Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2106968553', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761270', 'title': 'Toward a More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria', 'display_name': 'Toward a More Robust Theory and Measure of Social Presence: Review and Suggested Criteria', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2106968553', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761270', 'mag': '2106968553'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761270', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S975621743', 'display_name': 'PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality', 'issn_l': '1054-7460', 'issn': ['1054-7460', '1531-3263'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315718', 'host_organization_name': 'The MIT Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315718'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The MIT Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020382851', 'display_name': 'Frank Biocca', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I87216513', 'display_name': 'Michigan State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05hs6h993', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I87216513']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802964274', 'display_name': 'Interface (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04nvtmr42', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802964274']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Frank Biocca', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Media Interface & Network Design (MIND) Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Media Interface & Network Design (MIND) Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I87216513', 'https://openalex.org/I2802964274']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059966605', 'display_name': 'Chad Harms', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173911158', 'display_name': 'Iowa State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04rswrd78', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173911158']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chad Harms', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173911158']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084506996', 'display_name': 'Judee K. Burgoon', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5524-3734'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802964274', 'display_name': 'Interface (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04nvtmr42', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802964274']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I138006243', 'display_name': 'University of Arizona', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03m2x1q45', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I138006243']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Judee K. Burgoon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Media Interface & Network Design (MIND) Lab, Human Communication Research Center for the Management of Information, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Media Interface & Network Design (MIND) Lab, Human Communication Research Center for the Management of Information, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802964274', 'https://openalex.org/I138006243']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 42.108, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1647, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999981, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '12', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '456', 'last_page': '480'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10355', 'display_name': 'Impact of Technology on Adolescents', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10355', 'display_name': 'Impact of Technology on Adolescents', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10970', 'display_name': 'Team Dynamics and Performance', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11500', 'display_name': 'Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics', 'score': 0.9849, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2212', 'display_name': 'Ocean Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/scope', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'score': 0.7036885}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/social-theory', 'display_name': 'Social Theory', 'score': 0.44669342}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778012447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7036885}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780009758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172', 'display_name': 'Measure (data warehouse)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67265284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177264268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741', 'display_name': 'Set (abstract data type)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5898345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5072586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41852734', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990987', 'display_name': 'Social theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44669342}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44359478}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3399834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C539667460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942', 'display_name': 'Management science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3371409}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32688302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28305122}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124101348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491', 'display_name': 'Data mining', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17239434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36289849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749', 'display_name': 'Social science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15160778}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08577123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761270', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S975621743', 'display_name': 'PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality', 'issn_l': '1054-7460', 'issn': ['1054-7460', '1531-3263'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315718', 'host_organization_name': 'The MIT Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315718'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The