Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2098085279', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'title': 'Prokaryotic homologs of Argonaute proteins are predicted to function as key components of a novel system of defense against mobile genetic elements', 'display_name': 'Prokaryotic homologs of Argonaute proteins are predicted to function as key components of a novel system of defense against mobile genetic elements', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-08-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2098085279', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'mag': '2098085279', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19706170', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2743648'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'pdf_url': 'https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S42110715', 'display_name': 'Biology Direct', 'issn_l': '1745-6150', 'issn': ['1745-6150'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020935277', 'display_name': 'Kira S. Makarova', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-2844'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'display_name': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02meqm098', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I2800548410', 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kira S Makarova', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012792532', 'display_name': 'Yuri I. Wolf', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-8708'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'display_name': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02meqm098', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I2800548410', 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yuri I Wolf', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010586842', 'display_name': 'John van der Oost', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5024-1871'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I913481162', 'display_name': 'Wageningen University & Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04qw24q55', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I913481162']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John van der Oost', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I913481162']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035240489', 'display_name': 'Eugene V. Koonin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3943-8299'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'display_name': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02meqm098', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I2800548410', 'https://openalex.org/I4210109390']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'display_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01cwqze88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eugene V Koonin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210109390', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 1790, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 2195, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1790, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 2195, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 5.049, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 277, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999984, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '4', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10878', 'display_name': 'CRISPR and Genetic Engineering', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10878', 'display_name': 'CRISPR and Genetic Engineering', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12134', 'display_name': 'Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences', 'score': 0.9938, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1109', 'display_name': 'Insect Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10494', 'display_name': 'Plant Virus Research Studies', 'score': 0.9929, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/argonaute', 'display_name': 'Argonaute', 'score': 0.9564226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/piwi-interacting-rna', 'display_name': 'Piwi-interacting RNA', 'score': 0.9182689}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rasirna', 'display_name': 'RasiRNA', 'score': 0.8257743}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ribonuclease-iii', 'display_name': 'Ribonuclease III', 'score': 0.45031714}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201853390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413236', 'display_name': 'Argonaute', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.9564226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147724379', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367421', 'display_name': 'Piwi-interacting RNA', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.9182689}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8864211}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188172738', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367421', 