Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2101636799', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2013.800636', 'title': "Edgar Dale's<i>Pyramid of Learning</i>in medical education: A literature review", 'display_name': "Edgar Dale's<i>Pyramid of Learning</i>in medical education: A literature review", 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-06-11', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2101636799', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2013.800636', 'mag': '2101636799', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23758180'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2013.800636', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/0142159X.2013.800636?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135934248', 'display_name': 'Medical Teacher', 'issn_l': '0142-159X', 'issn': ['0142-159X', '1466-187X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/0142159X.2013.800636?needAccess=true', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103249865', 'display_name': 'Ken Masters', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3425-5020'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47818738', 'display_name': 'Sultan Qaboos University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04wq8zb47', 'country_code': 'OM', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47818738']}], 'countries': ['OM'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ken Masters', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Ken Masters (FDE, PhD) teaches in the Medical Education and Informatics Unit, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. His research interests are medical education and teaching medical informatics. He is the co-author of AMEE Guide No. 32 e-Learning in Medical Education.', 'Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Ken Masters (FDE, PhD) teaches in the Medical Education and Informatics Unit, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. His research interests are medical education and teaching medical informatics. He is the co-author of AMEE Guide No. 32 e-Learning in Medical Education.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47818738']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47818738']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5103249865'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47818738'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.766, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 127, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.715045, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '35', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': 'e1584', 'last_page': 'e1593'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10254', 'display_name': 'Innovations in Medical Education', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10254', 'display_name': 'Innovations in Medical Education', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12574', 'display_name': 'Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2714', 'display_name': 'Family Practice'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11894', 'display_name': 'Radiology practices and education', 'score': 0.9928, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cinahl', 'display_name': 'CINAHL', 'score': 0.76935214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid', 'display_name': 'Pyramid (geometry)', 'score': 0.75476795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-literature', 'display_name': 'Medical literature', 'score': 0.48377416}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781145037', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772', 'display_name': 'CINAHL', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.76935214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142575187', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290', 'display_name': 'Pyramid (geometry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75476795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779231881', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977147', 'display_name': 'Medical literature', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48377416}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44425914}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779473830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899', 'display_name': 'MEDLINE', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4263876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C509550671', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945', 'display_name': 'Medical education', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42611635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32173258}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27415008', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382', 'display_name': 'Psychological intervention', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14306465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.119892836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07186967}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06939018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004501', 'descriptor_name': 'Education, Medical', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000458', 'qualifier_name': 'organization & administration', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007858', 'descriptor_name': 'Learning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008960', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Psychological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013663', 'descriptor_name': 'Teaching', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004501', 'descriptor_name': 'Education, Medical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2013.800636', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/0142159X.2013.800636?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135934248', 'display_name': 'Medical Teacher', 'issn_l': '0142-159X', 'issn': ['0142-159X', '1466-187X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23758180', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2013.800636', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/0142159X.2013.800636?