Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2103965676', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500002', 'title': 'The principles of medical ethics and medical research', 'display_name': 'The principles of medical ethics and medical research', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2103965676', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500002', 'mag': '2103965676', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10089543'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500002', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/hHfdT9XR3BdJsJf3pbWLYXF/?lang=en&format=pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S118474221', 'display_name': 'Cadernos de Saúde Pública', 'issn_l': '0102-311X', 'issn': ['0102-311X', '1678-4464'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310312076', 'host_organization_name': 'Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310312076'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/hHfdT9XR3BdJsJf3pbWLYXF/?lang=en&format=pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038520229', 'display_name': 'John Harris', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0848-3476'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28407311', 'display_name': 'University of Manchester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/027m9bs27', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'John Harris', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Manchester, Manchester, England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Manchester, Manchester, England', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5038520229'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311'], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.746, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 8, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.68367, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 76, 'max': 77}, 'biblio': {'volume': '15', 'issue': 'suppl 1', 'first_page': 'S7', 'last_page': 'S13'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14437', 'display_name': 'Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2735', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14437', 'display_name': 'Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2735', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11537', 'display_name': 'Ethics in medical practice', 'score': 0.9889, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11141', 'display_name': "Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life", 'score': 0.9864, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2735', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-research', 'display_name': 'Medical Research', 'score': 0.80308527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/declaration-of-helsinki', 'display_name': 'Declaration of Helsinki', 'score': 0.73157054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/declaration', 'display_name': 'Declaration', 'score': 0.6073057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/helsinki-declaration', 'display_name': 'Helsinki declaration', 'score': 0.57430947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics', 'display_name': 'Research Ethics', 'score': 0.51455826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/affect', 'display_name': 'Affect', 'score': 0.48560873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics', 'display_name': 'Bioethics', 'score': 0.47755748}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106977388', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2752427', 'display_name': 'Medical research', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.80308527}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775998707', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777473', 'display_name': 'Declaration of Helsinki', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.73157054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138816342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603', 'display_name': 'Public health', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69947016}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138147947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183659', 'display_name': 'Declaration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6073057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2909882984', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777473', 'display_name': 'Helsinki declaration', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.57430947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126086293', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237151', 'display_name': 'Medical ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57007444}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68122502', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764527', 'display_name': 'Informed consent', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5286598}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153997805', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240', 'display_name': 'Research ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51455826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776035688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558', 'display_name': 'Affect (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48560873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188084074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194294', 'display_name': 'Bioethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47755748}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45509645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55587333', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029', 'display_name': 'Engineering ethics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4394027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39500085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.38939324}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39549134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080', 'display_name': 'Public relations', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33102325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3187048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159110408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176', 'display_name': 'Nursing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20505735}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19756827}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15006664}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08881581}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46312422', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024', 'display_name': 'Communication', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004992', 'descriptor_name': 'Ethics, Medical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011634', 'descriptor_name': 'Public Health', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012106', 'descriptor_name': 'Research', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000367', 'descriptor_name': 'Age Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002651', 'descriptor_name': 'Child Advocacy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005820', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Testing', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006381', 'descriptor_name': 'Helsinki Declaration', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006805', 'descriptor_name': 'Human Experimentation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007258', 'descriptor_name': 'Informed Consent', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008607', 'descriptor_name': 'Intellectual Disability', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012935', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Justice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500002', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/hHfdT9XR3BdJsJf3pbWLYXF/?lang=en&format=pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S118474221', 'display_name': 'Cadernos de Saúde Pública', 'issn_l': '0102-311X', 'issn': ['0102-311X', '1678-4464'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310312076', 'host_organization_name': 'Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310312076'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/ac62c5fe403c40dbb662224ee6bc379f', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10089543', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500002', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/hHfdT9XR3BdJsJf3pbWLYXF/?lang=en&format=pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S118474221', 'display_name': 'Cadernos de Saúde Pública', 'issn_l': '0102-311X', 'issn': ['0102-311X', '1678-4464'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310312076', 'host_organization_name': 'Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310312076'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 3, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1971472934', 'https://openalex.org/W2303662707', 'https://openalex.org/W4214879539'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4300568105', 'https://openalex.org/W4234648164', 'https://openalex.org/W2898171198', 'https://openalex.org/W2497277274', 'https://openalex.org/W2350076747', 'https://openalex.org/W2159887358', 'https://openalex.org/W2103023231', 'https://openalex.org/W2099303979', 'https://openalex.org/W2049088765', 'https://openalex.org/W1963784720'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'this': [1, 55, 91], 'paper': [2], 'I': [3, 117, 131], 'discuss': [4, 121], 'the': [5, 8, 18, 38, 48, 51, 67, 88, 103, 137, 146, 158], 'application': [6], 'of': [7, 10, 14, 20, 40, 50, 69, 74, 90, 94, 139, 142, 145, 163], 'principles': [9], 'medical': [11, 15], 'ethics': [12], 'and': [13, 22, 28, 64, 72, 85, 109, 144], 'research': [16, 30, 42, 56, 108, 122], 'to': [17, 26, 29, 97, 120], 'case': [19], 'children': [21, 113], 'others': [23], 'whose': [24, 125], 'consent': [25, 126], 'treatment': [27], 'is': [31, 79, 127], 'problematic.': [32], 'Public': [33], 'health': [34, 49, 61, 83, 99], 'depends': [35], 'substantially': [36], 'on': [37, 54, 87, 112, 119, 123], 'possibility': [39, 68], 'ongoing': [41], 'into': [43], 'all': [44], 'conditions': [45, 78, 116], 'which': [46], 'affect': [47], 'people.': [52], 'Constraints': [53], 'are': [57, 93], 'therefore': [58], 'a': [59], 'public': [60, 82, 98], 'issue.': [62], 'Moreover': [63], 'more': [65, 129], 'importantly': [66], 'predictive': [70, 110], 'testing': [71, 111], 'indeed': [73], 'screening': [75], 'for': [76, 114, 136, 150, 160], 'health-relevant': [77], 'an': [80], 'important': [81], 'tool,': [84], 'limitations': [86], 'use': [89], 'tool': [92], 'great': [95], 'significance': [96], 'medicine.': [100], 'Having': [101], 'considered': [102], 'particular': [104], 'problems': [105], 'created': [106], 'by': [107, 157], 'late-onset': [115], 'go': [118], 'those': [124], 'problematic': [128], 'generally.': [130], 'conclude': [132], 'with': [133], 'radical': [134], 'recommendations': [135], 'reform': [138], 'The': [140], 'Declaration': [141], 'Helsinki': [143], 'International': [147, 161], 'Ethics': [148], 'Guidelines': [149], 'Biomedical': [151], 'Research': [152], 'Involving': [153], 'Human': [154], 'Subjects,': [155], 'prepared': [156], 'Council': [159], 'Organizations': [162], 'Medical': [164], 'Sciences': [165], '(CIOMS).': [166]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2103965676', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T10:11:29.785547', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}