Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2107242691', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830130031006', 'title': 'A Linkage Study of Bipolar Illness', 'display_name': 'A Linkage Study of Bipolar Illness', 'publication_year': 1997, 'publication_date': '1997-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2107242691', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830130031006', 'mag': '2107242691', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9006397'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830130031006', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S126359496', 'display_name': 'Archives of General Psychiatry', 'issn_l': '0003-990X', 'issn': ['0003-990X', '1538-3636'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320259', 'host_organization_name': 'American Medical Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320259'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Medical Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5106699556', 'display_name': 'Wade H. Berrettini', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I149251103', 'display_name': 'Thomas Jefferson University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00ysqcn41', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I149251103']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Wade H. Berrettini', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Thomas Jefferson University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Thomas Jefferson University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I149251103']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5106699556'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I149251103'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.831, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 118, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.830798, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '54', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '27', 'last_page': '27'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10261', 'display_name': 'Genetic Associations and Epidemiology', 'score': 0.9856, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10261', 'display_name': 'Genetic Associations and Epidemiology', 'score': 0.9856, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13574', 'display_name': 'Family Support in Illness', 'score': 0.9843, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10854', 'display_name': 'Bipolar Disorder and Treatment', 'score': 0.9763, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage', 'display_name': 'Linkage (software)', 'score': 0.70234406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-illness', 'display_name': 'Bipolar illness', 'score': 0.49331632}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31266012', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340', 'display_name': 'Linkage (software)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.70234406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776174506', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755', 'display_name': 'Bipolar disorder', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5504561}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5019841}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2910604615', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755', 'display_name': 'Bipolar illness', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.49331632}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41448683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23366451}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776809841', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185935', 'display_name': 'Mania', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.12587708}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10786158}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0955013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001714', 'descriptor_name': 'Bipolar Disorder', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008040', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Linkage', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001714', 'descriptor_name': 'Bipolar Disorder', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001714', 'descriptor_name': 'Bipolar Disorder', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002887', 'descriptor_name': 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002887', 'descriptor_name': 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005819', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Markers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020022', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005838', 'descriptor_name': 'Genotype', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008126', 'descriptor_name': 'Lod Score', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008957', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Genetic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010375', 'descriptor_name': 'Pedigree', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012307', 'descriptor_name': 'Risk Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830130031006', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S126359496', 'display_name': 'Archives of General Psychiatry', 'issn_l': '0003-990X', 'issn': ['0003-990X', '1538-3636'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320259', 'host_organization_name': 'American Medical Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320259'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Medical Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9006397', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.86}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 62, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W114714083', 'https://openalex.org/W1482201030', 'https://openalex.org/W1520180280', 'https://openalex.org/W1542836032', 'https://openalex.org/W1548995919', 