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1350, 1361, 1379, 1388], 'catching-up': [56], 'regions': [58, 75, 98, 834, 937, 1009, 1017, 1319], 'member': [61, 80], 'states': [62], 'Central': [64, 91], 'Eastern': [66, 93], 'Europe,': [67], 'whereas': [68], 'within': [70], 'driven': [73], 'old': [77], 'Union': [79, 350, 833], 'states.': [81], 'Regions': [82], 'containing': [83], 'capital': [84, 1305, 1331], 'cities': [85, 1332], 'are': [86, 111, 721, 1018, 1068, 1167, 1176, 1226, 1358], 'growing': [87], 'faster,': [88], 'particularly': [89], 'countries,': [95], 'as': [96, 591, 616, 666, 668, 1213, 1228, 1371], 'do': [97, 728], 'with': [99, 105, 732, 804, 867, 1253, 1352], 'large': [101], 'share': [102, 1250], 'workers': [104, 1252], 'higher': [107, 1254], 'education.': [108], 'results': [110, 1090, 1175, 1348], 'when': [113, 1273], 'allowing': [114], 'for': [115, 611, 713, 752, 774, 801, 904, 974, 993, 1000, 1021, 1075, 1108, 1151, 1162, 1169, 1206, 1215, 1283, 1298, 1349, 1378], 'spatial': [116], 'spillovers': [117], 'among': [118], 'regions.Crespo': [120], 'CUARESMA': [121], 'DOPPELHOFER': [123], 'FELDKIRCHER': [126], '欧洲区域经济成长的决定因素,区域研究。本论文使用贝式模型平均法(BMA),在欧洲255个区域的新数据集中,寻找1995至2005年间经济成长的决定要素。研究发现,各国所得的趋同,主要是由中、东欧新成员国区域的追赶所引发;而国家内部的趋同则是由几个资深欧盟成员国所在区域所促动。首都城市所在之区域成长较为快速,尤其对中欧及东欧国家而言是如此;受过高等教育劳工比例较高的区域成长亦较为快速。考虑欧洲区域的空间外溢,以上研究结果是相当坚实的。Crespo': [128], 'et': [133, 182, 211, 251, 771, 811, 1031], 'Les': [136, 234], 'déterminants': [137, 174], 'de': [138, 159, 166, 169, 176, 208, 231, 248, 426, 445, 447, 455, 465, 483, 496, 512, 525, 531, 562, 576], 'la': [139, 151, 177, 187, 215, 453, 463, 480, 497, 563], 'croissance': [140, 178, 564], 'économique': [141, 179], 'dans': [142, 203, 226, 245], 'les': [143, 173, 204, 224, 227, 238, 246, 256, 273, 276], 'régions': [144, 171, 201, 225, 235, 257, 274], "d'Europe,": [145, 172], 'Cet': [148], 'article': [149], 'emploie': [150], 'méthode': [152], 'du': [153], "'Bayesian": [154], 'Model': [155, 314, 558, 567], "Averaging'": [156], 'afin': [158], 'dévoiler,': [160], 'à': [161], 'partir': [162], "d'un": [163], 'nouvel': [164], 'ensemble': [165], 'données': [167], 'auprès': [168], 'fiables': [175], 'entre': [180, 437, 457, 544], '2005.': [183, 326], 'Il': [184], "s'avère": [185], 'que': [186, 214, 452, 479, 518], 'des': [189, 200, 219, 262, 269, 288, 312, 319, 573], 'revenus': [190], 'sur': [191], 'le': [192, 198, 254], 'plan': [193], 'international': [194], 'est': [195, 221], 'dominée': [196], 'par': [197, 223], 'rattrapage': [199], 'situés': [202], 'nouveaux': [205], 'pays': [206, 220, 229, 247], 'membres': [207, 230], "l'Europe": [209, 249], 'centrale': [210, 250], 'orientale,': [212, 252], 'alors': [213], 'au': [217], 'sein': [218], 'pilotée': [222], 'anciens': [228], "l'Union": [232], 'européenne.': [233], 'qui': [236], 'englobent': [237], 'capitales': [239, 503], 'semblent': [240], 'croître': [241], 'plus': [242], 'rapidement,': [243], 'surtout': [244], 'comme': [253], 'fait': [255], 'dotées': [258], "d'une": [259], 'part': [260, 617, 996], 'importante': [261], 'travailleurs': [263], 'qualifiés.': [264], 'Quand': [265], 'on': [266, 692, 954, 966, 1101, 1203], 'tient': [267], 'compte': [268], 'retombées': [270], 'géographiques': [271], 'parmi': [272], 'européennes,': [275], 'résultats': [277], "s'avèrent": [278], 'fiables.Crespo': [279], 'und': [284, 345, 373], 'Determinanten': [287, 318], 'Wirtschaftswachstums': [289, 320], 'europäischen': [291, 306, 399], 'Regionen,': [292], 'In': [295], 'diesem': [296], 'Beitrag': [297], 'ermitteln': [298], 'wir': [299], 'anhand': [300], 'eines': [301, 357], 'neuen': [302, 343], 