Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2099397840', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2013.2294713', 'title': 'A Neuroevolution Approach to General Atari Game Playing', 'display_name': 'A Neuroevolution Approach to General Atari Game Playing', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-03-05', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2099397840', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2013.2294713', 'mag': '2099397840'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2013.2294713', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210179349', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games', 'issn_l': '1943-068X', 'issn': ['1943-068X', '1943-0698'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pstone/Papers/bib2html-links/TCIAIG13-mhauskn.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011932968', 'display_name': 'Matthew Hausknecht', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthew Hausknecht', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053798319', 'display_name': 'Joel Lehman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9535-1123'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Joel Lehman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020441009', 'display_name': 'Risto Miikkulainen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-0037'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Risto Miikkulainen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001594330', 'display_name': 'Peter Stone', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-420X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter Stone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I83467386', 'display_name': 'IT University of Copenhagen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02309jg23', 'country_code': 'DK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I83467386']}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 19.826, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 173, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999969, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '355', 'last_page': '366'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11574', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence in Games', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11574', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence in Games', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11197', 'display_name': 'Digital Games and Media', 'score': 0.9901, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10462', 'display_name': 'Reinforcement Learning in Robotics', 'score': 0.9891, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroevolution', 'display_name': 'Neuroevolution', 'score': 0.99222875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cma-es', 'display_name': 'CMA-ES', 'score': 0.6179119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game', 'display_name': 'Video game', 'score': 0.5645318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/representation', 'display_name': 'Representation', 'score': 0.4515537}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118070581', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2060528', 'display_name': 'Neuroevolution', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.99222875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.78119206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205555498', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505588', 'display_name': 'CMA-ES', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6179119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6131947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125411270', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653', 'display_name': 'Encoding (memory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57567143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3018412434', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889', 'display_name': 'Video game', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5645318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50644808', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776', 'display_name': 'Artificial neural network', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5297704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776359362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286', 'display_name': 'Representation (politics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4515537}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97541855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687', 'display_name': 'Reinforcement learning', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44994253}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41445625', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418685', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary acquisition of neural topologies', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.44308853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105902424', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary computation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42972663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207002847', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912857', 'display_name': 'Evolution strategy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.3973315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121835503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596288', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary programming', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.18020344}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49774154', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765', 'display_name': 'Multimedia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/tciaig.2013.2294713', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210179349', 'display_name': 'IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games', 'issn_l': '1943-068X', 'issn': ['1943-068X', '1943-0698'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319808', 'host_organization_name': 'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319808'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.648.1172', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pstone/Papers/bib2html-links/TCIAIG13-mhauskn.