243893', 'https://openalex.org/W160666626', 'https://openalex.org/W1657912359', 'https://openalex.org/W1678279805', 'https://openalex.org/W1685462549', 'https://openalex.org/W1696096160', 'https://openalex.org/W1722849304', 'https://openalex.org/W1745738332', 'https://openalex.org/W1747880989', 'https://openalex.org/W1759766575', 'https://openalex.org/W1768451221', 'https://openalex.org/W1781589158', 'https://openalex.org/W1793484320', 'https://openalex.org/W1802770608', 'https://openalex.org/W1805929641', 'https://openalex.org/W182150240', 'https://openalex.org/W1891256335', 'https://openalex.org/W1895154878', 'https://openalex.org/W1899419907', 'https://openalex.org/W1943620681', 'https://openalex.org/W1963743364', 'https://openalex.org/W1964883374', 'https://openalex.org/W1966000269', 'https://openalex.org/W1967782609', 'https://openalex.org/W1969644597', 'https://openalex.org/W1969736019', 'https://openalex.org/W1972163087', 'https://openalex.org/W1972412409', 'https://openalex.org/W1973369980', 'https://openalex.org/W1974785698', 'https://openalex.org/W1978966592', 'https://openalex.org/W1979290516', 'https://openalex.org/W1979375125', 'https://openalex.org/W1979578413', 'https://openalex.org/W1980983388', 'https://openalex.org/W1981573669', 'https://openalex.org/W1987952256', 'https://openalex.org/W1992372005', 'https://openalex.org/W1992553292', 'https://openalex.org/W1992768572', 'https://openalex.org/W1995455671', 'https://openalex.org/W1997752128', 'https://openalex.org/W1998119004', 'https://openalex.org/W2002526276', 'https://openalex.org/W2003808866', 'https://openalex.org/W2003939694', 'https://openalex.org/W2006490581', 'https://openalex.org/W2006992007', 'https://openalex.org/W2007663918', 'https://openalex.org/W2008215934', 'https://openalex.org/W2010512455', 'https://openalex.org/W2011584304', 'https://openalex.org/W2014363565', 'https://openalex.org/W2014384188', 'https://openalex.org/W2014794610', 'https://openalex.org/W2016055700', 'https://openalex.org/W2018654799', 'https://openalex.org/W2019540524', 'https://openalex.org/W2020961056', 'https://openalex.org/W2021232562', 'https://openalex.org/W2021440735', 'https://openalex.org/W2022577215', 'https://openalex.org/W2025917944', 'https://openalex.org/W2027488642', 'https://openalex.org/W2027669690', 'https://openalex.org/W2027679797', 'https://openalex.org/W2027987039', 'https://openalex.org/W2033796656', 'https://openalex.org/W2035358459', 'https://openalex.org/W2035545621', 'https://openalex.org/W2036562107', 'https://openalex.org/W2037019577', 'https://openalex.org/W2038124483', 'https://openalex.org/W2038477730', 'https://openalex.org/W2039443818', 'https://openalex.org/W2043610382', 'https://openalex.org/W2044257939', 'https://openalex.org/W2044737571', 'https://openalex.org/W2045363114', 'https://openalex.org/W2046292547', 'https://openalex.org/W2046605433', 'https://openalex.org/W2050575230', 'https://openalex.org/W2050781047', 'https://openalex.org/W2051033068', 'https://openalex.org/W2053254657', 'https://openalex.org/W2053788527', 'https://openalex.org/W2054832451', 'https://openalex.org/W2058888296', 'https://openalex.org/W2060643562', 'https://openalex.org/W2062186702', 'https://openalex.org/W2062561934', 'https://openalex.org/W2062860187', 'https://openalex.org/W2062913256', 'https://openalex.org/W2063330137', 'https://openalex.org/W2064919452', 'https://openalex.org/W2071881166', 'https://openalex.org/W2075449190', 'https://openalex.org/W2076620275', 'https://openalex.org/W2076954800', 'https://openalex.org/W2077094385', 'https://openalex.org/W2082317013', 'https://openalex.org/W2082663365', 'https://openalex.org/W2083119773', 'https://openalex.org/W2083978706', 'https://openalex.org/W2084706139', 'https://openalex.org/W2084777486', 'https://openalex.org/W2091626146', 'https://openalex.org/W2095989309', 'https://openalex.org/W2097936949', 'https://openalex.org/W2098300875', 'https://openalex.org/W2098806042', 'https://openalex.org/W2099269514', 'https://openalex.org/W2101800856', 'https://openalex.org/W2102028271', 'https://openalex.org/W2102029603', 'https://openalex.org/W2104649869', 'https://openalex.org/W2109062292', 'https://openalex.org/W2109598045', 'https://openalex.org/W2110654017', 'https://openalex.org/W2111772677', 'https://openalex.org/W2112722924', 'https://openalex.org/W2113569765', 'https://openalex.org/W2114014609', 'https://openalex.org/W2115492124', 'https://openalex.org/W2119190073', 'https://openalex.org/W2122082840', 'https://openalex.org/W2122536333', 'https://openalex.org/W2123599153', 'https://openalex.org/W2123769829', 'https://openalex.org/W2124298483', 'https://openalex.org/W2125716307', 'https://openalex.org/W2127251085', 'https://openalex.org/W2128777196', 'https://openalex.org/W2130253849', 'https://openalex.org/W2130852464', 'https://openalex.org/W2131207279', 'https://openalex.org/W2131949225', 'https://openalex.org/W2133522632', 'https://openalex.org/W2133685413', 