'https://openalex.org/W1575832933', 'https://openalex.org/W1595251815', 'https://openalex.org/W160329800', 'https://openalex.org/W1907647691', 'https://openalex.org/W1913440066', 'https://openalex.org/W1934905742', 'https://openalex.org/W193590840', 'https://openalex.org/W1948095288', 'https://openalex.org/W1964074039', 'https://openalex.org/W1973523320', 'https://openalex.org/W1976741643', 'https://openalex.org/W1977170740', 'https://openalex.org/W1979420492', 'https://openalex.org/W1983748203', 'https://openalex.org/W1991062093', 'https://openalex.org/W1994595397', 'https://openalex.org/W1996747785', 'https://openalex.org/W1997331575', 'https://openalex.org/W1999805627', 'https://openalex.org/W2000413702', 'https://openalex.org/W2002560522', 'https://openalex.org/W2013978625', 'https://openalex.org/W2014387626', 'https://openalex.org/W2014813076', 'https://openalex.org/W2015985963', 'https://openalex.org/W2017362649', 'https://openalex.org/W2020460543', 'https://openalex.org/W2030534330', 'https://openalex.org/W2033356439', 'https://openalex.org/W2036197580', 'https://openalex.org/W2045897971', 'https://openalex.org/W2052562007', 'https://openalex.org/W2064480919', 'https://openalex.org/W2067093454', 'https://openalex.org/W2072509409', 'https://openalex.org/W2073329195', 'https://openalex.org/W2077168473', 'https://openalex.org/W2090390963', 'https://openalex.org/W2090657055', 'https://openalex.org/W2090740451', 'https://openalex.org/W2090776561', 'https://openalex.org/W2091447263', 'https://openalex.org/W2101989598', 'https://openalex.org/W2123869079', 'https://openalex.org/W2148636100', 'https://openalex.org/W2154145603', 'https://openalex.org/W2327082194', 'https://openalex.org/W2332142174', 'https://openalex.org/W2395834338', 'https://openalex.org/W2406319212', 'https://openalex.org/W2412513373', 'https://openalex.org/W270490582', 'https://openalex.org/W2745380588', 'https://openalex.org/W2772971838', 'https://openalex.org/W3200160465', 'https://openalex.org/W3207591417', 'https://openalex.org/W574768539'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2413275801', 'https://openalex.org/W2410904039', 'https://openalex.org/W2380133040', 'https://openalex.org/W2113040022', 'https://openalex.org/W2094726233', 'https://openalex.org/W2083271262', 'https://openalex.org/W2082317093', 'https://openalex.org/W2063682735', 'https://openalex.org/W1496356160', 'https://openalex.org/W128054216'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'<h3>Background:</h3>': [0], 'Although': [1], 'genetic': [2], 'epidemiological': [3], 'studies': [4], 'of': [5, 22, 31, 46, 61, 117, 146, 164, 230, 234], 'bipolar': [6], '(BP)': [7], 'illness': [8], 'are': [9], 'consistent': [10], 'with': [11, 73, 86, 96], 'a': [12, 39, 93, 104, 110, 197, 222, 248], 'heritable': [13], 'component,': [14], 'inherited': [15], 'risk': [16], 'factors': [17], 'remain': [18], 'unknown.': [19], 'The': [20, 140], 'goal': [21], 'the': [23, 29, 118, 165, 186, 228], 'present': [24, 141], 'study': [25, 45], 'is': [26], 'to': [27, 160], 'describe': [28], 'localization': [30], 'BP': [32, 48, 54, 68, 71, 119, 198, 223, 250], 'susceptibility': [33, 199, 224], 'loci': [34, 166], 'through': [35], 'linkage': [36, 44, 99, 144, 172, 215, 252], 'strategies,': [37], 'including': [38], 'genome-wide': [40], 'search.': [41], '<h3>Methods:</h3>': [42], 'A': [43], '22': [47], 'families': [49, 55], 'has': [50, 243], 'been': [51, 64, 244, 255], 'performed.': [52], 'These': [53], 'include': [56], 'almost': [57], '400': [58], 'persons,': [59], '173': [60], 'whom': [62], 'have': [63, 254], 'diagnosed': [65], 'as': [66], 'having': [67], 'I,': [69], 'schizoaffective,': [70, 113], 'II': [72], 'major': [74], 'depression,': [75], 'or': [76, 88, 109, 114], 'recurrent': [77], 'unipolar': [78], 'illness.': [79], 'Using': [80], 'an': [81], 'autosomal': [82], 'dominant': [83], 'disease': [84, 251], 'model': [85, 95], '85%': [87, 97], '50%': [89], 'age-dependent': [90], 'penetrance,': [91, 98], 'and': [92, 107, 124, 158], 'recessive': [94], 'analyses': [100, 128], 'were': [101, 129, 135], 'performed': [102, 130], 'assuming': [103], 'narrow': [105], '(BP': [106], 'schizoaffective)': [108], 'broad': [111], '(BP,': [112], 'unipolar)': [115], 'definition': [116], 'spectrum.': [120], 'Affected': [121], 'sibling': [122, 208], 'pairs': [123], 'affected': [125, 181, 207], 'pedigree': [126, 182], 'member': [127, 183], 'when': [131], 'positive': [132], 'lod': [133, 174], 'scores': [134], 'observed': [136], 'in': [137, 185, 201], 'multiple': [138], 'pedigrees.': [139], 'article': [142], 'describes': [143], 'analusis': [145], '310': [147], 'DNA': [148], 'markers': [149], 'on': [150], 'chromosomes': [151], '1,': [152], '5p,': [153], '6,': [154], '8,': [155], '10q,': [156], '11q,': [157], '12': [159], '18.': [161, 232], '<h3>Results:</h3>': [162], 'None': [163], 'examined': [167], 'disclosed': [168, 191, 212], 'compelling': [169], 'evidence': [170, 194, 213], 'for': [171, 196, 214], 'using': [173], 'score': [175], 'analyses.': [176], 'Modelindependent': [177], 'analysis': [178, 205], 'by': [179, 206], 'multilocus': [180], 'method': [184, 210], 'pericentromeric': [187], 'chromosome': [188, 231], '18': [189], 'region': [190], 'statistically': [192], 'significant': [193], '(<i>P</i><.0001)': [195], 'gene': [200, 225], 'this': [202, 235], 'region.': [203], 'Multilocus': [204], 'pair': [209], 'also': [211], '(<i>P</i><.00008).': [216], '<h3>Conclusions:</h3>': [217], 'Our': [218], 'results': [219], 'imply': [220], 'that': [221, 247], 'exists': [226], 'near': [227], 'centromere': [229], 'Confirmation': [233], 'finding': [236], '(by': [237], 'independent': [238], 'investigators': [239], 'studying': [240], 'different': [241], 'pedigrees)': [242], 'published,': [245], 'suggesting': [246], 'valid': [249], 'may': [253], 'discovered.': [256]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2107242691', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T21:31:55.985843', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}