Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2101746372', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701691429', 'title': 'Case studies in outcome-based education', 'display_name': 'Case studies in outcome-based education', 'publication_year': 2007, 'publication_date': '2007-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2101746372', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701691429', 'mag': '2101746372', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18236260'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701691429', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135934248', 'display_name': 'Medical Teacher', 'issn_l': '0142-159X', 'issn': ['0142-159X', '1466-187X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108799903', 'display_name': 'Margery H. Davis', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I177639307', 'display_name': 'University of Dundee', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03h2bxq36', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I177639307']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Margery H. Davis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Dundee, Scotland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Dundee, Scotland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I177639307']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085312341', 'display_name': 'Zubair Amin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-5012'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zubair Amin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National University of Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National University of Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056265052', 'display_name': 'Joseph P. Grande', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-1682'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210125099', 'display_name': 'Mayo Clinic in Arizona', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jp40720', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125099']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Joseph P. Grande', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Mayo Medical School, USA,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mayo Medical School, USA,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210125099']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076483036', 'display_name': 'Angela E. O’Neill', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210125099', 'display_name': 'Mayo Clinic in Arizona', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jp40720', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125099']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Angela E. O’Neill', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Mayo Medical School, USA,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mayo Medical School, USA,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210125099']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019352139', 'display_name': 'Wojciech Pawlina', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210125099', 'display_name': 'Mayo Clinic in Arizona', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jp40720', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125099']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wojciech Pawlina', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Mayo Medical School, USA,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mayo Medical School, USA,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210125099']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109337963', 'display_name': 'Thomas R. Viggiano', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210125099', 'display_name': 'Mayo Clinic in Arizona', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jp40720', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1330342723', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125099']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas R. Viggiano', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Mayo Medical School, USA,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Mayo Medical School, USA,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210125099']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109409112', 'display_name': 'Rukhsana W. Zuberi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118185606', 'display_name': 'Aga Khan University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03gd0dm95', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118185606', 'https://openalex.org/I4210114929']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rukhsana Zuberi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Aga Khan University, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Aga Khan University, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I118185606']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.012, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 57, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.964136, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '29', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': '717', 'last_page': '722'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10254', 'display_name': 'Innovations in Medical Education', 'score': 0.9876, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10254', 'display_name': 'Innovations in Medical Education', 'score': 0.9876, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11299', 'display_name': 'Problem and Project Based Learning', 'score': 0.9497, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11715', 'display_name': 'Education and Critical Thinking Development', 'score': 0.949, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148220186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912', 'display_name': 'Outcome (game theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5827253}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C509550671', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945', 'display_name': 'Medical education', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4591005}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43123892}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779473830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899', 'display_name': 'MEDLINE', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41252553}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35864216}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.27214336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.114705116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144237770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534', 'display_name': 'Mathematical economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003162', 'descriptor_name': 'Competency-Based Education', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003479', 'descriptor_name': 'Curriculum', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004501', 'descriptor_name': 'Education, Medical', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017145', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Educational', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011361', 'descriptor_name': 'Professional Competence', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003162', 'descriptor_name': 'Competency-Based Education', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000639', 'qualifier_name': 'trends', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003162', 'descriptor_name': 'Competency-Based Education', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003162', 'descriptor_name': 'Competency-Based Education', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003226', 'descriptor_name': 'Congresses as Topic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004501', 'descriptor_name': 'Education, Medical', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000639', 'qualifier_name': 'trends', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004501', 'descriptor_name': 'Education, Medical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D038622', 'descriptor_name': 'Internationality', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019982', 'descriptor_name': 'Organizational Case Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010154', 'descriptor_name': 'Pakistan', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011361', 'descriptor_name': 'Professional Competence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012577', 'descriptor_name': 'Schools, Medical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012606', 'descriptor_name': 'Scotland', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012846', 'descriptor_name': 'Singapore', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701691429', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135934248', 'display_name': 'Medical Teacher', 'issn_l': '0142-159X', 'issn': ['0142-159X', '1466-187X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18236260', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.48, 'display_name': 'Quality education', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 25, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W104910981', 'https://openalex.org/W1980740349', 'https://openalex.org/W1982068557', 'https://openalex.org/W2037715384', 'https://openalex.org/W2044487099', 'https://openalex.org/W2049601923', 'https://openalex.org/W2052685256', 'https://openalex.org/W2082044286', 'https://openalex.org/W2084778079', 'https://openalex.org/W2087871038', 'https://openalex.org/W2119730590', 'https://openalex.org/W2135449320', 'https://openalex.org/W2137261497', 'https://openalex.org/W2142987028', 'https://openalex.org/W2150472544', 'https://openalex.org/W2151193840', 'https://openalex.org/W2152253036', 'https://openalex.org/W2153922164', 'https://openalex.org/W2156093718', 'https://openalex.org/W2156772062', 'https://openalex.org/W2161017006', 'https://openalex.org/W3211572759', 'https://openalex.org/W4213276201', 'https://openalex.org/W4239220386', 'https://openalex.org/W4253451805'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4391375266', 'https://openalex.org/W4389568370', 'https://openalex.org/W3108674512', 'https://openalex.org/W3032375762', 'https://openalex.org/W3031052312', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2080531066', 'https://openalex.org/W1995515455', 'https://openalex.org/W1506200166'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Outcome-based': [0], 'education': [1, 12, 24, 83], 'is': [2, 84, 96], 'one': [3], 'of': [4, 22, 31, 65], 'the': [5, 32, 55, 66, 73, 99, 108, 111], 'most': [6], 'significant': [7], 'global': [8, 104], 'developments': [9], 'in': [10, 13, 28, 45, 72, 119], 'medical': [11, 26, 78], 'recent': [14], 'years.': [15], 'This': [16, 94], 'paper': [17, 95], 'presents': [18], 'four': [19], 'case': [20], 'studies': [21], 'outcome-based': [23, 40, 67, 82], 'from': [25], 'schools': [27], 'different': [29], 'parts': [30], 'world;': [33], 'Scotland;': [34], 'USA;': [35], 'Pakistan;': [36], 'and': [37, 63, 86], 'Singapore.': [38], 'The': [39, 59], 'curricula': [41], 'have': [42], 'either': [43], 'been': [44], 'place': [46], 'for': [47, 89], 'some': [48], 'time,': [49], 'are': [50, 53, 69, 92], 'evolving': [51], 'or': [52], 'at': [54, 110], 'planning': [56], 'proposal': [57], 'stage.': [58], 'outcomes,': [60], 'change': [61], 'process': [62], 'implementation': [64, 91], 'approach': [68], 'described.': [70], 'Variation': [71], 'extent': [74], 'to': [75], 'which': [76], 'each': [77], 'school': [79], 'has': [80], 'implemented': [81], 'discussed': [85], 'key': [87], 'points': [88], 'successful': [90], 'highlighted.': [93], 'based': [97], 'on': [98], 'pre-conference': [100], 'symposium': [101], '"outcome-based': [102], 'curricula:': [103], 'perspectives"': [105], 'presented': [106], 'by': [107], 'authors': [109], '4th': [112], 'Asia': [113], 'Pacific': [114], 'Medical': [115], 'Education': [116], 'Conference': [117], '(APMEC)': [118], 'Singapore,': [120], '8–11': [121], 'February,': [122], '2007.': [123]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2101746372', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T22:42:59.931602', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}