'https://openalex.org/W2133942914', 'https://openalex.org/W2134430146', 'https://openalex.org/W2134455425', 'https://openalex.org/W2135257774', 'https://openalex.org/W2138400073', 'https://openalex.org/W2138922889', 'https://openalex.org/W2139833179', 'https://openalex.org/W2143978566', 'https://openalex.org/W2149301515', 'https://openalex.org/W2150118590', 'https://openalex.org/W2150590533', 'https://openalex.org/W2150662481', 'https://openalex.org/W2154495521', 'https://openalex.org/W2154828156', 'https://openalex.org/W2158383741', 'https://openalex.org/W2158630153', 'https://openalex.org/W2161229736', 'https://openalex.org/W2161466677', 'https://openalex.org/W2161863335', 'https://openalex.org/W2162191065', 'https://openalex.org/W2167843354', 'https://openalex.org/W2168697817', 'https://openalex.org/W2171114940', 'https://openalex.org/W219413459', 'https://openalex.org/W2202220382', 'https://openalex.org/W2228051588', 'https://openalex.org/W2238229908', 'https://openalex.org/W2288310690', 'https://openalex.org/W2289662067', 'https://openalex.org/W2319440909', 'https://openalex.org/W2321284599', 'https://openalex.org/W2321293767', 'https://openalex.org/W2325220798', 'https://openalex.org/W2338305416', 'https://openalex.org/W2401817456', 'https://openalex.org/W2412644216', 'https://openalex.org/W2413478643', 'https://openalex.org/W2417412664', 'https://openalex.org/W2420604253', 'https://openalex.org/W2435575622', 'https://openalex.org/W2467729337', 'https://openalex.org/W2469017776', 'https://openalex.org/W2474581657', 'https://openalex.org/W2557400930', 'https://openalex.org/W2558763061', 'https://openalex.org/W2559121337', 'https://openalex.org/W2559455215', 'https://openalex.org/W25638546', 'https://openalex.org/W4210859727', 'https://openalex.org/W4247611022', 'https://openalex.org/W4290750757', 'https://openalex.org/W43860223'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4322744234', 'https://openalex.org/W2914210430', 'https://openalex.org/W2427141403', 'https://openalex.org/W2242007459', 'https://openalex.org/W2119127393', 'https://openalex.org/W1996624486', 'https://openalex.org/W1980633505', 'https://openalex.org/W1919239325', 'https://openalex.org/W1695409441', 'https://openalex.org/W1603275927'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'SUMMARY': [0], 'Botulism': [1], 'is': [2, 50, 77], 'a': [3, 25], 'potentially': [4], 'lethal': [5], 'paralytic': [6], 'disease': [7], 'caused': [8], 'by': [9, 24], 'botulinum': [10, 34, 56, 110], 'neurotoxin.': [11], 'Human': [12], 'pathogenic': [13], 'neurotoxins': [14], 'of': [15, 28, 48, 55, 62, 136, 160, 168, 173, 196], 'types': [16], 'A,': [17], 'B,': [18], 'E,': [19], 'and': [20, 37, 41, 85, 103, 114, 117, 134, 147, 171, 187, 193], 'F': [21], 'are': [22, 111, 120, 129], 'produced': [23], 'diverse': [26], 'group': [27, 192], 'anaerobic': [29], 'spore-forming': [30], 'bacteria,': [31], 'including': [32], 'Clostridium': [33, 39, 42], 'groups': [35], 'I': [36], 'II,': [38], 'butyricum,': [40], 'baratii.': [43], 'The': [44, 74, 190], 'routine': [45], 'laboratory': [46, 158], 'diagnostics': [47, 159], 'botulism': [49, 161], 'based': [51, 78], 'on': [52, 79, 101], 'the': [53, 59, 66, 69, 72, 80, 126, 132, 157, 169, 174, 177, 185, 188, 197], 'detection': [54, 76, 133], 'neurotoxin': [57, 75, 127, 146], 'in': [58, 65, 87], 'patient.': [60], 'Detection': [61], 'toxin-producing': [63, 178], 'clostridia': [64], 'patient': [67, 186], 'and/or': [68], 'vehicle': [70], 'confirms': [71], 'diagnosis.': [73], 'mouse': [81], 'lethality': [82], 'assay.': [83], 'Sensitive': [84], 'rapid': [86, 155], 'vitro': [88], 'assays': [89], 'have': [90, 95], 'been': [91, 98], 'developed,': [92, 113], 'but': [93, 139], 'they': [94, 140], 'not': [96, 142, 149], 'yet': [97], 'appropriately': [99], 'validated': [100], 'clinical': [102], 'food': [104], 'matrices.': [105], 'Culture': [106], 'methods': [107], 'for': [108, 131], 'C.': [109, 137], 'poorly': [112], 'efficient': [115], 'isolation': [116], 'identification': [118, 135], 'tools': [119], 'lacking.': [121], 'Molecular': [122], 'techniques': [123], 'targeted': [124], 'to': [125], 'genes': [128], 'ideal': [130], 'botulinum,': [138], 'do': [141], 'detect': [143], 'biologically': [144], 'active': [145], 'should': [148, 162, 180, 199], 'be': [150, 181, 200], 'used': [151], 'alone.': [152], 'Apart': [153], 'from': [154, 184], 'diagnosis,': [156], 'aim': [163], 'at': [164], 'increasing': [165], 'our': [166], 'understanding': [167], 'epidemiology': [170], 'prevention': [172], 'disease.': [175], 'Therefore,': [176], 'organisms': [179], 'routinely': [182], 'isolated': [183], 'vehicle.': [189], 'physiological': [191], 'genetic': [194], 'traits': [195], 'isolates': [198], 'determined.': [201]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2108780469', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 32}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-10T23:26:11.309393', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}