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.648.1172', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pstone/Papers/bib2html-links/TCIAIG13-mhauskn.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306076', 'funder_display_name': 'National Science Foundation', 'award_id': 'DBI-0939454'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306076', 'funder_display_name': 'National Science Foundation', 'award_id': 'IIS-0917122'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306076', 'funder_display_name': 'National Science Foundation', 'award_id': 'IIS-0915038'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320332393', 'funder_display_name': 'Federal Highway Administration', 'award_id': 'DTFH61-07-H-00030'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 52, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W102487131', 'https://openalex.org/W135283623', 'https://openalex.org/W1512866498', 'https://openalex.org/W1516054196', 'https://openalex.org/W1542524953', 'https://openalex.org/W1601896814', 'https://openalex.org/W1609223620', 'https://openalex.org/W1625390266', 'https://openalex.org/W1680797894', 'https://openalex.org/W171213352', 'https://openalex.org/W1790098863', 'https://openalex.org/W1891427008', 'https://openalex.org/W196214544', 'https://openalex.org/W1983449914', 'https://openalex.org/W1987693278', 'https://openalex.org/W2013391942', 'https://openalex.org/W2020399841', 'https://openalex.org/W2028208918', 'https://openalex.org/W2028803479', 'https://openalex.org/W204818622', 'https://openalex.org/W2051238968', 'https://openalex.org/W2097797606', 'https://openalex.org/W2099233925', 'https://openalex.org/W2099587183', 'https://openalex.org/W2101355568', 'https://openalex.org/W2111935653', 'https://openalex.org/W2112413846', 'https://openalex.org/W2115804631', 'https://openalex.org/W2118686331', 'https://openalex.org/W2119814172', 'https://openalex.org/W2120480077', 'https://openalex.org/W2122372591', 'https://openalex.org/W2123859855', 'https://openalex.org/W2129578597', 'https://openalex.org/W2131985170', 'https://openalex.org/W2136922672', 'https://openalex.org/W2138760379', 'https://openalex.org/W2147596804', 'https://openalex.org/W2155791599', 'https://openalex.org/W2159283652', 'https://openalex.org/W2159635464', 'https://openalex.org/W2170672026', 'https://openalex.org/W2171658832', 'https://openalex.org/W2295670218', 'https://openalex.org/W2802125196', 'https://openalex.org/W294160310', 'https://openalex.org/W2950789693', 'https://openalex.org/W3103780890', 'https://openalex.org/W4300402917', 'https://openalex.org/W4301383669', 'https://openalex.org/W70760313', 'https://openalex.org/W86302728'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4879471', 'https://openalex.org/W4205345693', 'https://openalex.org/W3083319805', 'https://openalex.org/W2528958959', 'https://openalex.org/W2116954712', 'https://openalex.org/W2099397840', 'https://openalex.org/W2066251678', 'https://openalex.org/W1579744901', 'https://openalex.org/W1547737196', 'https://openalex.org/W1492325323'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'paper': [1], 'addresses': [2], 'the': [3, 55, 94, 97, 101, 133, 148], 'challenge': [4], 'of': [5, 44, 57, 78, 93, 100], 'learning': [6, 143], 'to': [7, 23, 128, 188], 'play': [8], 'many': [9], 'different': [10, 36, 52], 'video': [11, 190], 'games': [12], 'with': [13, 34, 147], 'little': [14], 'domain-specific': [15], 'knowledge.': [16], 'Specifically,': [17], 'it': [18], 'introduces': [19], 'a': [20, 42, 185], 'neuroevolution': [21, 30, 49, 77, 183], 'approach': [22, 187], 'general': [24, 189], 'Atari': [25, 46, 159], '2600': [26], 'game': [27, 95, 102, 135, 191], 'playing.': [28], 'Four': [29], 'algorithms': [31], 'were': [32], 'paired': [33], 'three': [35, 177], 'state': [37, 119, 150], 'representations': [38, 88, 120, 131], 'and': [39, 82, 104, 152, 165], 'evaluated': [40], 'on': [41, 64, 117, 140, 176], 'set': [43], '61': [45], 'games.': [47, 160, 178], 'The': [48], 'agents': [50], 'represent': [51], 'points': [53], 'along': [54], 'spectrum': [56], 'algorithmic': [58], 'sophistication': [59], '-': [60], 'including': [61], 'weight': [62], 'evolution': [63, 74], 'topologically': [65], 'fixed': [66], 'neural': [67], 'networks': [68], '(conventional': [69], 'neuroevolution),': [70], 'covariance': [71], 'matrix': [72], 'adaptation': [73], 'strategy': [75], '(CMA-ES),': [76], 'augmenting': [79], 'topologies': [80], '(NEAT),': [81], 'indirect': [83], 'network': [84], 'encoding': [85], '(HyperNEAT).': [86], 'State': [87], 'include': [89], 'an': [90], 'object': [91], 'representation': [92], 'screen,': [96, 103], 'raw': [98, 134], 'pixels': [99], 'seeded': [105], 'noise': [106], '(a': [107], 'comparative': [108], 'baseline).': [109], 'Results': [110], 'indicate': [111], 'that': [112, 182], 'direct-encoding': [113], 'methods': [114, 123], 'work': [115], 'best': [116], 'compact': [118], 'while': [121], 'indirect-encoding': [122], '(i.e.,': [124, 132], 'HyperNEAT)': [125], 'allow': [126], 'scaling': [127], 'higher': [129], 'dimensional': [130], 'screen).': [136], 'Previous': [137], 'approaches': [138], 'based': [139], 'temporal-difference': [141], '(TD)': [142], 'had': [144], 'trouble': [145], 'dealing': [146], 'large': [149], 'spaces': [151], 'sparse': [153], 'reward': [154], 'gradients': [155], 'often': [156], 'found': [157], 'in': [158], 'Neuroevolution': [161], 'ameliorates': [162], 'these': [163], 'problems': [164], 'evolved': [166], 'policies': [167], 'achieve': [168], 'state-of-the-art': [169], 'results,': [170], 'even': [171], 'surpassing': [172], 'human': [173], 'high': [174], 'scores': [175], 'These': [179], 'results': [180], 'suggest': [181], 'is': [184], 'promising': [186], 'playing': [192], '(GVGP).': [193]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2099397840', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T06:46:15.206827', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}