Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2107222994', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2003.820314', 'title': 'A Quantitative and Comparative Analysis of Endmember Extraction Algorithms From Hyperspectral Data', 'display_name': 'A Quantitative and Comparative Analysis of Endmember Extraction Algorithms From Hyperspectral Data', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2107222994', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2003.820314', 'mag': '2107222994'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2003.820314', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111326731', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing', 'issn_l': '0196-2892', 'issn': ['0196-2892', '1558-0644'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054292278', 'display_name': 'Antonio Plaza', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-1659'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I80606768', 'display_name': 'Universidad de Extremadura', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0174shg90', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I80606768']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Plaza', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Computer Science Dept., University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Computer Science Dept., University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I80606768']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101537278', 'display_name': 'P. Martinez', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2577-0864'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I80606768', 'display_name': 'Universidad de Extremadura', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0174shg90', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I80606768']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. Martinez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Computer Science Dept., University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Computer Science Dept., University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I80606768']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111783130', 'display_name': 'R. Pérez', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I80606768', 'display_name': 'Universidad de Extremadura', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0174shg90', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I80606768']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Perez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Computer Science Dept., University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Computer Science Dept., University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I80606768']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010624980', 'display_name': 'Javier Plaza', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-9141'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I80606768', 'display_name': 'Universidad de Extremadura', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0174shg90', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I80606768']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Plaza', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Computer Science Dept., University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Computer Science Dept., University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I80606768']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 41.029, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 604, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999723, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '42', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '650', 'last_page': '663'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10689', 'display_name': 'Remote-Sensing Image Classification', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10689', 'display_name': 'Remote-Sensing Image Classification', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12157', 'display_name': 'Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping', 'score': 0.9957, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13890', 'display_name': 'Remote Sensing and Land Use', 'score': 0.9818, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember', 'display_name': 'Endmember', 'score': 0.99267197}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-spectrometer', 'display_name': 'Imaging spectrometer', 'score': 0.6075931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-spectroscopy', 'display_name': 'Imaging Spectroscopy', 'score': 0.454903}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58237817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204', 'display_name': 'Endmember', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.99267197}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159078339', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005', 'display_name': 'Hyperspectral imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.95498645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6692899}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160633673', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198', 'display_name': 'Pixel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6281535}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23690007', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145', 'display_name': 'Radiance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6207707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183852935', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002848', 'display_name': 'Imaging spectrometer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6075931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.59628624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62649853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687', 'display_name': 'Remote sensing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.50586694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158479148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609991', 'display_name': 'Imaging spectroscopy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.454903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44802767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42275015}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33390570', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463', 'display_name': 'Spectrometer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.21066943}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2003.820314', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111326731', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing', 'issn_l': '0196-2892', 'issn': ['0196-2892', '1558-0644'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-03801446', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 26, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1582058549', 'https://openalex.org/W1764128076', 'https://openalex.org/W1989547806', 'https://openalex.org/W2009539575', 'https://openalex.org/W2022470997', 'https://openalex.org/W2030585344', 'https://openalex.org/W2049816125', 'https://openalex.org/W2050027510', 'https://openalex.org/W2069231830', 'https://openalex.org/W2102159812', 'https://openalex.org/W2114486983', 'https://openalex.org/W2117027921', 'https://openalex.org/W2117741752', 'https://openalex.org/W2126045092', 'https://openalex.org/W2127062304', 'https://openalex.org/W2128891479', 'https://openalex.org/W2138519368', 'https://openalex.org/W2143457518', 'https://openalex.org/W2154536501', 'https://openalex.org/W2167479326', 'https://openalex.org/W2170589240', 'https://openalex.org/W2171183134', 'https://openalex.org/W2295820431', 'https://openalex.org/W3139499394', 'https://openalex.org/W4233760599', 'https://openalex.org/W760851603'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3106536224', 'https://openalex.org/W2891033441', 'https://openalex.org/W2890371384', 'https://openalex.org/W2553040330', 'https://openalex.org/W2484085657', 'https://openalex.org/W2412485884', 'https://openalex.org/W2315521504', 'https://openalex.org/W2037328426', 'https://openalex.org/W1995088959', 'https://openalex.org/W1990914742'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Linear': [0], 'spectral': [1, 114, 190], 'unmixing': [2], 'is': [3, 148], 'a': [4, 65, 87, 95, 104, 178], 'commonly': [5, 68], 'accepted': [6, 69], 'approach': [7, 15], 'to': [8, 20, 35, 64, 74, 150], 'mixed-pixel': [9, 175], 'classification': [10], 'in': [11, 121], 'hyperspectral': [12, 61, 136], 'imagery.': [13], 'This': [14], 'involves': [16, 111], 'two': [17], 'steps.': [18], 'First,': [19], 'find': [21], 'spectrally': [22], 'unique': [23], 'signatures': [24], 'of': [25, 42, 67, 98, 154, 160], 'pure': [26], 'ground': [27], 'components,': [28], 'usually': [29], 'known': [30], 'as': [31, 39], 'endmembers,': [32], 'and,': [33], 'second,': [34], 'express': [36], 'mixed': [37], 'pixels': [38], 'linear': [40, 179], 'combinations': [41], 'endmember': [43, 58, 100, 171], 'materials.': [44], 'Over': [45], 'the': [46, 113, 140, 152], 'past': [47], 'years,': [48], 'several': [49], 'algorithms': [50, 102, 119], 'have': [51, 80], 'been': [52, 82], 'developed': [53], 'for': [54], 'autonomous': [55], 'and': [56, 71, 107, 115, 134, 143, 158, 173, 189], 'supervised': [57], 'extraction': [59, 101], 'from': [60], 'data.': [62], 'Due': [63], 'lack': [66], 'data': [70, 137, 162], 'quantitative': [72, 106], 'approaches': [73], 'substantiate': [75], 'new': [76], 'algorithms,': [77], 'available': [78], 'methods': [79, 186], 'not': [81], 'rigorously': [83], 'compared': [84], 'by': [85, 132, 139, 177], 'using': [86, 103], 'unified': [88], 'scheme.': [89], 'In': [90], 'this': [91, 122], 'paper,': [92], 'we': [93], 'present': [94], 'comparative': [96, 108], 'study': [97, 123], 'standard': [99], 'custom-designed': [105], 'framework': [109], 'that': [110, 170], 'both': [112], 'spatial': [116, 188], 'information.': [117], 'The': [118, 166], 'considered': [120], 'represent': [124], 'substantially': [125], 'different': [126], 'design': [127], 'choices.': [128], 'A': [129], 'database': [130], 'formed': [131], 'simulated': [133], 'real': [135], 'collected': [138], 'Airborne': [141], 'Visible': [142], 'Infrared': [144], 'Imaging': [145], 'Spectrometer': [146], '(AVIRIS)': [147], 'used': [149], 'investigate': [151], 'impact': [153], 'noise,': [155], 'mixture': [156, 180], 'complexity,': [157], 'use': [159], 'radiance/reflectance': [161], 'on': [163], 'algorithm': [164], 'performance.': [165], 'results': [167], 'obtained': [168], 'indicate': [169], 'selection': [172], 'subsequent': [174], 'interpretation': [176], 'model': [181], 'are': [182, 192], 'more': [183], 'successful': [184], 'when': [185], 'combining': [187], 'information': [191], 'applied.': [193]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2107222994', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 52}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-10T13:14:04.992476', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}