'display_name': 'RasiRNA', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8257743}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6934164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166703698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201993', 'display_name': 'RNA interference', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.62049407}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4918238', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121438', 'display_name': 'Transposable element', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5228929}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203075996', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677', 'display_name': 'Operon', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4980049}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4809629}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67705224', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053', 'display_name': 'RNA', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46314287}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C79750893', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3430180', 'display_name': 'Ribonuclease III', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.45031714}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38134354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141231307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020', 'display_name': 'Genome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.1840131}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143065580', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695', 'display_name': 'Mutant', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.06573698}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D039642', 'descriptor_name': 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D039642', 'descriptor_name': 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020071', 'descriptor_name': 'Interspersed Repetitive Sequences', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020071', 'descriptor_name': 'Interspersed Repetitive Sequences', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011387', 'descriptor_name': 'Prokaryotic Cells', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017386', 'descriptor_name': 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000595', 'descriptor_name': 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001435', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteriophages', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001435', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacteriophages', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003851', 'descriptor_name': 'Deoxyribonucleases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003851', 'descriptor_name': 'Deoxyribonucleases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D039642', 'descriptor_name': 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D022761', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Transfer, Horizontal', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D022761', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Transfer, Horizontal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016678', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016678', 'descriptor_name': 'Genome', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007107', 'descriptor_name': 'Immune System', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020071', 'descriptor_name': 'Interspersed Repetitive Sequences', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008969', 'descriptor_name': 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010802', 'descriptor_name': 'Phylogeny', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011387', 'descriptor_name': 'Prokaryotic Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017434', 'descriptor_name': 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016415', 'descriptor_name': 'Sequence Alignment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'pdf_url': 'https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S42110715', 'display_name': 'Biology Direct', 'issn_l': '1745-6150', 'issn': ['1745-6150'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2701414', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2701414?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2743648', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2743648?