Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2096287345', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.5.804', 'title': 'Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals.', 'display_name': 'Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals.', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2096287345', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.5.804', 'mag': '2096287345', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12003479'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.5.804', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S29984966', 'display_name': 'Journal of Personality and Social Psychology', 'issn_l': '0022-3514', 'issn': ['0022-3514', '1939-1315'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047650337', 'display_name': 'Andrew J. Elliot', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1664-6426'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5388228', 'display_name': 'University of Rochester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/022kthw22', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew J. Elliot', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['U Rochester, Dept of Clinical & Social Sciences in Psychology, Rochester, NY, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'U Rochester, Dept of Clinical & Social Sciences in Psychology, Rochester, NY, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050523990', 'display_name': 'Todd M. Thrash', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5388228', 'display_name': 'University of Rochester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/022kthw22', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Todd M. Thrash', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['U Rochester, Dept of Clinical & Social Sciences in Psychology, Rochester, NY, US'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'U Rochester, Dept of Clinical & Social Sciences in Psychology, Rochester, NY, US', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 27.076, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1200, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999913, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '82', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '804', 'last_page': '818'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11040', 'display_name': 'Personality Traits and Psychology', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11040', 'display_name': 'Personality Traits and Psychology', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11093', 'display_name': 'Personality Disorders and Psychopathology', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12848', 'display_name': 'Psychological Testing and Assessment', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3202', 'display_name': 'Applied Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nomothetic', 'display_name': 'Nomothetic', 'score': 0.5334822}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/trait-theory', 'display_name': 'Trait theory', 'score': 0.5247814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/trait', 'display_name': 'Trait', 'score': 0.4912657}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C179034447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621675', 'display_name': 'Nomothetic and idiographic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8952353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8858799}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61644593', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80157', 'display_name': 'Temperament', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.859495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127816348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127588', 'display_name': 'Extraversion and introversion', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7817453}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187288502', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118', 'display_name': 'Personality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68610203}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94612546', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540168', 'display_name': 'Neuroticism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6264764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168862018', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373805', 'display_name': 'Emotionality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5745288}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153327018', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3496424', 'display_name': 'Nomothetic', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5334822}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31670503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18773', 'display_name': 'Trait theory', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5247814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4923767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106934330', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873', 'display_name': 'Trait', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4912657}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47610793}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134238545', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4736511', 'display_name': 'Alternative five model of personality', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.42418092}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2865642', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132', 'display_name': 'Big Five personality traits', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4194408}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001362', 'descriptor_name': 'Avoidance Learning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006040', 'descriptor_name': 'Goals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009042', 'descriptor_name': 'Motivation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010551', 'descriptor_name': 'Personality', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013694', 'descriptor_name': 'Temperament', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000124', 'descriptor_name': 'Achievement', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010555', 'descriptor_name': 'Personality Inventory', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010555', 'descriptor_name': 'Personality Inventory', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012929', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychological Distance', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011594', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychometrics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013334', 'descriptor_name': 'Students', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013334', 'descriptor_name': 'Students', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.5.804', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S29984966', 'display_name': 'Journal of Personality and Social Psychology', 'issn_l': '0022-3514', 'issn': ['0022-3514', '1939-1315'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12003479', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'score': 