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S135934248', 'display_name': 'Medical Teacher', 'issn_l': '0142-159X', 'issn': ['0142-159X', '1466-187X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4', 'display_name': 'Quality education', 'score': 0.86}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 77, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1503043973', 'https://openalex.org/W1506033615', 'https://openalex.org/W1513334036', 'https://openalex.org/W1587662083', 'https://openalex.org/W1608774410', 'https://openalex.org/W1967667406', 'https://openalex.org/W1968451525', 'https://openalex.org/W1970750995', 'https://openalex.org/W1974864183', 'https://openalex.org/W1985231913', 'https://openalex.org/W1988396766', 'https://openalex.org/W1988799198', 'https://openalex.org/W1989718378', 'https://openalex.org/W1995491157', 'https://openalex.org/W1997613703', 'https://openalex.org/W2000074320', 'https://openalex.org/W2002523628', 'https://openalex.org/W2003039125', 'https://openalex.org/W2004599511', 'https://openalex.org/W2004653920', 'https://openalex.org/W2006585330', 'https://openalex.org/W2007995347', 'https://openalex.org/W2008232155', 'https://openalex.org/W2009375846', 'https://openalex.org/W2015339112', 'https://openalex.org/W2022827693', 'https://openalex.org/W2022937243', 'https://openalex.org/W2029076468', 'https://openalex.org/W2032542163', 'https://openalex.org/W2032805257', 'https://openalex.org/W2033335371', 'https://openalex.org/W2049750859', 'https://openalex.org/W2063227655', 'https://openalex.org/W2069072548', 'https://openalex.org/W2070140916', 'https://openalex.org/W2074874495', 'https://openalex.org/W2079708261', 'https://openalex.org/W2080467464', 'https://openalex.org/W2090211354', 'https://openalex.org/W2094141611', 'https://openalex.org/W2095796801', 'https://openalex.org/W2096673245', 'https://openalex.org/W2099435590', 'https://openalex.org/W2103333881', 'https://openalex.org/W2104938437', 'https://openalex.org/W2107517953', 'https://openalex.org/W2115790717', 'https://openalex.org/W2116370471', 'https://openalex.org/W2117486197', 'https://openalex.org/W2118065763', 'https://openalex.org/W2119047953', 'https://openalex.org/W2121965678', 'https://openalex.org/W2124355949', 'https://openalex.org/W2137982962', 'https://openalex.org/W2142539020', 'https://openalex.org/W2153090965', 'https://openalex.org/W2154044654', 'https://openalex.org/W2159672347', 'https://openalex.org/W2164019015', 'https://openalex.org/W2167048104', 'https://openalex.org/W2167439563', 'https://openalex.org/W2185043566', 'https://openalex.org/W2217723313', 'https://openalex.org/W2313931900', 'https://openalex.org/W2409127105', 'https://openalex.org/W2473004108', 'https://openalex.org/W2486771336', 'https://openalex.org/W27354452', 'https://openalex.org/W33894033', 'https://openalex.org/W4237806002', 'https://openalex.org/W4250196773', 'https://openalex.org/W4252849654', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4298921075', 'https://openalex.org/W45827197', 'https://openalex.org/W626721381', 'https://openalex.org/W71650338'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3112832253', 'https://openalex.org/W2996791236', 'https://openalex.org/W2766839180', 'https://openalex.org/W2561905085', 'https://openalex.org/W2164143189', 'https://openalex.org/W2105116477', 'https://openalex.org/W2093949750', 'https://openalex.org/W2069214859', 'https://openalex.org/W2013326109', 'https://openalex.org/W1999383655'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Edgar': [0], "Dale's": [1], 'Pyramid': [2, 33, 139, 189], 'of': [3, 7, 18, 22, 47, 70, 94, 103, 124, 129, 137, 156, 170, 175], 'Learning': [4], 'and': [5, 34, 60, 77, 140, 150, 160, 173], 'percentages': [6, 123, 143], 'retained': [8], 'learning': [9, 125], 'are': [10, 26], 'cited': [11, 41], 'in': [12, 15, 42, 127, 144], 'educational': [13], 'literature': [14, 48, 147], 'a': [16, 52], 'range': [17], 'disciplines.': [19], 'The': [20], 'sources': [21], 'the': [23, 29, 32, 35, 95, 101, 122, 138, 157, 168, 188], 'Pyramid,': [24], 'however,': [25], 'misleading.To': [27], 'examine': [28], 'evidence': [30], 'supporting': [31], 'extent': [36], 'to': [37, 66, 187], 'which': [38], 'it': [39], 'is': [40, 148, 179], 'medical': [43, 73, 145, 164], 'education': [44, 74, 146, 165], 'literature.A': [45], 'review': [46], '(1946-2012)': [49], 'based': [50], 'on': [51, 121, 162], 'search': [53], 'utilising': [54], 'Academic': [55], 'Search': [56], 'Complete,': [57], 'CINAHL,': [58], 'Medline': [59], 'Google': [61], 'Scholar': [62], 'conducted': [63], 'from': [64, 177], 'September': [65], 'November': [67], '2012.A': [68], 'total': [69], '43': [71], 'peer-reviewed': [72], 'journal': [75], 'articles': [76], 'conference': [78], 'papers': [79], 'were': [80], 'found.': [81], 'While': [82, 167], 'some': [83], 'researchers': [84], 'had': [85, 106, 110], 'been': [86], 'misled': [87], 'by': [88], 'their': [89], 'sources,': [90], 'other': [91], "authors'": [92], 'interpretations': [93], 'citations': [96], 'did': [97], 'not': [98], 'align': [99], 'with': [100], 'content': [102], 'those': [104], 'citations,': [105, 109], 'no': [107, 119], 'such': [108], 'circular': [111], 'references,': [112], 'or': [113], 'consulted': [114], 'questionable': [115], 'sources.': [116], 'There': [117], 'was': [118], 'agreement': [120], 'retention,': [126], 'spite': [128], 'many': [130], "researchers'": [131], 'citing': [132, 136, 153], 'primary': [133], 'texts.The': [134], 'inappropriate': [135], 'its': [141], 'associated': [142], 'widespread': [149], 'continuous.': [151], 'This': [152], 'undermines': [154], 'much': [155], 'published': [158], 'work,': [159], 'impacts': [161], 'research-based': [163], 'literature.': [166], 'area': [169, 181], 'learning/teaching': [171], 'strategies': [172], 'amount': [174], 'retention': [176], 'each': [178], 'an': [180], 'for': [182], 'future': [183], 'research,': [184], 'any': [185], 'reference': [186], 'should': [190], 'be': [191], 'avoided.': [192]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2101636799', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-07T17:01:14.321023', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}