Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2107944221', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/8.402201', 'title': 'Microwave attenuation by realistically distorted raindrops: Part II. Predictions', 'display_name': 'Microwave attenuation by realistically distorted raindrops: Part II. Predictions', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2107944221', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/8.402201', 'mag': '2107944221'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/8.402201', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S85738991', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation', 'issn_l': '0018-926X', 'issn': ['0018-926X', '1558-2221'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320753', 'host_organization_name': 'IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320753'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085986722', 'display_name': 'Le‐Wei Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-0259'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Le-Wei Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Microwave Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Microwave Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108194170', 'display_name': 'P.S. Kooi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Pang-Shyan Kooi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Microwave Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Microwave Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113933644', 'display_name': 'M.S. Leong', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Mook-Seng Leong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Microwave Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore', 'National University of Singapore, Singapore, SG'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National University of Singapore, Singapore, SG', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Microwave Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108277460', 'display_name': 'Tat-Soon Yee', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Tat-Soon Yee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108504016', 'display_name': 'Min-Zhan Gao', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Min-Zhan Gao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Microwave Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Microwave Division, Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.334, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 25, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.637856, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 86, 'max': 87}, 'biblio': {'volume': '43', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '823', 'last_page': '828'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11234', 'display_name': 'Precipitation Measurement and Analysis', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11234', 'display_name': 'Precipitation Measurement and Analysis', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13121', 'display_name': 'Radio Wave Propagation Studies', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12146', 'display_name': 'Power Line Communications and Noise', 'score': 0.9919, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion', 'display_name': 'Distortion (music)', 'score': 0.47610554}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184652730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982', 'display_name': 'Attenuation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9179276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44838205', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995', 'display_name': 'Microwave', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7793402}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110121322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811', 'display_name': 'Distribution (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5526616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191486275', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028', 'display_name': 'Scattering', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54981387}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30475298', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554', 'display_name': 'Computational physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.49206108}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126780896', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871', 'display_name': 'Distortion (music)', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47610554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43195412}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4071879}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153294291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261', 'display_name': 'Meteorology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40666524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62649853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687', 'display_name': 'Remote sensing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3589324}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34635538}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.31174088}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.26862973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.24233535}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2341921}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1626516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07441449}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C194257627', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554', 'display_name': 'Amplifier', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776257435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430', 'display_name': 'Bandwidth (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/8.402201', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S85738991', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation', 'issn_l': '0018-926X', 'issn': ['0018-926X', '1558-2221'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320753', 'host_organization_name': 'IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320753'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.74, 'display_name': 'Climate action', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 15, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1975632925', 'https://openalex.org/W1977728916', 'https://openalex.org/W1982805092', 'https://openalex.org/W2010054375', 'https://openalex.org/W2027479485', 'https://openalex.org/W2053063134', 'https://openalex.org/W2057978013', 'https://openalex.org/W2097682943', 'https://openalex.org/W2099139705', 'https://openalex.org/W2104411940', 'https://openalex.org/W2104982048', 'https://openalex.org/W2150025960', 'https://openalex.org/W2153596831', 'https://openalex.org/W2173031829', 'https://openalex.org/W384968680'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2416230169', 'https://openalex.org/W2377963109', 'https://openalex.org/W2352247021', 'https://openalex.org/W2273182195', 'https://openalex.org/W2186374051', 'https://openalex.org/W2062605435', 'https://openalex.org/W2022279172', 'https://openalex.org/W2003335397', 'https://openalex.org/W1630720736', 'https://openalex.org/W1498268793'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Describes': [0], 'the': [1, 4, 19, 30, 41, 44, 51, 64, 74, 79, 97, 105, 113, 125, 132, 140, 144, 151, 156, 159], 'applications': [2], 'of': [3, 29, 43, 50, 83, 104, 112, 116, 155, 162], 'theoretical': [5], 'results': [6, 146], 'presented': [7], 'in': [8, 37, 119, 170], 'part': [9], 'I': [10], '(see': [11], 'ibid.,': [12], 'vol.43,': [13], 'no.8,': [14], 'p.811-22,': [15], '1995)': [16], 'to': [17, 24, 39], 'calculate': [18], 'specific': [20, 98, 127, 160], 'microwave': [21], 'attenuation': [22, 99, 115, 128, 161], 'due': [23], 'rainfall.': [25], 'The': [26, 48, 86, 108], 'scattering': [27], 'characteristics': [28], 'varying': [31], 'distorted': [32], 'raindrops': [33], 'are': [34, 55, 121], 'first': [35], 'analyzed': [36], 'detail': [38], 'study': [40], 'effects': [42], 'large-scale': [45], 'raindrop': [46, 84, 106, 134], 'distortion.': [47], 'attenuations': [49], 'microwaves': [52, 118, 163], 'by': [53, 72, 130], 'rainfall': [54, 114], 'then': [56], 'computed': [57, 129], 'numerically': [58], 'for': [59], 'two': [60], 'representative': [61], 'regions,': [62], 'i.e.,': [63], 'moderate': [65], 'climatic': [66], 'region': [67, 173], 'and': [68, 78, 143, 153, 167], "Singapore's": [69, 171], 'tropical': [70, 172], 'region,': [71], 'using': [73, 101, 131], 'Marshall-Palmer': [75], '(MP)': [76], 'distribution': [77, 82, 103], 'Singapore': [80, 120], 'local': [81, 133], 'sizes.': [85, 107], 'International': [87], 'Radio': [88], 'Consultative': [89], 'Committee': [90], '(CCIR)': [91], 'recommended': [92], 'model': [93], 'is': [94, 174], 'compared': [95, 123], 'with': [96, 124], 'calculated': [100, 145], 'MP': [102], 'two-year': [109], 'experimental': [110], 'data': [111, 142], 'CW': [117], 'finally': [122], 'predicted': [126], 'size': [135], 'distribution.': [136], 'Good': [137], 'agreement': [138], 'between': [139], 'measured': [141], 'has': [147], 'been': [148], 'achieved': [149], 'demonstrating': [150], 'applicability': [152], 'versatility': [154], 'analyses.': [157], 'Finally,': [158], 'at': [164], '8,': [165], '15,': [166], '30': [168], 'GHz': [169], 'predicted.<': [175], '<ETX': [176], 'xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"': [177], 'xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>': [178]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2107944221', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T22:27:10.064465', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}