Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2106146278', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(97)00216-9', 'title': 'Aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor', 'display_name': 'Aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor', 'publication_year': 1997, 'publication_date': '1997-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2106146278', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(97)00216-9', 'mag': '2106146278'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(97)00216-9', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S52566953', 'display_name': 'Water Research', 'issn_l': '0043-1354', 'issn': ['0043-1354', '1879-2448'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042726992', 'display_name': 'Eberhard Morgenroth', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-269X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I62916508', 'display_name': 'Technical University of Munich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kkvpp62', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I62916508']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E. Morgenroth', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Water Quality Control and Waste Management, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Water Quality Control and Waste Management, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I62916508']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046522702', 'display_name': 'T. Sherden', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I62916508', 'display_name': 'Technical University of Munich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kkvpp62', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I62916508']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'T. Sherden', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Water Quality Control and Waste Management, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Water Quality Control and Waste Management, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I62916508']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062101644', 'display_name': 'Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0658-4775'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'display_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2c7k09', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M.C.M. Van Loosdrecht', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept. Biochemical Engineering, TU-Delft, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept. Biochemical Engineering, TU-Delft, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090214575', 'display_name': 'Joseph J. Heijnen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'display_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2c7k09', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.J. Heijnen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept. Biochemical Engineering, TU-Delft, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept. Biochemical Engineering, TU-Delft, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109575476', 'display_name': 'Peter A. Wilderer', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I62916508', 'display_name': 'Technical University of Munich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kkvpp62', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I62916508']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P.A. Wilderer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Water Quality Control and Waste Management, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Water Quality Control and Waste Management, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I62916508']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4350, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4350, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.831, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 578, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.956075, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '31', 'issue': '12', 'first_page': '3191', 'last_page': '3194'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10564', 'display_name': 'Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2310', 'display_name': 'Pollution'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10564', 'display_name': 'Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2310', 'display_name': 'Pollution'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10284', 'display_name': 'Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production', 'score': 0.9924, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2215', 'display_name': 'Building and Construction'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10171', 'display_name': 'Biofuel production and bioconversion', 'score': 0.9812, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sequencing-batch-reactor', 'display_name': 'Sequencing batch reactor', 'score': 0.919586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/settling', 'display_name': 'Settling', 'score': 0.868672}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/granule', 'display_name': 'Granule (geology)', 'score': 0.84888756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/settling-time', 'display_name': 'Settling time', 'score': 0.57243615}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sedimentation', 'display_name': 'Sedimentation', 'score': 0.5003357}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/washout', 'display_name': 'Washout', 'score': 0.46933952}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780355613', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341745', 'display_name': 'Sequencing batch reactor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.919586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173209714', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923906', 'display_name': 'Settling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.868672}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49760210', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596727', 'display_name': 'Granule (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.84888756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14781684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983320', 'display_name': 'Settling time', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.57243615}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168170006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864699', 'display_name': 'Bioreactor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54615694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C528095902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886', 'display_name': 'Pulp and paper industry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.52061796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29941650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635485', 'display_name': 'Sedimentation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5003357}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49683574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71839028', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7972627', 'display_name': 'Washout', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46933952}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38910532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38455027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57442070', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275', 'display_name': 'Sewage treatment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.37534484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37444842}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36496544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87717796', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326', 'display_name': 'Environmental engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28469175}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.25623396}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21320835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.06707877}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.062467307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.058408856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133731056', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288', 'display_name': 'Control engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2816523', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180184', 'display_name': 'Sediment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153294291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261', 'display_name': 'Meteorology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160030872', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142864', 'display_name': 'Step response', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(97)00216-9', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S52566953', 'display_name': 'Water Research', 'issn_l': '0043-1354', 'issn': ['0043-1354', '1879-2448'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'score': 0.72, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 19, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W132782648', 'https://openalex.org/W1519404008', 'https://openalex.org/W1531952585', 'https://openalex.org/W1551485273', 'https://openalex.org/W1571992540', 'https://openalex.org/W1607768211', 'https://openalex.org/W1856219842', 'https://openalex.org/W1976942897', 'https://openalex.org/W2030036202', 'https://openalex.org/W2035461945', 'https://openalex.org/W2036105899', 'https://openalex.org/W2041692664', 'https://openalex.org/W2072451883', 'https://openalex.org/W2091620036', 'https://openalex.org/W2099782497', 'https://openalex.org/W244186264', 'https://openalex.org/W2500360483', 'https://openalex.org/W4246803192', 'https://openalex.org/W4250028969'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4389035857', 'https://openalex.org/W4295532992', 'https://openalex.org/W4236062164', 'https://openalex.org/W2970907128', 'https://openalex.org/W2916682542', 'https://openalex.org/W2134585328', 'https://openalex.org/W2124144567', 'https://openalex.org/W2087757064', 'https://openalex.org/W2080005519', 'https://openalex.org/W2024314714'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106146278', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 26}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-20T15:30:40.643489', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}