'Datensatzes': [303], 'von': [304, 323, 336, 359, 385, 395], 'Regionen': [307, 340, 361, 366, 380, 400], 'mit': [308, 367, 381, 387], 'Hilfe': [309], 'der': [310, 339, 348, 362], 'Methode': [311], 'Averaging': [315, 568], 'robuste': [317], 'im': [321], 'Zeitraum': [322], 'bis': [325], 'Wir': [327], 'stellen': [328], 'fest,': [329], 'dass': [330], 'die': [331, 354], 'Einkommenskonvergenz': [332], 'zwischen': [333, 398], 'verschiedenen': [334], 'Ländern': [335, 375], 'einem': [337, 382], 'Aufholen': [338], 'den': [342, 360], 'mittel-': [344, 372], 'osteuropäischen': [346, 374], 'Mitgliedstaaten': [347], 'Europäischen': [349], 'beherrscht': [351], 'wird,': [352], 'während': [353], 'Konvergenz': [355], 'innerhalb': [356], 'Landes': [358], 'alten': [363], 'EU-Mitgliedstaaten': [364], 'ausgeht.': [365], 'Hauptstädten': [368], 'wachsen': [369], 'insbesondere': [370], 'schneller;': [376], 'dasselbe': [377], 'gilt': [378], 'für': [379], 'hohen': [383], 'Anteil': [384], 'Arbeitnehmern': [386], 'Hochschulbildung.': [388], 'Die': [389], 'Ergebnisse': [390], 'sind': [391], 'auch': [392], 'bei': [393], 'Berücksichtigung': [394], 'räumlichen': [396], 'Übertragungen': [397], 'robust.Crespo': [401], 'y': [406, 439, 476, 515], 'Los': [409, 533], 'determinantes': [410, 432], 'del': [411, 434, 581], 'crecimiento': [412, 435, 582], 'económico': [413, 436], 'en': [414, 441, 468, 473, 491, 509, 540], 'las': [415, 466, 489, 519, 545], 'regiones': [416, 449, 467, 490, 501, 520, 546], 'europeas,': [417], 'En': [420], 'este': [421], 'artículo': [422], 'utilizamos': [423], 'los': [424, 431, 458, 469, 484, 492, 510], 'promedios': [425], 'modelo': [427, 577], 'bayesiano': [428], 'para': [429], 'averiguar': [430], 'sólidos': [433, 536], 'un': [442, 522, 528], 'nuevo': [443], 'grupo': [444], 'datos': [446], 'europeas.': [450], 'Observamos': [451], 'convergencia': [454, 464, 481], 'ingresos': [456], 'países': [459, 485, 511], 'está': [460, 486], 'dominada': [461], 'por': [462, 488], 'nuevos': [470], 'Estados': [471, 494], 'miembros': [472, 495], 'Europa': [474, 513], 'central': [475, 514], 'oriental,': [477, 516], 'mientras': [478], 'dentro': [482], 'determinada': [487], 'antiguos': [493], 'Unión': [498], 'Europea.': [499], 'Las': [500], 'con': [502, 521, 527], 'crecen': [504], 'más': [505], 'rápidamente,': [506], 'sobre': [507], 'todo': [508], 'igual': [517], 'alto': [523, 529], 'porcentaje': [524], 'trabajadores': [526], 'nivel': [530], 'estudios.': [532], 'resultados': [534], 'son': [535], 'cuando': [537], 'se': [538], 'tienen': [539], 'cuenta': [541], 'desbordamientos': [542], 'espaciales': [543], 'europeas.KeywordsBayesian': [547], '(BMA)Spatial': [550], 'autoregressive': [551], '(SAR)': [552], 'modelDeterminants': [553], 'growthEuropean': [556], "regionsKeywords贝式模型平均法(BMA)空间条件自回归模型(SAR)经济成长要素欧洲区域Keywords'Bayesian": [557], "Averaging'Modèle": [559], 'auto-régressif': [560], 'géographiqueDéterminants': [561], 'économiqueRégions': [565], 'européennesKeywordsBayesian': [566], '(BMA)Räumliches': [569], 'autoregressives': [570], 'Modell': [571], '(SAR-Modell)Determinanten': [572], 'WirtschaftswachstumsEuropäische': [574], 'RegionenKeywordsPromedios': [575], 'bayesianoModelo': [578], 'autorregresivo': [579], 'espacialDeterminantes': [580], 'económicoRegiones': [583], 'europeasJEL': [584], 'classifications:': [585], 'C11C21O52R11': [586], 'AcknowledgmentsThis': [587], 'was': [589], 'prepared': [590], 'background': [593], 'study': [594, 1028], 'statistical': [597], 'analysis': [598, 751], 'factors': [601], 'regional': [603, 753, 991], 'coordinated': [606], 'Vienna': [609], 'Institute': [610], 'International': [612], 