Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2101067118', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'title': 'Variable flip angle T<sub>1</sub> mapping in the human brain with reduced t<sub>2</sub> sensitivity using fast radiofrequency-spoiled gradient echo imaging', 'display_name': 'Variable flip angle T<sub>1</sub> mapping in the human brain with reduced t<sub>2</sub> sensitivity using fast radiofrequency-spoiled gradient echo imaging', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-05-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2101067118', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'mag': '2101067118', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25980525'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111160002', 'display_name': 'Magnetic Resonance in Medicine', 'issn_l': '0740-3194', 'issn': ['0740-3194', '1522-2594'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015693836', 'display_name': 'Rahel Heule', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-6483'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802542264', 'display_name': 'University Hospital of Basel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04k51q396', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802542264']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1850255', 'display_name': 'University of Basel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02s6k3f65', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1850255']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Rahel Heule', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802542264', 'https://openalex.org/I1850255']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023149101', 'display_name': 'Carl Ganter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-7448'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802619606', 'display_name': 'Klinikum rechts der Isar', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04jc43x05', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802619606', 'https://openalex.org/I62916508']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I62916508', 'display_name': 'Technical University of Munich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kkvpp62', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I62916508']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Carl Ganter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Radiology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802619606', 'https://openalex.org/I62916508']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062181301', 'display_name': 'Oliver Bieri', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-5495'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802542264', 'display_name': 'University Hospital of Basel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04k51q396', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802542264']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1850255', 'display_name': 'University of Basel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02s6k3f65', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1850255']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Oliver Bieri', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802542264', 'https://openalex.org/I1850255']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5015693836'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802542264', 'https://openalex.org/I1850255'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.43, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 28, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999951, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '75', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '1413', 'last_page': '1422'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10378', 'display_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications in Medicine', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10378', 'display_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications in Medicine', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11304', 'display_name': 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11809', 'display_name': 'NMR Spectroscopy Techniques', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1607', 'display_name': 'Spectroscopy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/flip-angle', 'display_name': 'Flip angle', 'score': 0.9522903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-echo', 'display_name': 'Gradient echo', 'score': 0.61735475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/susceptibility-weighted-imaging', 'display_name': 'Susceptibility Weighted Imaging', 'score': 0.545948}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-susceptibility-mapping', 'display_name': 'Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping', 'score': 0.523724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/axonal-tracking', 'display_name': 'Axonal Tracking', 'score': 0.508616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging', 'display_name': 'Neuroimaging', 'score': 0.506394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/perfusion-imaging', 'display_name': 'Perfusion Imaging', 'score': 0.50199}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/human-brain', 'display_name': 'Human brain', 'score': 0.47378442}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/signal', 'display_name': 'SIGNAL (programming language)', 'score': 0.4149572}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28396438', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459677', 'display_name': 'Flip angle', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9522903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73286259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310885', 'display_name': 'Relaxometry', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.82043743}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3019323268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48790829', 'display_name': 'Gradient echo', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61735475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46141821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402', 'display_name': 'Nuclear magnetic resonance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55905145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104293457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852', 'display_name': 'Imaging phantom', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52332544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155512373', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450', 'display_name': 'Residual', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4886225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777670902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038', 