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743648', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19706170', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'pdf_url': 'https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1745-6150-4-29', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S42110715', 'display_name': 'Biology Direct', 'issn_l': '1745-6150', 'issn': ['1745-6150'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256', 'host_organization_name': 'BioMed Central', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320256'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'BioMed Central'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 79, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1515594846', 'https://openalex.org/W1524159069', 'https://openalex.org/W1601675369', 'https://openalex.org/W1965404910', 'https://openalex.org/W1970679679', 'https://openalex.org/W1983995085', 'https://openalex.org/W1986533903', 'https://openalex.org/W1987154973', 'https://openalex.org/W1995042750', 'https://openalex.org/W2002013652', 'https://openalex.org/W2003875234', 'https://openalex.org/W2004271888', 'https://openalex.org/W2004926532', 'https://openalex.org/W2006212265', 'https://openalex.org/W2010986636', 'https://openalex.org/W2013042266', 'https://openalex.org/W2017721099', 'https://openalex.org/W2018777131', 'https://openalex.org/W2023186109', 'https://openalex.org/W2025827248', 'https://openalex.org/W2026520054', 'https://openalex.org/W2028648109', 'https://openalex.org/W2030120875', 'https://openalex.org/W2037108634', 'https://openalex.org/W2041594569', 'https://openalex.org/W2054166086', 'https://openalex.org/W2054268736', 'https://openalex.org/W2060711522', 'https://openalex.org/W2064667228', 'https://openalex.org/W2067853474', 'https://openalex.org/W2070564266', 'https://openalex.org/W2073186504', 'https://openalex.org/W2074106269', 'https://openalex.org/W2074862753', 'https://openalex.org/W2075451769', 'https://openalex.org/W2080356693', 'https://openalex.org/W2080698851', 'https://openalex.org/W2082588680', 'https://openalex.org/W2082667898', 'https://openalex.org/W2098508116', 'https://openalex.org/W2100932663', 'https://openalex.org/W2101788140', 'https://openalex.org/W2105495135', 'https://openalex.org/W2105854534', 'https://openalex.org/W2107717979', 'https://openalex.org/W2107903949', 'https://openalex.org/W2109627232', 'https://openalex.org/W2111831519', 'https://openalex.org/W2113878642', 'https://openalex.org/W2123965484', 'https://openalex.org/W2124080107', 'https://openalex.org/W2130060890', 'https://openalex.org/W2131510173', 'https://openalex.org/W2132926880', 'https://openalex.org/W2133821029', 'https://openalex.org/W2134412337', 'https://openalex.org/W2136252135', 'https://openalex.org/W2137573098', 'https://openalex.org/W2139449514', 'https://openalex.org/W2139544568', 'https://openalex.org/W2140373863', 'https://openalex.org/W2142529984', 'https://openalex.org/W2146180278', 'https://openalex.org/W2147335276', 'https://openalex.org/W2149472465', 'https://openalex.org/W2151815181', 'https://openalex.org/W2157714710', 'https://openalex.org/W2158605421', 'https://openalex.org/W2158714788', 'https://openalex.org/W2159647214', 'https://openalex.org/W2162407342', 'https://openalex.org/W2168778486', 'https://openalex.org/W2169235657', 'https://openalex.org/W2975923725', 'https://openalex.org/W2977348998', 'https://openalex.org/W4211039187', 'https://openalex.org/W4250052066', 'https://openalex.org/W4255750912', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4283721041', 'https://openalex.org/W4226170045', 'https://openalex.org/W2776565218', 'https://openalex.org/W2418370414', 'https://openalex.org/W2168693341', 'https://openalex.org/W2157663132', 'https://openalex.org/W2117132581', 'https://openalex.org/W1981608797', 'https://openalex.org/W1977733607', 'https://openalex.org/W1971388540'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Background': [1], 'In': [2], 'eukaryotes,': [3], 'RNA': [4, 32, 74, 420, 488], 'interference': [5], '(RNAi)': [6], 'is': [7, 76, 172, 182, 224, 463], 'a': [8, 45, 79, 124, 185, 197, 211, 232, 328, 418, 438, 464, 480, 501, 509], 'major': [9, 165], 'mechanism': [10], 'of': [11, 20, 23, 47, 52, 58, 63, 89, 113, 127, 135, 179, 188, 213, 235, 259, 295, 327, 331, 362, 428, 461, 479, 496, 518, 525, 529], 'defense': [12, 90, 315, 332], 'against': [13, 91, 316], 'viruses': [14], 'and': [15, 93, 131, 150, 204, 276, 298, 421, 448, 508, 527, 549], 'transposable': [16], 'elements': [17, 499], 'as': [18, 66, 367], 'well': [19], 'regulating': [21], 'translation': [22], 'endogenous': [24], 'mRNAs.': [25, 407], 'The': [26, 177, 334, 472, 516], 'RNAi': [27, 54, 106, 412], 'systems': [28, 55], 'recognize': [29], 'the': [30, 48, 53, 59, 68, 72, 85, 132, 136, 157, 169, 189, 205, 238, 290, 314, 353, 370, 397, 414, 425, 429, 450, 458, 468, 505, 519, 523, 530], 'target': [31, 73], 'molecules': [33, 491], 'via': [34, 348], 'small': [35], 'guide': [36, 80, 419, 442, 487], 'RNAs': [37], 'that': [38, 70, 75, 95, 195, 223, 263, 322, 365, 373, 396, 409, 434, 449, 474, 485], 'are': [39, 56, 208, 251, 277, 324, 338, 385, 476, 533], 'completely': [40], 'or': [41, 153, 175, 344, 446, 489], 'partially': [42], 'complementary': [43, 426], 'to': [44, 78, 104, 201, 226, 230, 253, 272, 340, 376, 387, 492, 536], 'region': [46, 427], 'target.': [49], 'Key': [50], 'components': [51, 326, 478], 'proteins': [57, 115, 144, 258, 311], 'Argonaute-PIWI': [60, 114, 