'Economic': [613], 'Studies': [614], '(http://www.wiiw.ac.at)': [615], 'framework': [620], 'project': [623], "'Analysis": [624], 'Main': [627], 'Factors': [628], 'Growth:': [631], 'An': [632], 'In-depth': [633], 'Study': [634], 'Best': [637], 'Worst': [639], 'Performing': [640], "Regions'": [642], '(Contract': [643], 'Number': [644], '2007.CE.16.0.AT.029).': [645], 'Financial': [646], 'support': [647], 'from': [648, 809, 1093, 1311, 1360], 'Community,': [650], 'DG': [651], 'Policy,': [653], 'gratefully': [655], 'acknowledged.': [656], 'authors': [658, 725, 1095, 1362], 'would': [659], 'like': [660], 'thank': [662], 'two': [663, 949], 'anonymous': [664], 'referees;': [665], 'well': [667], 'Carlo': [669], 'Altavilla,': [670], 'Harald': [671], 'Badinger,': [672], 'Roger': [673], 'Bivand,': [674], 'Manfred': [675], 'Fischer,': [676], 'Sylvia': [677], 'Frühwirth-Schnatter,': [678], 'Jim': [679], 'LeSage,': [680], 'Robert': [681], 'Stehrer,': [682], 'Stefan': [683], 'Zeugner': [684], 'participants': [687], 'at': [688, 835], 'WIIW': [690], 'Workshop': [691], 'Growth,': [694], 'CESifo': [695], 'Macro': [696], 'Area': [697], 'Conference,': [698], 'III': [699], 'World': [700], 'Conference': [701], 'Spatial': [703], 'Econometrics': [704, 711], 'Barcelona,': [706], 'Spain;': [707], 'Bergen': [710], 'group': [712], 'helpful': [714], 'comments.': [715], 'opinions': [717], 'this': [719, 1066], 'those': [722, 733], 'alone': [726], 'not': [729, 1019, 1057, 1271, 1296, 1309], 'necessarily': [730], 'coincide': [731], 'Oesterreichische': [736], 'Nationalbank': [737], 'or': [738], 'Commission.NotesBarro': [741], 'Sala-i-Martin': [743, 810], '(2004)': [744, 813], 'give': [745], 'an': [746, 763, 827, 1120, 1353, 1367], 'excellent': [747, 764], 'overview': [748, 828], 'empirical': [750], '(Chapter': [755, 761], '11)': [756], 'cross-sections': [758], '12).For': [762], 'tutorial': [765], 'introduction': [766], 'BMA,': [768], 'see': [769, 783, 839, 849, 926, 1344, 1391], 'Hoeting': [770], 'al.': [772, 812, 1032], '(Citation1999);': [773], 'discussion': [776, 1339], 'both': [778], 'frequentist': [781], 'techniques,': [782], 'survey': [785], '(Citation2008).Raftery': [788], '(Citation1995)': [789], 'also': [790], 'proposed': [791], 'combine': [793], 'BIC': [794], 'weights': [796], 'maximum': [798], 'likelihood': [799], 'estimates': [800], 'selection,': [803], 'method': [806], 'which': [807, 1111], 'differs': [808], 'specification': [816], 'prior': [818, 1103, 1117, 1172, 1182, 1294, 1370, 1377], 'probabilities': [819, 1133], 'over': [820], 'space': [823], 'sampling': [825], 'method.For': [826], 'NUTS-2': [837, 1008], 'level,': [838], 'Commission': [841], '(Citation2008).For': [842], 'textbook': [843], 'discussions': [844], 'SAR': [847], 'model,': [848], 'Anselin': [850, 1345], '(Citation1988)': [851], 'LeSage': [853, 1384, 1392], 'Pace': [855], '(2009).The': [856], 'generalization': [857], 'BMA': [860, 1347], 'strategy': [861, 901], 'here': [862], 'other': [864], 'error': [865], 'structures': [866], 'fixed': [868, 886, 1275], 'effects': [869, 887], 'straightforward': [871], 'after': [872], 'application': [873], 'Frisch–Waugh–Lovell': [876], 'theorem': [877], '(Frisch': [878], 'Waugh,': [880], 'Citation1933).': [881], 'estimation': [883, 931], 'country': [885, 1322], 'can': [888], 'be': [889], 'carried': [890], 'out': [891, 1335], 'estimating': [893], 'using': [896, 1152], 'within-country-transformed': [897], 'data.For': [898], 'modelling': [900], 'allows': [903], 'more': [906, 1326], 'general': [907], 'distribution': [908, 1078], 'regression': [910, 1036], 'errors': [911], 'context': [914], 