'display_name': 'Human brain', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47378442}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143409427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238', 'display_name': 'Magnetic resonance imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44984764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779843651', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335', 'display_name': 'SIGNAL (programming language)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4149572}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38809568}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83042744', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904043', 'display_name': 'Spin echo', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.33951277}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.30218554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22822168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14053357}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12672794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07970977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D021621', 'descriptor_name': 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003198', 'descriptor_name': 'Computer Simulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D021621', 'descriptor_name': 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111160002', 'display_name': 'Magnetic Resonance in Medicine', 'issn_l': '0740-3194', 'issn': ['0740-3194', '1522-2594'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25980525', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/mrm.25668', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111160002', 'display_name': 'Magnetic Resonance in Medicine', 'issn_l': '0740-3194', 'issn': ['0740-3194', '1522-2594'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320924', 'funder_display_name': 'Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung', 'award_id': 'SNF 325230-153332'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 40, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1527054045', 'https://openalex.org/W1767855133', 'https://openalex.org/W1963427860', 'https://openalex.org/W1964570939', 'https://openalex.org/W1965348075', 'https://openalex.org/W1966264881', 'https://openalex.org/W1972990545', 'https://openalex.org/W1979891980', 'https://openalex.org/W1982536610', 'https://openalex.org/W1986382203', 'https://openalex.org/W1995773861', 'https://openalex.org/W2004846408', 'https://openalex.org/W2004979410', 'https://openalex.org/W2006096283', 'https://openalex.org/W2008704739', 'https://openalex.org/W2009117415', 'https://openalex.org/W2019190989', 'https://openalex.org/W2022514814', 'https://openalex.org/W2024976236', 'https://openalex.org/W2027347323', 'https://openalex.org/W2028315344', 'https://openalex.org/W2032216596', 'https://openalex.org/W2036559773', 'https://openalex.org/W2059956024', 'https://openalex.org/W2084593331', 'https://openalex.org/W2087989278', 'https://openalex.org/W2088698127', 'https://openalex.org/W2110553599', 'https://openalex.org/W2117140276', 'https://openalex.org/W2139416445', 'https://openalex.org/W2142585416', 'https://openalex.org/W2145945239', 'https://openalex.org/W2151316519', 'https://openalex.org/W2151682263', 'https://openalex.org/W2152572524', 'https://openalex.org/W2152732392', 'https://openalex.org/W2161458861', 'https://openalex.org/W2162104089', 'https://openalex.org/W4239146293', 'https://openalex.org/W4249760918'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3164200372', 'https://openalex.org/W2537870725', 'https://openalex.org/W2101067118', 'https://openalex.org/W2053923186', 'https://openalex.org/W2030929057', 'https://openalex.org/W1967223471', 'https://openalex.org/W1927753009', 'https://openalex.org/W1820355260', 'https://openalex.org/W1769463417', 'https://openalex.org/W1767855133'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Purpose': [0], 'Variable': [1], 'flip': [2, 77], 'angle': [3], '(VFA)': [4], 'T': [5, 22, 32, 42, 54, 59, 93, 96, 125, 129, 138, 149, 172, 179], '1': [6, 23, 33, 60, 97, 126, 150, 180], 'quantification': [7], 'using': [8, 79, 135], 'three‐dimensional': [9], '(3D)': [10], 'radiofrequency': [11], '(RF)': [12], 'spoiled': [13, 69], 'gradient': [14, 70], 'echo': [15, 71], 'imaging': [16, 108], 'offers': [17], 'the': [18, 64, 84, 110, 121, 175, 183, 197], 'acquisition': [19], 'of': [20, 67, 109, 123, 177, 201], 'whole‐brain': [21], 'maps': [24], 'in': [25, 88, 104, 152, 159, 182], 'clinically': [26], 'acceptable': [27], 'times.': [28], 'However,': [29], 'conventional': [30, 192], 'VFA': [31, 124, 178], 'relaxometry': [34, 181], 'is': [35, 49, 61, 99], 'biased': [36], 'by': [37], 'incomplete': [38], 'spoiling': [39], '(i.e.,': [40], 'residual': [41], '2': [43, 55, 94, 130, 139, 173], 'dependency).': [44], 'A': [45], 'new': [46], 'postprocessing': [47], 'approach': [48], 'proposed': [50], 'to': [51, 128, 144], 'overcome': [52], 'this': [53], '‐related': [56], 'bias.': [57], 'Methods': [58], 'quantified': [62], 'from': [63, 101], 'signal': [65, 87], 'ratio': [66], 'two': [68], '(SPGR)': [72], 'images': [73], 'acquired': [74], 'at': [75, 113], 'different': [76], 'angles': [78], 'an': [80], 'analytical': [81], 'solution': [82], 'for': [83, 154], 'RF‐spoiled': [85], 'steady‐state': [86], 'combination': [89], 'with': [90, 162, 191], 'a': [91, 136, 170], 'global': [92, 137, 171], 'guess.': [95, 140], 'accuracy': [98, 176], 'evaluated': [100], 'simulations': [102, 118], 'and': [103, 147, 156], 'vivo': [105, 153], '3D': [106], 'SPGR': [107], 'human': [111, 184], 'brain': [112, 185], '3': [114], 'Tesla.': [115], 'Results': [116], 'The': [117, 141], 'demonstrated': [119], 'that': [120], 'sensitivity': [122], 'mapping': [127], 'can': [131, 186], 'considerably': [132], 'be': [133, 188], 'reduced': [134], 'method': [142], 'proved': [143], 'deliver': [145], 'reliable': [146], 'accurate': [148], 'values': [151], 'white': [155], 'gray': [157], 'matter': [158], 'good': [160], 'agreement': [161], 'inversion': [163], 'recovery': [164], 'reference': [165], 'measurements.': [166], 'Conclusion': [167], 'Based': [168], 'on': [169, 196], 'estimate,': [174], 'substantially': [187], 'improved': [189], 'compared': [190], 'approaches': [193], 'which': [194], 'rely': [195], 'generally': [198], 'wrong': [199], 'assumption': [200], 'ideal': [202], 'spoiling.': [203], 'Magn': [204], 'Reson': [205], 'Med': [206], '75:1413–1422,': [207], '2016.': [208], '©': [209], '2015': [210], 'Wiley': [211], 'Periodicals,': [212], 'Inc.': [213]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2101067118', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-10T23:33:25.938029', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}