Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2104044056', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12024', 'title': 'Educational Inequality and The Expansion of UK Higher Education', 'display_name': 'Educational Inequality and The Expansion of UK Higher Education', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-10-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2104044056', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12024', 'mag': '2104044056'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12024', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111496547', 'display_name': 'Scottish Journal of Political Economy', 'issn_l': '0036-9292', 'issn': ['0036-9292', '1467-9485'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/17497/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Blanden%2CJ%26Machin%2CS_Educational%20inequality_Blanden_Educational%20Inequality_2014.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5067673418', 'display_name': 'Jo Blanden', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-703X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28290843', 'display_name': 'University of Surrey', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00ks66431', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28290843']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I197518295', 'display_name': 'IZA - Institute of Labor Economics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/029s44460', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I197518295']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'display_name': 'University College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jx3x895', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I909854389', 'display_name': 'London School of Economics and Political Science', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0090zs177', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I909854389']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jo Blanden', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [' IZA Institute of Labor Economics', 'University College London and Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics', 'University of Surrey'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Surrey', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28290843']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': ' IZA Institute of Labor Economics', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I197518295']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'University College London and Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'https://openalex.org/I909854389']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048922901', 'display_name': 'Stephen Machin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8130-2701'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'display_name': 'University College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jx3x895', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I909854389', 'display_name': 'London School of Economics and Political Science', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0090zs177', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I909854389']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephen Machin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University College London and Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University College London and Centre for Economic Performance London School of Economics', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'https://openalex.org/I909854389']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2630, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2630, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.179, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 29, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.951361, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': '60', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '578', 'last_page': '596'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12088', 'display_name': 'Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12088', 'display_name': 'Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10208', 'display_name': 'Labor market dynamics and wage inequality', 'score': 0.9918, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10446', 'display_name': 'Income, Poverty, and Inequality', 'score': 0.9823, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment', 'display_name': 'Educational Attainment', 'score': 0.6178045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-data', 'display_name': 'Longitudinal data', 'score': 0.44968835}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C45555294', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351', 'display_name': 'Inequality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71893543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4249254', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431', 'display_name': 'Demographic economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.64467347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779297142', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412', 'display_name': 'Educational attainment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6178045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.54308194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C513380476', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020', 'display_name': 'Economic inequality', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47545645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3020672099', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354', 'display_name': 'Longitudinal data', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44968835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24877042}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21593583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14866725}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12024', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111496547', 'display_name': 'Scottish Journal of Political Economy', 'issn_l': '0036-9292', 'issn': ['0036-9292', '1467-9485'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/17497/', 'pdf_url': 'http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/17497/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Blanden%2CJ%26Machin%2CS_Educational%20inequality_Blanden_Educational%20Inequality_2014.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/17497/', 'pdf_url': 'http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/17497/1/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Blanden%2CJ%26Machin%2CS_Educational%20inequality_Blanden_Educational%20Inequality_2014.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'No poverty', 'score': 0.73, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 32, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1508865805', 'https://openalex.org/W1518013947', 'https://openalex.org/W1544736791', 'https://openalex.org/W154894500', 'https://openalex.org/W1567922949', 'https://openalex.org/W1601136252', 'https://openalex.org/W1976288917', 'https://openalex.org/W2005211565', 'https://openalex.org/W2048864684', 'https://openalex.org/W2065085545', 'https://openalex.org/W2076596522', 'https://openalex.org/W2086001270', 'https://openalex.org/W2120023941', 'https://openalex.org/W2127195548', 'https://openalex.org/W2151317022', 'https://openalex.org/W2166118034', 'https://openalex.org/W2338393253', 'https://openalex.org/W2479761447', 'https://openalex.org/W2481441569', 'https://openalex.org/W2515227101', 'https://openalex.org/W3121736678', 'https://openalex.org/W3123149315', 'https://openalex.org/W3123187393', 'https://openalex.org/W3123773994', 'https://openalex.org/W3124846654', 'https://openalex.org/W3125253681', 'https://openalex.org/W3150281038', 'https://openalex.org/W369057117', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4301489368', 'https://openalex.org/W593789837', 'https://openalex.org/W624008377'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W641033112', 'https://openalex.org/W3124317723', 'https://openalex.org/W3122784562', 'https://openalex.org/W3009473798', 'https://openalex.org/W2595270028', 'https://openalex.org/W2510564233', 'https://openalex.org/W2484418363', 'https://openalex.org/W2473639422', 'https://openalex.org/W2084840165', 'https://openalex.org/W1554261011'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'In': [1], 'this': [2], 'paper': [3], 'we': [4], 'explore': [5], 'changes': [6], 'over': [7], 'time': [8, 28, 47], 'in': [9, 53, 67, 120], 'higher': [10, 33, 116], 'education': [11, 34, 149, 172, 184], '(': [12], 'HE': [13, 54, 84, 121], ')': [14], 'participation': [15, 55, 134, 150], 'and': [16, 22, 56, 71, 95, 138, 151, 159], 'attainment': [17, 57], 'between': [18, 136], 'people': [19, 92], 'from': [20, 45, 93, 104, 115, 156, 160], 'richer': [21, 94], 'poorer': [23, 96], 'family': [24], 'backgrounds': [25, 118], 'during': [26], 'a': [27, 38, 77, 161], 'period': [29], 'when': [30], 'the': [31, 68, 109, 123, 127, 129, 168, 183], 'UK': [32], 'system': [35], 'expanded': [36], 'at': [37, 179], 'rapid': [39], 'rate.': [40], 'We': [41], 'use': [42], 'longitudinal': [43], 'data': [44], 'three': [46], 'periods': [48], 'to': [49, 65, 132, 145], 'study': [50], 'temporal': [51], 'shifts': [52], 'across': [58, 91], 'parental': [59], 'income': [60, 117, 177], 'groups': [61], 'for': [62, 167], 'children': [63, 103, 114], 'going': [64], 'university': [66], '1970s,': [69], '1980s': [70], '1990s.': [72], 'The': [73], 'key': [74], 'finding': [75, 142], 'is': [76, 143], 'highly': [78], 'policy': [79], 'relevant': [80], 'one,': [81], 'namely': [82], 'that': [83, 111], 'expansion': [85, 125, 130], 'has': [86, 100], 'not': [87], 'been': [88], 'equally': [89], 'distributed': [90], 'backgrounds.': [97], 'Rather,': [98], 'it': [99], 'disproportionately': [101], 'benefited': [102], 'relatively': [105], 'rich': [106, 137], 'families.': [107], 'Despite': [108], 'fact': [110], 'many': [112], 'more': [113, 162], 'participated': [119], 'before': [122], 'recent': [124], 'of': [126, 148, 171, 182], 'system,': [128], 'acted': [131], 'widen': [133], 'gaps': [135], 'poor': [139], 'children.': [140], 'This': [141], 'robust': [144], 'different': [146, 176, 180], 'measures': [147], 'inequality.': [152], 'It': [153], 'also': [154], 'emerges': [155], 'non‐parametric': [157], 'estimations': [158], 'detailed': [163], 'econometric': [164], 'model': [165], 'allowing': [166], 'sequential': [169], 'nature': [170], 'choices': [173], 'with': [174], 'potentially': [175], 'associations': [178], 'stages': [181], 'sequence.': [185]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104044056', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T19:49:03.574049', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}