0.64}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 124, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W112949365', 'https://openalex.org/W1483679835', 'https://openalex.org/W1487015583', 'https://openalex.org/W1504779493', 'https://openalex.org/W1506112622', 'https://openalex.org/W1533404793', 'https://openalex.org/W1542722502', 'https://openalex.org/W1556033561', 'https://openalex.org/W1572240091', 'https://openalex.org/W1583364134', 'https://openalex.org/W1595912963', 'https://openalex.org/W1622853059', 'https://openalex.org/W1679906238', 'https://openalex.org/W1763311249', 'https://openalex.org/W1767956543', 'https://openalex.org/W1819101903', 'https://openalex.org/W1847116623', 'https://openalex.org/W1849553904', 'https://openalex.org/W1856927393', 'https://openalex.org/W18671452', 'https://openalex.org/W1883896725', 'https://openalex.org/W1912763868', 'https://openalex.org/W1964152500', 'https://openalex.org/W1966732563', 'https://openalex.org/W1967940801', 'https://openalex.org/W1968565026', 'https://openalex.org/W1974940002', 'https://openalex.org/W1976951993', 'https://openalex.org/W1981703572', 'https://openalex.org/W1983786736', 'https://openalex.org/W1989389985', 'https://openalex.org/W1996086896', 'https://openalex.org/W1996108093', 'https://openalex.org/W1996443718', 'https://openalex.org/W1999661184', 'https://openalex.org/W2004632618', 'https://openalex.org/W2005998742', 'https://openalex.org/W2013811491', 'https://openalex.org/W2014114421', 'https://openalex.org/W2015530038', 'https://openalex.org/W2022495643', 'https://openalex.org/W2024107204', 'https://openalex.org/W2025975991', 'https://openalex.org/W2029712840', 'https://openalex.org/W2032346024', 'https://openalex.org/W2036743920', 'https://openalex.org/W2036888010', 'https://openalex.org/W2037121244', 'https://openalex.org/W2039582133', 'https://openalex.org/W2040822512', 'https://openalex.org/W2043862674', 'https://openalex.org/W2045309813', 'https://openalex.org/W2048732459', 'https://openalex.org/W2050853631', 'https://openalex.org/W2051037982', 'https://openalex.org/W2053442090', 'https://openalex.org/W2054318640', 'https://openalex.org/W2054728456', 'https://openalex.org/W2055232917', 'https://openalex.org/W2059923560', 'https://openalex.org/W2062672338', 'https://openalex.org/W2064404060', 'https://openalex.org/W2068118025', 'https://openalex.org/W2073654928', 'https://openalex.org/W2074660485', 'https://openalex.org/W2075289001', 'https://openalex.org/W2084491388', 'https://openalex.org/W2084807600', 'https://openalex.org/W2085966791', 'https://openalex.org/W2086854070', 'https://openalex.org/W2088226858', 'https://openalex.org/W2090005988', 'https://openalex.org/W2093582331', 'https://openalex.org/W2094194165', 'https://openalex.org/W2099465598', 'https://openalex.org/W2101069239', 'https://openalex.org/W2105378609', 'https://openalex.org/W2107952769', 'https://openalex.org/W2108706675', 'https://openalex.org/W2110634897', 'https://openalex.org/W2112283624', 'https://openalex.org/W2116007196', 'https://openalex.org/W2116949050', 'https://openalex.org/W2119314959', 'https://openalex.org/W2119632107', 'https://openalex.org/W2120703918', 'https://openalex.org/W2120996730', 'https://openalex.org/W2126933725', 'https://openalex.org/W2129882198', 'https://openalex.org/W2130142026', 'https://openalex.org/W2133105630', 'https://openalex.org/W2137957531', 'https://openalex.org/W2143793766', 'https://openalex.org/W2145076773', 'https://openalex.org/W2148905283', 'https://openalex.org/W2149886468', 'https://openalex.org/W2153361728', 'https://openalex.org/W2153739619', 'https://openalex.org/W2159316671', 'https://openalex.org/W2162733293', 'https://openalex.org/W2164942343', 'https://openalex.org/W2173381469', 'https://openalex.org/W2223694177', 'https://openalex.org/W2316519976', 'https://openalex.org/W2478164152', 'https://openalex.org/W2485565929', 'https://openalex.org/W2730880253', 'https://openalex.org/W2751379301', 'https://openalex.org/W2784640584', 'https://openalex.org/W2795596299', 'https://openalex.org/W2797247465', 'https://openalex.org/W2905327414', 'https://openalex.org/W2910834490', 'https://openalex.org/W2913911887', 'https://openalex.org/W2956085540', 'https://openalex.org/W2991078974', 'https://openalex.org/W3023678845', 'https://openalex.org/W4295545751', 'https://openalex.org/W47724368', 'https://openalex.org/W570435010', 'https://openalex.org/W614935308', 'https://openalex.org/W616711836', 'https://openalex.org/W638357860', 'https://openalex.org/W653072373'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4316087750', 'https://openalex.org/W4254269556', 'https://openalex.org/W4240619462', 'https://openalex.org/W3096303593', 'https://openalex.org/W3031826513', 'https://openalex.org/W2943300982', 'https://openalex.org/W2608598051', 'https://openalex.org/W2479259944', 'https://openalex.org/W2184688550', 'https://openalex.org/W109962085'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 122], 'present': [1], 'research': [2], 'examined': [3, 17], 'the': [4, 18, 26, 34, 49], 'role': [5], 'of': [6, 13, 28, 60, 77, 99, 128], 'approach': [7, 21, 105, 131], 'and': [8, 22, 39, 57, 64, 75, 81, 106, 120], 'avoidance': [9, 23, 107], 'motivation': [10], 'in': [11, 33, 53, 126], 'models': [12], 'personality.': [14, 44, 133], 'Specifically,': [15], 'it': [16], 'hypothesis': [19, 50], 'that': [20], 'temperaments': [24, 108], 'represent': [25], 'foundation': [27], 'several': [29], 'basic': [30], 'dimensions': [31], 'espoused': [32], 'trait': [35], 'adjective,': [36], 'affective': [37], 'disposition,': [38], 'motivational': [40], 'system': [41, 67, 84], 'approaches': [42], 'to': [43, 96, 111, 115, 132], 'Factor': [45], 'analytic': [46], 'support': [47], 'for': [48], 'was': [51, 94], 'obtained': [52], 'Studies': [54, 103], '1,': [55], '2,': [56], '6;': [58], 'measures': [59, 76], 'extraversion,': [61], 'positive': [62], 'emotionality,': [63, 80], 'behavioral': [65, 82], 'activation': [66], 'loaded': [68, 85], 'together': [69], 'on': [70, 86], '1': [71], 'factor': [72, 88], '(Approach': [73], 'Temperament)': [74], 'neuroticism,': [78], 'negative': [79], 'inhibition': [83], 'another': [87], '(Avoidance': [89], 'Temperament).': [90], 'This': [91], '2-factor': [92], 'structure': [93], 'shown': [95, 110], 'be': [97, 112], 'independent': [98], 'response': [100], 'biases.': [101], 'In': [102], '3-7,': [104], 'were': [109], 'systematically': [113], 'linked': [114], 'achievement': [116], 'goals': [117], '(both': [118], 'nomothetic': [119], 'idiographic).': [121], 'findings': [123], 'are': [124], 'discussed': [125], 'terms': [127], 'an': [129], 'integrative': [130]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2096287345', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 56}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 62}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 65}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 85}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 65}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 81}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 90}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 87}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 90}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-02T08:25:06.242139', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}