128], 'family': [61], 'some': [62], 'which': [64, 168], 'function': [65, 436], 'slicers,': [67], 'nucleases': [69, 215, 228, 372, 384], 'cleave': [71], 'base-paired': [77], 'RNA.': [81], 'Numerous': [82], 'prokaryotes': [83, 109], 'possess': [84, 273], 'CRISPR-associated': [86], 'system': [87, 401, 484], '(CASS)': [88], 'phages': [92, 317], 'plasmids': [94], 'is,': [96], 'in': [97, 139, 167, 216, 304, 308, 313, 410, 454], 'part,': [98], 'mechanistically': [99], 'analogous': [100], 'but': [101, 116], 'not': [102, 278], 'homologous': [103], 'eukaryotic': [105, 142, 411, 514], 'systems.': [107, 333], 'Many': [108], 'also': [110], 'encode': [111], 'homologs': [112, 160], 'their': [117, 299, 349], 'functions': [118], 'remain': [119], 'unknown.': [120], 'Results': [121], 'We': [122], 'present': [123, 174], 'detailed': [125], 'analysis': [126, 187], 'protein': [129, 363], 'sequences': [130], 'genomic': [133, 305], 'neighborhoods': [134, 306], 'respective': [137, 206], 'genes': [138, 207, 282, 309], 'prokaryotes.': [140], 'Whereas': [141], 'Ago/PIWI': [143], 'always': [145], 'contain': [146], 'PAZ': [147, 170, 198, 415, 469], '(oligonucleotide': [148], 'binding)': [149], 'PIWI': [151], '(active': [152], 'inactivated': [154], 'nuclease)': [155], 'domains,': [156], 'prokaryotic': [158, 482, 506], 'Argonaute': [159], '(pAgos)': [161], 'fall': [162], 'into': [163], 'two': [164], 'groups': [166], 'domain': [171, 199, 222, 416, 452], 'either': [173, 444], 'absent.': [176], 'monophyly': [178], 'each': [180], 'group': [181, 261], 'supported': [183], 'by': [184, 544], 'phylogenetic': [186], 'conserved': [190], 'PIWI-domains.': [191], 'Almost': [192], 'all': [193, 247], 'pAgos': [194, 250, 323, 337, 357, 435, 462, 475, 526], 'lack': [196], 'appear': [200], 'be': [202, 231, 254, 359, 377, 388], 'inactivated,': [203, 355], 'associated': [209, 280, 531], 'with': [210, 281, 379, 457, 504, 513], 'variety': [212], 'predicted': [214, 252, 339, 386], 'putative': [217, 371, 398, 455], 'operons.': [218], 'An': [219], 'additional,': [220], 'uncharacterized': [221, 451], 'fused': [225], 'various': [227], 'appears': [229], 'unique': [233], 'signature': [234], 'operons': [236, 456], 'encoding': [237, 310], 'short': [239, 459], '(lacking': [240], 'PAZ)': [241], 'pAgo': [242, 296], 'form.': [243], 'By': [244], 'contrast,': [245], 'almost': [246], 'PAZ-domain': [248, 335], 'containing': [249, 336], 'active': [255, 368], 'nucleases.': [256, 286], 'Some': [257], 'this': [260], '(e.g.,': [262], 'from': [264], 'Aquifex': [265], 'aeolicus': [266], ')': [267], 'have': [268], 'been': [269], 'experimentally': [270], 'shown': [271], 'nuclease': [274, 350], 'activity,': [275, 351], 'typically': [279], 'for': [283, 467], 'other': [284], '(putative)': [285], 'Given': [287, 408], 'these': [288, 380, 383], 'observations,': [289], 'apparent': [291], 'extensive': [292], 'horizontal': [293], 'transfer': [294], 'genes,': [297], 'common,': [300], 'statistically': [301], 'significant': [302], 'over-representation': [303], 'enriched': [307], 'involved': [312], 'and/or': [318], 'plasmids,': [319], 'we': [320, 374, 431], 'hypothesize': [321], 'key': [325, 477], 'novel': [329, 399, 481], 'class': [330], 'directly': [341], 'destroy': [342], 'virus': [343], 'plasmid': [345], 'nucleic': [346, 494], 'acids': [347, 495], 'whereas': [352], 'apparently': [354], 'PAZ-lacking': [356], 'could': [358], 'structural': [360], 'subunits': [361], 'complexes': [364], 'contain,': [366], 'moieties,': [369], 'predict': [375], 'co-expressed': [378], 'pAgos.': [381], 'All': [382], 'DNA': [389, 404, 445, 490], 'endonucleases,': [390], 'so': [391], 'it': [392, 423], 'seems': [393], 'most': [394], 'probable': [395], 'phage/plasmid-defense': [400], 'targets': [402], 'phage': [403], 'rather': [405], 'than': [406], 'systems,': [413], 'binds': [417], 'positions': [422], 'on': [424, 437], 'target,': [430], 'further': [432], 'speculate': [433], 'similar': [439], 'principle': [440], '(the': [441], 'being': [443], 'RNA),': [447], 'found': [453], 'forms': [460], 'functional': [465, 502], 'substitute': [466], 'domain.': [470], 'Conclusion': [471], 'hypothesis': [473, 520], 'immune': [483], 'employs': [486], 'degrade': [493], 'invading': [497], 'mobile': [498], 'implies': [500], 'analogy': [503], 'CASS': [507], 'direct': [510], 'evolutionary': [511], 'connection': [512], 'RNAi.': [515], 'predictions': [517], 'including': [521], 'both': [522], 'activities': [524], 'those': [528], 'endonucleases': [532], 'readily': [534], 'amenable': [535], 'experimental': [537], 'tests.': [538], 'Reviewers': [539], 'This': [540], 'article': [541], 'was': [542], 'reviewed': [543], 'Daniel': [545], 'Haft,': [546], 'Martijn': [547], 'Huynen,': [548], 'Chris': [550], 'Ponting.': [551]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2098085279', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 40}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 16}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-07T07:53:12.228011', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}