MIT Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'score': 0.77}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 109, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W101316928', 'https://openalex.org/W1483059828', 'https://openalex.org/W1488837022', 'https://openalex.org/W1493099382', 'https://openalex.org/W1495038747', 'https://openalex.org/W1501671793', 'https://openalex.org/W1508239974', 'https://openalex.org/W1517427952', 'https://openalex.org/W1521272813', 'https://openalex.org/W1528101001', 'https://openalex.org/W1546427807', 'https://openalex.org/W1546810491', 'https://openalex.org/W1549884820', 'https://openalex.org/W155786285', 'https://openalex.org/W1560419934', 'https://openalex.org/W1563178652', 'https://openalex.org/W1565544503', 'https://openalex.org/W1571061392', 'https://openalex.org/W157464784', 'https://openalex.org/W1579244507', 'https://openalex.org/W1580235567', 'https://openalex.org/W1599699181', 'https://openalex.org/W1600099874', 'https://openalex.org/W1605601589', 'https://openalex.org/W1612358009', 'https://openalex.org/W1841352775', 'https://openalex.org/W1878261120', 'https://openalex.org/W1898014694', 'https://openalex.org/W1970881825', 'https://openalex.org/W1972416255', 'https://openalex.org/W1978022628', 'https://openalex.org/W1991931057', 'https://openalex.org/W1993760471', 'https://openalex.org/W1994434576', 'https://openalex.org/W1995363876', 'https://openalex.org/W1998390889', 'https://openalex.org/W2003555283', 'https://openalex.org/W2011642048', 'https://openalex.org/W2011743901', 'https://openalex.org/W2012959741', 'https://openalex.org/W2014145152', 'https://openalex.org/W2016646434', 'https://openalex.org/W2018528947', 'https://openalex.org/W2022686186', 'https://openalex.org/W2027581756', 'https://openalex.org/W2032633302', 'https://openalex.org/W2040993216', 'https://openalex.org/W2044025975', 'https://openalex.org/W2044346275', 'https://openalex.org/W2044950274', 'https://openalex.org/W2052775557', 'https://openalex.org/W2054432800', 'https://openalex.org/W2054949948', 'https://openalex.org/W2058300759', 'https://openalex.org/W2064290760', 'https://openalex.org/W2066723368', 'https://openalex.org/W2068470266', 'https://openalex.org/W2069736034', 'https://openalex.org/W2077483039', 'https://openalex.org/W2078226637', 'https://openalex.org/W2078437732', 'https://openalex.org/W2086771214', 'https://openalex.org/W2087906706', 'https://openalex.org/W2092209293', 'https://openalex.org/W2093773293', 'https://openalex.org/W2098572648', 'https://openalex.org/W2099299705', 'https://openalex.org/W2099595601', 'https://openalex.org/W2104899019', 'https://openalex.org/W2111182580', 'https://openalex.org/W2118745571', 'https://openalex.org/W2123612908', 'https://openalex.org/W2126774659', 'https://openalex.org/W2129162329', 'https://openalex.org/W2135996838', 'https://openalex.org/W2136757566', 'https://openalex.org/W2144402479', 'https://openalex.org/W2147437566', 'https://openalex.org/W2149595999', 'https://openalex.org/W2154384880', 'https://openalex.org/W2161569443', 'https://openalex.org/W2163039781', 'https://openalex.org/W216945601', 'https://openalex.org/W2170706253', 'https://openalex.org/W2172074795', 'https://openalex.org/W2178182204', 'https://openalex.org/W2330094990', 'https://openalex.org/W2333584940', 'https://openalex.org/W2335841795', 'https://openalex.org/W2478584450', 'https://openalex.org/W2565632199', 'https://openalex.org/W2576297379', 'https://openalex.org/W2796637200', 'https://openalex.org/W3013011981', 'https://openalex.org/W3020779388', 'https://openalex.org/W3125777138', 'https://openalex.org/W32273122', 'https://openalex.org/W377797317', 'https://openalex.org/W4237521438', 'https://openalex.org/W4255012682', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4299946776', 'https://openalex.org/W60860509', 'https://openalex.org/W610928163', 'https://openalex.org/W622110004', 'https://openalex.org/W649818622', 'https://openalex.org/W86284347', 'https://openalex.org/W89503528', 'https://openalex.org/W96998889'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4280543773', 'https://openalex.org/W4249571711', 'https://openalex.org/W2808360891', 'https://openalex.org/W2387622493', 'https://openalex.org/W2366083136', 'https://openalex.org/W2360028903', 'https://openalex.org/W2357832196', 'https://openalex.org/W2058701578', 'https://openalex.org/W1932132538', 'https://openalex.org/W178231042'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'At': [0], 'a': [1, 12, 98, 101], 'time': [2], 'of': [3, 7, 17, 25, 45, 54, 74, 79, 107], 'increased': [4], 'social': [5, 18, 26, 47, 55, 75, 108], 'usage': [6], 'net': [8], 'and': [9, 14, 35, 41, 49, 61, 68, 72, 81, 93, 95, 105], 'collaborative': [10], 'applications,': [11], 'robust': [13, 103], 'detailed': [15], 'theory': [16, 53, 104], 'presence': [19, 56], 'could': [20], 'contribute': [21], 'to': [22, 33, 86, 96, 100], 'our': [23], 'understanding': [24], 'behavior': [27], 'in': [28, 90], 'mediated': [29], 'environments,': [30], 'allow': [31], 'researchers': [32], 'predict': [34], 'measure': [36, 106], 'differences': [37], 'among': [38], 'media': [39], 'interfaces,': [40], 'guide': [42, 58], 'the': [43], 'design': [44], 'new': [46], 'environments': [48], 'interfaces.': [50], 'A': [51, 77], 'broader': [52], 'can': [57], 'more': [59, 102], 'valid': [60], 'reliable': [62], 'measures.': [63], 'The': [64], 'article': [65], 'reviews,': [66], 'classifies,': [67], 'critiques': [69], 'existing': [70], 'theories': [71, 92], 'measures': [73, 94], 'presence.': [76, 109], 'set': [78], 'criteria': [80], 'scope': [82], 'conditions': [83], 'is': [84], 'proposed': [85], 'help': [87], 'remedy': [88], 'limitations': [89], 'past': [91], 'provide': [97], 'contribution': [99]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106968553', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 163}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 158}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 147}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 147}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 97}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 95}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 77}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 64}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 77}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 85}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 87}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 76}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 78}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T07:07:44.999164', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}