'uncertainty': [917], 'heteroskedasticity': [919], 'due': [920], 'neglected': [922], 'heterogeneity': [923], 'outliers,': [925], 'Weeks': [929], '(Citation2011).The': [930], 'great-circle': [933, 942], 'distances': [934], '(km)': [935], 'i': [938, 951], 'j.': [940], 'distance': [943, 947], 'shortest': [946], 'points': [950], 'j': [953], 'surface': [956, 968], 'sphere': [959], 'measured': [962], 'along': [963], 'path': [965], 'sphere.See': [971], 'Appendix': [972], 'A': [973, 1026], 'details.The': [975], 'starting': [976], 'year': [977], 'observation': [980], 'period': [981], 'determined': [983], 'lack': [986], 'reliable': [988], 'comparable': [990], 'first': [995, 1136], '1990s': [999], 'CEE': [1001, 1267, 1278], 'countries.Structural': [1002], 'Funds': [1003, 1045], 'programmes': [1004], 'allocating': [1005], 'transfers': [1006], 'associated': [1011], 'classification': [1012], 'into': [1013], 'so-called': [1014], 'Objective': [1015], '1': [1016, 1235], 'considered': [1020], 'obvious': [1022], 'concerns': [1023], 'about': [1024], 'endogeneity.': [1025], 'recent': [1027], 'Becker': [1030], 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'sorted': [1129], 'posterior': [1131, 1191, 1217], 'columns': [1139], 'table': [1142], 'results.Brock': [1144], 'Durlauf': [1146], '(Citation2001)': [1147], 'provided': [1148, 1286], 'decision-theoretic': [1149], 'foundations': [1150], 'such': [1153], 'transformed': [1154, 1165], 'coefficients.': [1155], 'Even': [1156], 'though': [1157], 'particular': [1159], 'cut-off': [1160], 'values': [1161], 'PIPs': [1163], 'coefficients': [1166, 1192, 1205], 'specific': [1168], 'assumed': [1171], 'structure,': [1173], 'alternative': [1179], 'choice': [1180], 'parameters.For': [1183], 'illustration': [1184], 'purposes': [1185], 'smoothed': [1187], 'histogram': [1188, 1200], 'following': [1197], 'figures.': [1198], 'best': [1208], '500': [1209], 'models': [1210], 'serves': [1212], 'approximation': [1214], 'distribution.To': [1218], 'help': [1219], 'reading': [1221], 'maps,': [1223], 'regressors': [1225], 'scaled': [1227, 1261], 'follows.': [1229], 'top': [1231], 'panel': [1232, 1259], 'Fig.': [1234], 'plots': [1236], 'partial': [1238], 'effect': [1239], 'levels': [1242], '(not': [1243], 'log-levels)': [1244], 'initial': [1246], 'income.': [1247], 'Similarly,': [1248], 'education': [1255], 'bottom': [1258], 'factor': [1264], '100.The': [1266], 'dummy': [1268, 1279, 1307], 'variable': [1269], 'identified': [1272], 'including': [1274], 'effects.': [1276], 'consequently': [1281], 'excluded': [1282], 'estimations': [1285], 'Table': [1288], '4,': [1289], 'strong': [1292], 'heredity': [1293], 'employed': [1297], 'linear': [1300], 'interaction': [1301], 'terms.': [1302], 'Furthermore,': [1303], 'city': [1306], 'suffer': [1310], 'identification': [1312], 'problems': [1313], 'since': [1314], 'case': [1316], 'all': [1318], '(when': [1323], 'there': [1324], 'than': [1327], 'one)': [1328], 'national': [1330], 'ruled': [1334], 'definition.For': [1337], 'various': [1341], 'weighting': [1342], 'schemes,': [1343], '(Citation1988).Detailed': [1346], 'setting': [1351], 'enlarged': [1354], 'covariates': [1357], 'request.The': [1364], 'use': [1365], 'inverted': [1368], 'gamma': [1369], 'opposed': [1372], 'employing': [1374], 'diffuse': [1376], 'variance': [1380], 'advocated': [1382], 'Parent': [1386, 1394], '(2007).For': [1387], 'exact': [1389], 'derivation,': [1390], '(2007).': [1395]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2105347261', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T03:52:50.340819', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}