Title: Using Feeding Studies to Test the Efficacy of Dietary Interventions
Abstract: Over 25 years ago, the National High Blood Pressure Education Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute issued its first Task Force report that provided physicians with guidelines for treating high blood pressure ( (1) Joint National Committee, National High Blood Pressure Education Program.Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure a cooperative study. JAMA. 1977; 237: 255-261 Google Scholar ). Although the report mentioned weight control and salt reduction, it emphasized drug therapy for patients with hypertension. Not until the fourth report was published 15 years later, in 1988, were nonpharmacologic and dietary therapies included as adjunctive or definitive therapies in the guidelines ( (2) 1988 Joint National Committee.The 1988 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1988; 148: 1023-1038 Google Scholar ). In 1989, the Diet and Health report from the National Research Council's Committee on Diet and Health comprehensively reviewed the state of knowledge about diet and blood pressure. This report highlighted the important role diet could play in lowering blood pressure ( (3) Committee on Diet and Health, National Research CouncilDiet and Health. Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk. National Academy Press, Washington, DC1989 Google Scholar ). It was clear from the report that the full potential of diet to reduce blood pressure and even prevent high blood pressure was still untapped. Furthermore, inconsistencies emerged between results of epidemiologic observational studies and randomized trials of various nutrients and dietary components. In the observational studies, many nutrients appeared to affect blood pressure, but when the nutrients were tested singly in randomized trials, the effects on blood pressure were inconsistent or inconclusive. Support for DASH was provided by grants HL50968, HL50972, HL50977, HL50981, HL50982, HL02642, RR02635, and RR00722 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the Office of Research on Minority Health, and the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. The DASH Collaborative Research Group, which consists of 4 clinical centers, a coordinating center, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Project Office, is listed below. Especially instrumental in helping the study proceed was the tireless energy of Jeffrey A. Cutler, MD, program director, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, NHLBI, and Jeremiah Stamler, MD, professor, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill, who helped form the conceptual basis for dietary patterns and provided encouragement throughout the formative process of developing the rationale for DASH. The external Protocol Review Committee/Data and Safety Monitoring Board, which was appointed by NHLBI, provided oversight as well as helpful advice throughout the conduct of the trial. Finally, the generous support from food companies who donated their products helped extend the resources of the study. Centers and Individuals: Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Application, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. (sponsor) Colleen M. Brown, Jeffrey A. Cutler, MD; Marguerite A. Evans, MS, RD; Eva Obarzanek, PhD, RD; Michael A. Proschan, PhD; Denise G. Simons-Morton MD, PhD. Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Ore (coordinating center) Nancy Adams; Mikel Aickin, PhD; Gary Ansell; Shirley Craddick, MHA, RD; Luanna Diller; Joyce Downing; Chris Eddy; Denise Ernst, MS, RD; Rebecca Gould; Teri Haswell; Lauren Haworth, MA; Fran Heinith; Jean Jennings; Njeri Karanja, PhD, RD; Pierre A. LaChance, MS; Reesa Laws; Mike Leitch; Lisa Massinger; Gary Miranda; Steve R. Mitchell, PhD; Elizabeth O'Connor, PhD; Kathryn Pearson; Nadia Redmond; Jeanne Reinhardt; Jesse Rice; Carrie Souvanlasy; Martie Sucec; Thomas M. Vogt, MD, MPH (principal investigator [PI]); William M. Vollmer, PhD. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (clinical center) Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH (PI); Pat Bratton; Sue Burns; Benjamin Cabalerro, MD, PhD; Sharon Cappelli; Jeanne Charleston, RN, MSN; Patricia Coleman; Eileen Foley; Shirley George; Brenda Harnish; Charles Harris; SunHa Jee, PhD; Dolores Kaidy; Shirley Kritt; Shiriki Kumanyika, PhD; Evelyn Lashley; Estelle Levitas; Phyllis McCarron, RD; Edgar Miller, MD, PhD; Nadiyah Muhammad; Joseph T. Spence, PhD; Priscilla Steele, MS, RD; Letitia Thomas; Roberta Weiss. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, La (clinical center) George A, Bray, MD (PI); Catherine Champagne, PhD; Staci Crawford, RD; Frank L. Greenway, MD; David W. Harsha, PhD; Jana Ihrig, RN; Betty Kennedy, MS; Eleanor Meador, MS, RN; Debbie Sanford, LPN; Anita Sawyer; Steven Smith, MD; Richard Tulley, PhD; Janaki Vaidyanathan, MS, MT; Marlene M. Windhauser PhD, RD. Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (clinical center) Paul Conlin, MD; Yolanda Courtney; Alnetta Crosby; Dianna Cruz; Linda Jaffe, MD; Sonja Kehney; Marilyn King; Melanie Leonardi; Maureen MacDonald; Marjorie McCullough, MS, RD; Johnny McKnight, MD; Thomas J. Moore, MD (PI); Karen Nauth; Frank Sacks, MD; Janice Sales; Janis Swain, MS, RD; Zaw Than; Juiliana Vocca; Kristen Walsh. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (clinical center) Kathleen Aicher; Jamy Ard, MD; Connie Bales, PhD; Lori Carter-Edwards, PhD; Marc Drezner, MD; Rojulynne Fike; Kimberly Hoben, MPH, RD; LaVerne Johnson-Pruden; Pao-Hwa Lin, PhD; Adele Monroe DVM, PhD; Claudia Plaisted, MS, RD; Patrice Reams; Laura Svetkey, MD, MHS (PI). Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Va (food analysis coordinating center) Holly Botkin; Kenneth Cranker, MS; Robert Harris, MS; Tamaki Kurusu, MS; Rita Lugogo, PhD; Katherine Phillips, PhD; Karen Richardson; Kent K. Stewart, PhD; Maria Teresea Tarrago-Trani, PhD. Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Ore (central laboratory) Anne Marie Dolney; Carol Marsh; David McCarron, MD; Kate Milan; JB Roullet, PhD. Protocol Review Committee/Data and Safety Monitoring Board: Jerome D. Cohen, MD, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo; Patricia J. Elmer, PhD, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; James D. Neaton, PhD, University of Minnesota; Jeremiah Stamler, MD (Chair), Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Phyllis J. Stumbo, PhD, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Jackson T. Wright, MD, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Food Companies: Best Foods, Bay shore, NY; Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, NJ; Coca-Cola Foods Company, Houston, Tex; Comstock Michigan Fruit, Rochester, NY; The Dannon Company, Tarrytown, NY; Dole Food Company, Westlake Village, Calif; H.J. Heinz Company, Pittsburgh, Pa; Harris Teeter Company, Charlotte, NC; Hershey Foods Corporation, Hershey, Pa; Lifelines Technology, Inc, Morris Plains, NJ; McCormick & Company, Inc, Hunt Valley, Md; Nabisco Foods Group, Parsippany, NY; Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc, Lakeville-Middleboro, Mass; Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio; Quaker Oats Company, Barrington, Ill; Ralston Foods, St Louis, Mo; Sunkist Growers, Van Nuys, Calif; Vandenberg Foods, Baltimore, Md; and Wawona Frozen Foods, Clovis, Calif.
Publication Year: 1999
Publication Date: 1999-08-01
Language: en
Type: article
Indexed In: ['crossref', 'pubmed']
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Cited By Count: 15
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